This thesis examines the relative importance of the inertial and geometric nonlinearities in modelling the dynamics of a flexible aircraft. Inertial nonlinearities are derived by employing an exact definition of the velocity distribution and lead to coupling between the rigid body and elastic motions. The geometric nonlinearities are obtained by applying nonlinear theory of elasticity to the deformations. Peters' finite state unsteady aerodynamic model is used to evaluate the aerodynamic forces. Three approximate models obtained by excluding certain combinations of nonlinear terms are compared with that of the complete dynamics equations to obtain an indication of which terms are required for an accurate representation of the flexible aircraft behavior. A generic business jet model is used for the analysis. The results indicate that the nonlinear terms have a significant effect for more flexible aircraft, especially the geometric nonlinearities which leads to increased damping in the dynamics.

This thesis examines the relative importance of the inertial and geometric nonlinearities in modelling the dynamics of a flexible aircraft. Inertial nonlinearities are derived by employing an exact definition of the velocity distribution and lead to coupling between the rigid body and elastic motions. The geometric nonlinearities are obtained by applying nonlinear theory of elasticity to the deformations. Peters' finite state unsteady aerodynamic model is used to evaluate the aerodynamic forces. Three approximate models obtained by excluding certain combinations of nonlinear terms are compared with that of the complete dynamics equations to obtain an indication of which terms are required for an accurate representation of the flexible aircraft behavior. A generic business jet model is used for the analysis. The results indicate that the nonlinear terms have a significant effect for more flexible aircraft, especially the geometric nonlinearities which leads to increased damping in the dynamics.

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<p> This thesis studies the optical and electronic compensation for fiber nonlinearities based on the theory of Volterra expression. Signals propagating through optical fibers suffer from both linear and nonlinear distortion. In this thesis, we first construct an approximate inverse of fiber systems based on the theory of pth-order inverse of Volterra expansion. For a fully dispersion compensated fiber system H with a second-order dispersion profile f32 (z) and a total length of L, if the input field is real, we show that the inverse can be approximated by a system K with an inverted seconder-order dispersion profile -/32 ( z-L), while keeping all the other parameters the same. We then further develop the scheme by adding an optical phase conjugator ( OPC) in the middle of the transmission line. More specifically, the inversion of a fully dispersion compensated N-span fiber system H with a second-order dispersion profile /32 (z) and a total length L, is realized using an OPC followed by another N-span system K with an inverted seconder-order dispersion profile -f32(z-L), while keeping all the other parameters the same. In this way the original input optical signals can be recovered exactly. Our analytical and numerical simulation results show that the scheme works well for both single-channel systems and WDM systems. For electronic compensation techniques, we examine a nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI) canceler based on Volterra theory, which was proposed first for voiceband data transmission, and apply it to optical fiber systems here, for the first time to our knowledge. The canceler is able to compensate nonlinear ISI caused by the cross product of both precursor and post cursor. </p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Vibration in metal cutting is a common problem in the manufacturing industry, especially when long and slender tool holders or boring bars are involved in the manufacturing process. Vibration has a detrimental effect on machining. In particular the surface finish is likely to suffer, but tool life is also most likely to be reduced. Tool vibration also results in loud noise that may disturb the working environment. The first part of this thesis describes the development of a robust and manually adjustable analog controller capable of actively controlling boring bar vibrations related to internal turning. This controller is compared with an adaptive digital feedback filtered-x LMS controller and it displays similar performance with a vibration attenuation of up to 50 dB. A thorough experimental investigation of the influence of the clamping properties on the dynamic properties of clamped boring bars is also carried out in second part of the thesis. In relation to this, it is demonstrated that the number of clamping screws, the clamping screw diameter size, the screw tightening torque and the order the screws are tightened, have a significant influence on a clamped boring bar’s eigenfrequencies as well as on its mode shape orientation in the cutting speed - cutting depth plane. Also, an initial investigation of nonlinear dynamic properties of clamped boring bars was carried out. Furthermore, vibration in milling has also been studied in relation to millingtool holders with a long overhang. A basic investigation concerning the spatial dynamic properties of the tool holders of milling machines, both when not cutting and during cutting, has been carried out. Also, active control of milling tool holder vibration has been investigated and a first prototype of an active milling tool holder was implemented and tested. The challenge of transferring electrical power while maintaining good signal quality to and from a rotating object is addressed and a solution to this is proposed. Finally, vibration is also a problem for the hydroelectric power industry. In Sweden, hydroelectric power plants stand for approximately half of Sweden’s electrical power production and are also considered to be a so-called green source of energy. When renovating water turbines in small-scale hydroelectric power plants and modifying them to optimize efficiency, it is not uncommon that disturbing vibrations occur in the power plant. These vibrations have a negative influence on the production capacity and will wear various components quickly. Occasionally, these vibrations may cause severe damage to the power plant. To identify this vibration problem, experimental modal analysis and operating deflection shape analysis were utilized. To reduce the vibration problem, active control using inertial mass actuators was investigated. Preliminary results indicate a significant attenuation of the vibrations.

