Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University

This study explores and identifies the needs of North Shore women during their postpartum period (0-3 months). In order to compare the perspective of the service users and the professional care givers, data were collected from three groups: new mothers, community health nurses and hospital maternity nurses. Discussions resulting from eight focus group interviews were the primary source of information for this exploratory study. Six groups of mothers, one group of community health nurses and one group of hospital nurses participated in the focus group discussions. The total number of participants were thirty-three mothers, eight community health nurses and six hospital nurses. Content analysis of the qualitative data identified three themes: 1) lack of knowledge, 2) role confusion and/or role redefinition, and 3) lifestyle adjustments. Each theme was examined within the context of three developmental time periods: the first week, 1 week to 6 weeks, and 6 weeks to three months. The data indicated that women were concerned with six tasks during their postnatal period: breast-feeding, infant care, maternal care, maintaining their spousal relationship, sibling care and household care. The relationship of each task to each theme was considered in each time period. In addition to the themes and tasks identified, the focus groups revealed that assistance and emotional support from spouses, other family members and friends is one of the most important components in the maternal recovery and adjustment process. The overall findings of the study indicate that during their postnatal period the mothers needed information, support and validation to assist them in adapting to their role as parents. The results of this study have implications for health care service providers, agencies and organizations providing services and resources to women and their families, and for the family and friends of new mothers.

This study explores and identifies the needs of North Shore women during their postpartum period (0-3 months). In order to compare the perspective of the service users and the professional care givers, data were collected from three groups: new mothers, community health nurses and hospital maternity nurses. Discussions resulting from eight focus group interviews were the primary source of information for this exploratory study. Six groups of mothers, one group of community health nurses and one group of hospital nurses participated in the focus group discussions. The total number of participants were thirty-three mothers, eight community health nurses and six hospital nurses. Content analysis of the qualitative data identified three themes: 1) lack of knowledge, 2) role confusion and/or role redefinition, and 3) lifestyle adjustments. Each theme was examined within the context of three developmental time periods: the first week, 1 week to 6 weeks, and 6 weeks to three months. The data indicated that women were concerned with six tasks during their postnatal period: breast-feeding, infant care, maternal care, maintaining their spousal relationship, sibling care and household care. The relationship of each task to each theme was considered in each time period. In addition to the themes and tasks identified, the focus groups revealed that assistance and emotional support from spouses, other family members and friends is one of the most important components in the maternal recovery and adjustment process. The overall findings of the study indicate that during their postnatal period the mothers needed information, support and validation to assist them in adapting to their role as parents. The results of this study have implications for health care service providers, agencies and organizations providing services and resources to women and their families, and for the family and friends of new mothers. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Macrobenthos and macrophytes of the north shore littoral zone of Hamilton Harbour were extensively sampled in late August 1994. Benthic community structure is described, including the presence of several oligochaete and chironomid genera previously unreported in the harbour. Community structure is scale dependent and identifying which spatial scales contribute important structure is a useful step in determining which environmental factors have the greatest impact on the benthic community. This information can be used to plan efficient benthos monitoring programs, and to construct spatially explicit models of the harbour ecosystem. Most of the variation in the data set (approx. 88%) is due to small scale patchiness, probably related to patchiness of the macrophyte community and sediment grain size, as well as biotic processes such as predation and competition. Large scale structure is related to a water depth gradient, probably involving changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations, light attenuation, and sediment grain size. Macrophytes also respond to this gradient. There is little important structuring of the benthos community at intermediate spatial scales. Models of benthic communities in the harbour must deal with spatial pattern effects such as autocorrelation. Additionally, spatial patterns provide information useful for understanding causes of community structure. A method is developed for the spatial pattern analysis of the benthic community data, which allows the simultaneous evaluation of patterns at various scales, with minimal mixing of information between scales. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

