The effects of early season and late season drought stress on various carbohydrates, calcium and/or nitrogen content at apical, central and basal tuber locations were studied for Russet Burbank and A082260-8 potatoes. Drought stress which occurred early in the stage of tuber development appeared to have more detrimental effect than later season stress. Interactions between treatment and sampling date and variety x position x date were significant during early season stress. Generally, percent total solids increased during potato development for both varieties. The central portion of tuber had the lowest total solids. Total reducing sugar content generally decreased during potato development for both varieties with significant (P<.05) differences at early season stress due to the interaction effects of treatment x date and variety x position. No significant difference in reducing sugar at later season stress was found regardless of treatment. Variety difference in reducing sugar content occurred at the apical end. Russet Burbank had more reducing sugars than A082260-8 at this end. The exploration of fructose, glucose and sucrose individually showed the same developing pattern as total reducing sugar. Sucrose made up over 50% of the total sugars with glucose and fructose the next in order of importance. The apical end had more sucrose and glucose than the basal end. The interaction of variety and position for both nitrogen and dietary fiber may be a result of growth pattern differences in the two treatments. Total dietary fiber content was generally the highest at the basal portion for both varieties. Russet Burbank appeared to have higher total dietary fiber than A082260-8 at this end. The level of calcium in Russet Burbank was significantly higher than that in A082260-8. Basal and apical portions had higher calcium content than the central portion. / Graduation date: 1990

The Akaitcho property borders the northern claims of the Giant Yellowknife property. Diamond drilling has revealed an ore body lying along a terrace in a steeply-dipping mineralized shear zone. The shear is contained in Pre-cambrian volcanic rocks all of which have been more or less regionally metamorphosed. Adjacent to the ore, the rocks contain much introduced quartz, calcite, and pyrite. Sulphide mineralization is sparse but the ore is quite complex with an abundance of pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, and sulpho-salts present. The gold is very fine-grained, the largest particle observed microscopically being 150 microns in diameter. It is disseminated in a quartz-carbonate gangue and is also closely associated with sulphides especially arsenopyrite and veinlets of sulpho-salts. Based upon the mineral assemblage, the alteration zone, and the general nature of the ore, the deposits would be classed as mesothermal. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Garry Island, approximately 11 kilometres (7 miles) long and 0.8 to 3.2 kilometres (0.5 to 3.2 miles) wide, is located at about latitude 69° 28'N and longitude 135° 42'W in the southern part of the Beaufort Sea. The stratigraphy consists mainly of unconsolidated sands, silts, clays and stony clays which have been intensively deformed by the thrusting action of glacier-ice moving from the south. The deformed sediments are locally overlain by undisturbed sands and gravels containing marine fossils dated at >42,000 years. The absence of any evidence of glacial till on top of the sands suggests that Garry Island lay beyond the northwestern limits of the Laurentide ice sheet during the late-Wisconsin glaciation. Elevated strand-lines, which may be of great antiquity and occur at approximately 7.5 metre (25 feet) intervals to an altitude of almost 46 metres (150 feet), indicate the extent of Pleistocene fluctuations of sea level and the drowning of a pre-existing topography. The development of tundra polygons, in small flats behind sandspits or bars built across the drowned valleys in association with the former sea levels, has imparted a distinctive, stepped longitudinal profile to the stream courses. The tundra vegetation of Garry Island is classified into ten major habitats which are primarily related to drainage conditions and type of geomorphic activity. The island is underlain by permafrost and the thickness of the active layer is greatest, and ground temperatures in this layer are highest, beneath unvegetated surfaces and where the substrate is composed predominantly of mineral soil. Stratigraphic, geomorphic and historic evidence indicates considerable recession of the coastline in recent times. Current rates of retreat, reaching maxima of 10.5 metres (35 feet) per annum, are primarily related to the composition of the permafrost, being greatest in areas of fine-grained sediments, containing high ice contents, with a southerly exposure. Thermal erosion of the permafrost is the dominant process influencing cliff retreat and the primary role of wave action, on a short term basis, is in the removal of thawed debris from the base of the cliffs. Observations of three highly active mudslumps, created by the exposure of segregated ground ice, show that the rate of headwall recession is strongly correlated with ambient air temperatures. Maximum recession occurs where the ice content is high and the slumped debris is frequently removed from the base of the scarp. The cyclic development of a gully system on the ice face is