This Master’s dissertation focuses on exploring optical nonlinearities in IIIV semiconductors. This work covers a range of III-V materials and a few devices. To begin with, optical characterization of Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) waveguides with enhanced nonlinear optical interactions was carried out. We have experimentally demonstrated wide conversion ranges andhigh conversion efficiencies for four-wavemixing inAlGaAswaveguides with three different geometries. In addition to that, both linear and nonlinear losses in each of these geometries were explored. AlGaAs represents only one compound of the large group of III-V semiconductors. To explore the potentials of other semiconductors compounds of this group for nonlinear optics, it is imperative to have information about refractive indices of different III-V compounds. This refractive index information is only available for some binary compounds in isolated spectral windows. In this thesis, we developed a model capable of predicting the values of the refractive indices of binary, ternary and quaternary III-V semiconductor compounds from the values of their band-gap energies. We compared the value predicted by our proposed model with existing experimental data and it was found not only is the predicted values in good agreement with the known values, but also has a lower error margin when compared to previously reported models. Finally, in quest for more suitable material platform for nonlinear photonic integration at different wavelength ranges, a detailed analysis of other potential III-V compounds not previously explored for photonic integration is presented.

The objective of this thesis is to study the dynamic properties of laser diodes and the compensation for the nonlinearities of laser diodes based on the theory of Volterra series. In the first part of this thesis, an analytical expression in Volterra series is discussed to depict the nonlinear distortion of laser diodes up to the third order. The simulation results of this analytical method show that Volterra series model improves the accuracy of the description of the nonlinearity of laser diodes in comparison with small-signal analysis model. In the second part, the p^th-order inverse theory is introduced to compensate the lasers' nonlinear distortion. The compensation scheme is constructed and the simulation of the system is conducted in this thesis. The result shows that the laser nonlinear distortion can be compensated by using this technique. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Although fiber optic communication systems have enjoyed tremendous developments since their inception roughly fifty years ago, there are still improvements to be made. One such area for growth, relating more to long-haul applications of optical fibers, is the mitigation of nonlinear penalties. These nonlinear penalties appear due to the transmitted signal affecting the material properties of the fiber itself, and are more prominent when said signal has more energy in it—a conflicting effect from the traditional stance where more energy is considered beneficial. These penalties come in different forms, although they all have the same degrading effects for the system in question. Therefore, it is imperative to find new techniques that can mitigate these nonlinear penalties to ensure the optimal performance for our systems. One such technique, that we call multi-subcarrier processing, is the interest of the thesis here. The first section proposes a new method to compensate for the receiver side digital signal processing. More specifically, it introduces an algorithm that can remove the intermediate frequency offset that the signal acquires after passing through the system, which is necessary for coherent systems employed today. As some traditional algorithms used in the signal processing no longer work for multi-subcarrier systems, this new algorithm is necessary to compensate effectively for said offset. The second section introduces a new signal processing technique for the multiplexing and demultiplexing of multi-subcarrier signals. By making use of the well-known Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, the computational cost for generating said signals can be drastically reduced as the number of subcarriers grow larger. As systems continue the trend of operating at greater baud rates, the savings introduced here should be of even greater significance for commercial systems of the future. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Sandwich structures constitute basic components of advanced supersonic/hypersonic flight and launch vehicles. These advanced flight vehicles operate in hostile environments consisting of high temperature, moisture, and pressure fields. As a result, these structures are exposed to large lateral pressures, large compressive edge loads, and high temperature gradients which can create large stresses and strains within the structure and can produce the instability of the structure. This creates the need for a better understanding of the behavior of these structures under these complex loading conditions. Moreover, a better understanding of the load carrying capacity of sandwich structures constitutes an essential step towards a more rational design and exploitation of these constructions. In order to address these issues, a comprehensive geometrically non-linear theory of doubly curved sandwich structures constructed of anisotropic laminated face sheets with an orthotropic core under various loadings for simply supported edge conditions is developed. The effects of the radii of curvature, initial geometric imperfections, pressure, uniaxial compressive edge loads, biaxial edge loading consisting of compressive/tensile edge loads, and thermal loads will be analyzed. The effect of the structural tailoring of the facesheets upon the load carrying capacity of the structure under these various loading conditions are analyzed. In addition, the movability/immovability of the unloaded edges and the end-shortening are examined. To pursue this study, two different formulations of the theory are developed. One of these formulations is referred to as the mixed formulation, While the second formulation is referred to as the displacement formulation. Several results are presented encompassing buckling, postbuckling, and stress/strain analysis in conjunction with the application of the structural tailoring technique. The great effects of this technique are explored. Moreover, comparisons with the available theoretical and experimental results are presented and good agreements are reported. / Ph. D.