The Ontario Clean Water Act (2006) mandated that eight and two municipal drinking water intakes in the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority (CRCA) and the Ganaraska River Source Protection Agency (GRSPA) jurisdictions respectively, be protected from contaminants released into the surrounding waters through the delineation of Intake Protection Zones (IPZs). Toward these objectives, the Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) was applied to simulate the hydrodynamics and contaminant transport in the eastern Lake Ontario and upper St. Lawrence River. Model hydrodynamics were comprehensively validated against field data collected during April-October, 2006. The flow was found to be predominantly wind induced in the southwestern lacustrine portion of the domain and hydraulically driven in the northeastern riverine portion with storm events resulting in river flow reversals. The modeled surface currents were applied to delineate IPZs surrounding the drinking water intakes. Passive tracers were simulated as surrogates for combined sewer outflows, tributary flows, municipal/wastewater and industrial discharges identified by CRCA as threats to drinking water intakes. Wind was found to be the most dominant forcing to transport contaminants, both in the Kingston Basin and the St. Lawrence River, whereas the St. Lawrence River outflow was found to influence the transport of contaminants along the river. The hydrodynamics and contaminant transport in the near-shore region of Lake Ontario, from Port Hope to Cobourg was also simulated using ELCOM and the results were comprehensively validated against field data collected during April-September, 2010. Upwelling and downwelling events caused by south-westerly and north-easterly winds were found to be the predominant hydrodynamic process. These events generated barotropic geostrophic alongshore currents or ‘coastal jets’ of ~20 cm s-1. Discharges from river plumes and sewage treatment plants were simulated as tracer releases. The tracer concentrations were primarily influenced by the close proximity of the intakes to the effluent release points, the volume and direction of the discharge from the intakes and the physical processes driving the flow dynamics. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-17 11:41:54.68

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-07-31T21:23:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final_Felipe Paganelly.pdf: 2040755 bytes, checksum: 67ae63a04b44242c5f350a8c1c788bed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-31T21:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final_Felipe Paganelly.pdf: 2040755 bytes, checksum: 67ae63a04b44242c5f350a8c1c788bed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-16 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / The aim of the study was to register the ethnozoological corpus that artisanal fishermen communities on Bahia?s North shore have about stomatopod and decapod crustaceans, as well as to investigate the different ways that these animals are locally used. The fieldwork was conducted in two stages: the first consisted on the collection of biological material; later, expeditions were made aiming to collect ethnozoological data through semi-structured interviews about the crustacean specimenspreviously collected. The northern and southern boundaries of the study area were the beaches of Ipitanga and Mangue Seco, respectively, totalizing 23 sampling points for biological material collection. A total of 51 interviews were conducted on the beaches of Vilas do Atl?ntico, Buraquinho, Jau?, Arembepe and Praia do Forte from August to December 2013.Fishermen on the North coast of Bahia feature a diverse conception of crustaceans, with an impressive wealth of perceptions, using several criteria to define/identify the group, such as morphological, physiological, ecological, and usage criteria. From these criteria, the fishermen cited a total of 42 names, including crustaceans and other animals belonging to different taxonomic groups, such as octopuses, echinoderms and even sea turtles. Referring to body topography, homologous structures presented similar names in different crustaceans, demonstrating a recognition degree of analog systems by traditional knowledge. The fishermen featured knowledge about physiological, reproductive and seasonal processes of crustaceans. About the fishing techniques, in the study area artisanal fishermen use a total of ten fishing gears, where lobsters (Panulirus laevicauda) were the most wanted source, followed by the sapateira crab (Parribacus antarticus). Other crustaceans showed no commercial interest and some species are eventually caught for subsistence. Referring to the ways of use, the following usages were recorded: feed and commerce, fishing artifact (bait), medicinal, and esthetical-decorative. The interviewed fishermen recognized, unanimously, the importance of crustaceans for the environment. Their folk knowledge could interfere in conservation measures, since