described. The longevity of mudslump activity is prolonged where strong mudflows carry the thawed material away from the foot of the headwall, thus preventing the progressive burial of the scarp face. Mudflow velocities reveal a rhythmic pulsation related to periodic blocking of their channels. Mud levees, bordering the mudflows, result from the progressive bleeding of moisture from, and subsequent stagnation of, the mud rather than as residual features pushed aside by the advancing mudflow. Patterned ground on Garry Island is primarily restricted to non-sorted types. Angular intersections of thermal contraction cracks, representing the incipient stages of tundra polygons, exhibit a preferred tendency toward slightly-oriented, orthogonal systems. The initial micro-relief of earth hummocks is believed to originate through the accentuation of a miniature desiccation/frost crack pattern. Following the establishment of a vegetation cover, their subsequent growth involves further differential frost action and solifluction. Statistical tests show that the height, size and shape of earth hummocks are closely related to their position on the slope profile. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this thesis is to argue that effective economic development planning cannot occur without integrating the planning, policy-making, and programme development processes. The Government of the Northwest Territories' tourism development planning efforts are examined and analysed in an effort to identify the determinants of successful development planning. For a number of decades economic development activity in the Northwest Territories has been based on non-renewable resource extraction. The result has been the creation of an unstable and dependent economy that largely serves the needs of non-residents. Increasingly Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT), like other governments across Canada and around the world, has turned to development planning to deal with the instability and dependency problems that are an inevitable adjunct to non-renewable resource based economies. The Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) has concluded that tourism can provide some protection from the economic storms that periodically sweep across the non-renewable resource based northern economy. A review of planning, policy, and programme theory indicated that while the three are different they are not discrete fields of study or activity. Rather, they are all integral parts of development planning. Thus, it is necessary, to examine not just government planning documents but also governmental policy and programmes, before commenting upon, and learning from, a government's development planning activities. This thesis has drawn information and examples from a variety of GNWT planning, policy, and programme sources relating to tourism development in the NWT. An examination of these documents and numerous unstructured interviews with those planning the development of the NWT's tourism sector have led to .the following findings: 1. The GNWT has assumed that tourism is an effective tool for diversifying and stabilizing the economy of the NWT. Indeed, it could be said that the GNWT has focused its hopes for an improved economic future on tourism. 2. The quantity and quality of information for planning collected by the GNWT has been 'inadequate'. No information on the tourism perceptions, desires and concerns of NWT residents was collected. 3. The Department of Economic Development and Tourism has recognized the shortage of data as a problem and has taken steps to address it. However, most new data being collected is marketing information with little relevance for policy and programme planning. 4. The goals and objectives of the NWT Tourism Strategy were drafted by technically oriented planners with access to little information on the perceptions, desires and concerns of NWT residents. The Strategy implicitly assumed that tourism would have a positive cost-benefit ratio, that increased tourism would diversify and stabilize the NWT's economic base, and that increased tourism would be well received in the small/remote communities of the Northwest Territories. 5. The GNWT's only formal statement of tourism development policy (the NWT Tourism Strategy) was articulated in Community Based' Tourism: A Strategy for the Northwest Territories Tourism Industry. 6. The GNWT used its Territorial Parks programme as a tool to foster tourism and spread its benefits across the NWT. 7. GNWT tourism planners and policy-makers have unquestioningly accepted the notion of "tourism [as] a desirable industry for the Northwest Territories", without exploring the long term implications of the striving for a tourism dependent economy. 8. The GNWT did not recognize/acknowledge that tourism was/is an export industry that may be subject to many of the unpredictable fluctuations that the primary industries were/are noted for. 9. The Northwest Territories is an example of a jurisdiction in which development planning, at least with regard to tourism development, has not occurred. By removing its planning efforts from the complex socio-economic reality of the Northwest Territories the GNWT's planning efforts can be said to be rational, but also top-down, and technocratic. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