the perception of improvement and preservation of the marine ecosystem by the presence of crustaceans may influence on the sustainability of the fishing activity. / O estudo teve como objetivo geral registrar o corpus etnozool?gico que as comunidades de pescadores artesanais do litoral norte da Bahia possuem sobre os crust?ceos estomat?podes e dec?podes, al?m de investigar os diferentes modos de uso desses animais.O trabalhode campo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu na coleta do material biol?gico; posteriormente, realizaram-se expedi??es visando ?s coletas de dados etnozool?gicos atrav?s de entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre os crust?ceos coletados.Os limites sul e norte da ?rea de estudo foramas praias de Ipitanga e Mangue Seco, respectivamente, totalizando 23 pontos amostrais de coleta de material biol?gico. Foram realizadas 51 entrevistas nas praias de Vilas do Atl?ntico, Buraquinho, Jau?, Arembepe e Praia do Forte entre agosto a dezembro de 2013. Os pescadores do litoral norte da Bahia apresentam uma concep??o diversificada sobre os crust?ceos, com uma riqueza impressionante de percep??es,utilizando diversos crit?rios para definir/identificar o grupo, como crit?rios morfol?gicos, fisiol?gicos, ecol?gicos e utilit?rios. A partir desses crit?rios,os pescadorescitaram um total de 42nomes, incluindo crust?ceos e outros animais pertencentes a diferentes grupos taxon?micos, como polvo, equinodermos e at? mesmo tartarugas-marinhas.Referente ? topografia corporal, estruturas hom?logas apresentaram nomes iguais nos diferentes crust?ceos, demonstrando um grau de reconhecimento de sistemas an?logos por parte do conhecimento tradicional. Os pescadores apresentaram conhecimento sobre processos fisiol?gicos, reprodutivos e sazonais dos crust?ceos. Sobre a pesca,na ?rea de estudo os pescadores artesanais utilizam um total de dez artes de pesca, sendo que o recurso mais buscado foi a lagosta (Panulirus laevicauda), seguido da sapateira (Parribacus antarticus). Os demais crust?ceos n?o apresentaram interesse comercial e algumas esp?cies s?o capturadas eventualmente para alimenta??o de subsist?ncia. Em rela??o aos modos de uso, constatou-se as seguintes utiliza??es dos crust?ceos: utilit?rio (alimentar e comercial), artefato de pesca (isca), medicinal e est?tico-decorativo. Os pescadores entrevistados reconheceram, de forma un?nime, a import?ncia dos crust?ceos para o meio ambiente, o que pode interferir em medidas conservacionistas, uma vez que a percep??o de melhoria e preserva??o do ecossistema marinho pela presen?a desses animais pode influenciar na sustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira.

This research examines access to community resources - services, facilities and amenities that are potentially health promoting - in two New Zealand territorial authorities, and the policy and planning frameworks of each regarding community resources. International research evidence indicates that community resource access is potentially beneficial to health and wellbeing, through creating supportive environments for health, and providing venues to facilitate social connections. Review of the urban design and planning literature indicates that community resource access is strongly influenced by the dominant urban design and planning models. Geographic information systems were used to develop a Census meshblock-based indicator of community resource accessibility (the Community Resource Accessibility Index). Quantitative analysis examined associations of resource access with socio-economic and demographic population patterns. Qualitative analysis, using key informant interviews and document analysis, explored policies on community resource access, and the role of health and wellbeing as a policy goal for each territorial authority. Quantitative analysis revealed the socio-economically wealthier city had higher overall levels of community resource access, but within each city, more deprived areas had higher levels of access. The location of community resources within poorer areas reduces the mobility costs of people within these areas to access such resources, and makes more available the general health benefits of community resources. Qualitative analysis indicated community resources are important components of urban strategies. Historic patterns of community resource development, aggregated city wealth and local policies were important determinants of the level of community resource access. In New Zealand, as will be the case internationally to varying degrees, there is considerable scope for territorial authorities to enhance local health and wellbeing, through direct delivery of community resources, and through collaboration with external agencies to develop community resources that are outside the direct responsibilities of territorial authorities. When these findings are considered in the context of the passage of local government legislation in late 2002, there is growing potential for territorial authorities to use a variety of levers to enhance community resource access, and by implication, health and wellbeing. Health promoters have opportunities to engage with local government and contribute to urban development strategies, for the purposes of enhancing population health and reducing health inequalities.

Ce mémoire traite de l’utilisation des matières premières lithiques telle que représentée sur les sites préhistoriques de la Moyenne-Côte-Nord du Golfe du Saint-Laurent, au Québec. Cette étude régionale se base sur la réanalyse d’un nombre important de collections archéologiques et accorde une grande importance à l’identification et à la description des matières premières utilisées. Un matériau d’origine locale, le Chert de la Minganie, y occupe une place particulière. L’importance de ce matériau pour la préhistoire régionale était jusqu’ici virtuellement inconnue. Suite à nos analyses, un inventaire complet des matières premières utilisées est mis sur pied. Ces données mettent en évidence un certain nombre de comportements. Principalement, nous identifions deux ensembles qui illustrent la présence de territoires attribuables à la répartition de groupes amérindiens subrégionaux (bandes). Finalement, à travers l’utilisation des ressources lithiques, les liens qui rattachent les groupes de notre région d’étude à ceux de la péninsule du Québec-Labrador sont illustrés. / This thesis deals with lithic raw material use as evidenced on prehistoric sites from the middle North Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, Quebec. This regional study is based on the reanalysis of a large number of archaeological collections and places central importance on the identification and description of the varieties of lithics that were used. A specific material of local origin, Mingan chert, occupies a special place in this study. The importance of this material for regional prehistory has remained, until now, poorly understood. As a result of our analyses, a full inventory of the lithic varieties used on these sites is presented and permits us to illustrate certain prehistoric behaviours. Principally, we identify two sets of sites which correspond to the presence of subregional aboriginal groups (bands). Finally, raw material use demonstrates social and exchange ties that link the groups of our study area to those of the broader region of the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.

Ce mémoire traite de l’utilisation des matières premières lithiques telle que représentée sur les sites préhistoriques de la Moyenne-Côte-Nord du Golfe du Saint-Laurent, au Québec. Cette étude régionale se base sur la réanalyse d’un nombre important de collections archéologiques et accorde une grande importance à l’identification et à la description des matières premières utilisées. Un matériau d’origine locale, le Chert de la Minganie, y occupe une place particulière. L’importance de ce matériau pour la préhistoire régionale était jusqu’ici virtuellement inconnue. Suite à nos analyses, un inventaire complet des matières premières utilisées est mis sur pied. Ces données mettent en évidence un certain nombre de comportements. Principalement, nous identifions deux ensembles qui illustrent la présence de territoires attribuables à la répartition de groupes amérindiens subrégionaux (bandes). Finalement, à travers l’utilisation des ressources lithiques, les liens qui rattachent les groupes de notre région d’étude à ceux de la péninsule du Québec-Labrador sont illustrés. / This thesis deals with lithic raw material use as evidenced on prehistoric sites from the middle North Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, Quebec. This regional study is based on the reanalysis of a large number of archaeological collections and places central importance on the identification and description of the varieties of lithics that were used. A specific material of local origin, Mingan chert, occupies a special place in this study. The importance of this material for regional prehistory has remained, until now, poorly understood. As a result of our analyses, a full inventory of the lithic varieties used on these sites is presented and permits us to illustrate certain prehistoric behaviours. Principally, we identify two sets of sites which correspond to the presence of subregional aboriginal groups (bands). Finally, raw material use demonstrates social and exchange ties that link the groups of our study area to those of the broader region of the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.

La Côte Nord de l’Estuaire et du Golfe du St. Laurent (Québec, Canada) est caractérisée par une série de complexes deltaïques mis en place en contexte de chute de Niveau Marin Relatif (NMR) forcée par le rebond glacio-isostatique, lors du retrait des marges de l’Inlandsis Laurentidien. L’étude de trois complexes deltaïques montre qu’un motif d’évolution morphostratigraphique contrôlé par le retrait des marges glaciaires prévalait au premier ordre. Le premier stade de sédimentation se caractérise par la mise en place de cônes d’épandage juxtaglaciaires sous-aquatiques. Leur localisation au front de la marge glaciaire fait que la répartition spatiale des corps sédimentaires montre localement un empilement en rétrogradation. Dès l’émergence d’un front glaciaire continental, des deltas proglaciaires se développent en contexte de chute de NMR, formant des lobes dont l’altitude décroît vers le bassin. Ces derniers sont initialement associés à un système fluviatile en tresse alimenté en sédiments glaciogéniques par les marges glaciaires en retrait. Malgré des taux de chute de NMR de plusieurs cm/an, aucune incision fluviatile n’est observée à ce stade et la dynamique de transfert est prédominante du fait des forts taux d’apports sédimentaires. Plus tard, à la suite du retrait des marges glaciaires hors des bassins versants, le remaniement paraglaciaire se développe du fait de la réduction drastique des apports en eaux et sédiments. Le système fluviatile, devenu méandriforme, s’encaisse dans les anciens dépôts deltaïques maintenant inactifs et les bordures de deltas sont remaniées par les processus littoraux (plages soulevées, terrasses marines). Cette étude révèle que la majorité du volume de ces complexes deltaïques (10-20 km3) est mis en place en quelques milliers d’années seulement, immédiatement après la déglaciation ; le remaniement paraglaciaire n’ayant contribué à l’accrétion deltaïque que très marginalement. La modélisation numérique (Dionisos) valide les différents forçages identifiés par l’analyse morphosédimentaire. Une synthèse des complexes deltaïques à l’échelle de toute la Côte Nord du St. Laurent a permis de catégoriser 21 complexes deltaïques en 4 scénarios d’évolution morphosédimentaire, directement liés à la dynamique de retrait de la marge glaciaire. Leur décryptage offre une clef de lecture originale pour l’historique du retrait des marges glaciaires de l’Inlandsis Laurentidien sur la période 12-7.5 ka cal BP. / The North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf is characterized by the presence of deltaic complexes that were emplaced under falling Relative Sea Level (RSL) forced by the glacio-isostatic rebound, immediately after the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin. The study of three deltaic complexes reveals that a common morphostratigraphic evolution forced by the retreat of the LIS prevailed for the edification of these structures, reflecting the retreat of the LIS margin. The emplacement of subaqueous outwash fans beyond the retreating or stillstanding glaciomarine margin constitutes the first stage of this evolution. As tied to the ice-margin position, these fans are characterized in places by a backstepping stacking pattern, in spite of the forced regressive setting. From the emergence of a continental ice front, the proglacial deltaic system develops and forms lobes staged accordingly to the RSL fall. These deltaic systems actively prograde at that time because they are fed in glaciogenics by the retreating LIS margin through braided meltwater streams. In spite of the RSL fall reaching several centimeters per years, no fluvial entrenchment occurs mainly owing to the significant amount of sediment supply. Later, when the LIS margin retreats from the drainage basins of feeding rivers, fluvial systems experience a drastic drop in sediment supply that forced the interruption of the deltaic progradation and the onset of paraglacial reworking. The paraglacial reworking consists in the entrenchment of a meandering fluvial system within former deltaic deposits and shows the prevalence of shallow-marine processes (waves, tides) at the delta rim (raised beaches, marine terraces). This study reveals that the bulk of the deltaic volume (c.a. 10-20 km3) for each complex was emplaced in only a few thousands of years following the LIS margin retreat when the latter was still located in the drainage basin. The paraglacial reworking had a minor influence on the deltaic accretion. A forward stratigraphic model (Dionisos) is used to validate the variety of forcing as understood from the sedimentary analysis. A synthesis including 21 deltaic complexes of the St. Lawrence North Shore allowed the establishment of a fourfold categorization. This scheme of deltaic evolution was used in order to refine the position of the LIS margin retreating upland for a period ranging from 12 to 7.5 ka cal BP.