A study was made of the petrology of a variety of underground ice types in permafrost on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula and Pelly Island, Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T. Ice bodies of a considerable range of ages occur, including some deformed in the Wisconsin glaciation; also permafrost and ice is growing ab initio beneath recently drained lake bottoms. The spectrum of ice body size is also wide, extending from pore-sized particles to beds 25 m thick. The major objective of the study was an understanding of the growth and deformation of such ice bodies from a petrologic viewpoint. Thus several bodies of known, recent, age -were analyzed in order to enumerate features typical of growth. This was possible for icing mounds, tension cracks and active layer ice which grew in winter 1973-74. Growth conditions were inferred in terms of water supply, freezing directions and rates, solute rejection (bubble formation) and crystal size, shape, lattice and dimensional orientation. On the basis of this knowledge of growth features, older and larger ice bodies were studied, and post-solidification characteristics ware analyzed. Soma near-surface ice gave evidence of thermomigration of bubbles, but the major changes in fabric ware due to thermally and mechanically induced stresses. In the case of wedge ice, progressive changes in crystal size, shape, lattice and dimensional orientation ware recognized from the centre to the boundary of the wedge, due to recrystallization and grain growth associated with wedge development. Segregated ice was studied ia pingos and an involuted hill. A pingo core with steeply-dipping beds showed little evidence of flow while broader pingo with a greater pore ice content had undergone some flow in the segregated ice layers. A range of fabrics was found in the involuted hill, optic axis orientations becoming increasingly concentrated normal to compositional layering while dimensional orientations tended towards parallelism with the layering in anticlines in the ice. The influence of bubbles on deformation is pointed out in that larger crystals occur in clear ice and thus have greater intracrystalline slip than in bubbly ice. Where a wedge penetrated such a fold, the fabric changed along the fold limb in a manner symmetrically related to the wedge. Additionally, several near-surface ices ware studied and showed evidence of multiple growth periods, and multiple freezing directions, indicating that the ice grew in enclosed water in frozen material. Thus the complexity of freezing and melting histories may be recognized petro-graphically while it is not readily apparent in the field. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

In the 1970’s the Government of the Northwest Territories was seeking to involve communities in the decisionmaking process about the allocation, priority setting and program and facilities design issues in the sphere of health services. As a result of this desire, relationships were being forged which emphasized a sense of partnership between government at different levels and community groups. In fact, considerable bureaucratic effort was put into the determination of how the communities should provide their participation. This eventually became known, informally at least, as the "community participation methodology". During a forty-one month period (March, 1977 to August, 1980) this methodology was implemented and eventually culminated in the construction of a senior citizens' home in the community of Fort Providence. It is the concern of this thesis to examine that methodology by asking the following question: "How useful and applicable is the Northwest Territories' community participation approach in the planning and development of facilities, specifically for the elderly?" In addressing this question several issues had to be considered. First, what were the objectives of the participants and were they compatible? What were the potential obstacles to the participation process and were they reckoned with? How did the participation process actually occur if, in fact, it did occur? In other words, the efforts of the bureaucrats had to be analyzed in terms of what they hoped to accomplish, how they attempted to accomplish their goal(s) and what they actually achieved. Another problem faced by this examination was the question of theoretical framework. The thesis was a retrospective examination which meant the planners' concepts had to be discussed in terms of theoretical concepts to determine if there is a theoretical basis for the applied concepts and whether or not these strategies were appropriate to this example. It was suggested that the theories of John Foskett, Edmund Burke and Sherri Arnstein were in support of the bureaucrats' efforts. The findings of the examination were that the participants' objectives were compatible; the planners were cognizant of the potential constraints inherent in this project and endeavoured to eliminate or minimize the consequences of these constraints; and, the methodology was successful in achieving participation. With respect to the participation, the thesis concludes that the participation achieved was actually only tokenism and that true participation did not really occur. This then throws the question of utility and applicability of the methodology into doubt. The thesis concludes that everything worked this time because the assumptions of the participants were the same. The thesis closes, however, with a suggestion that the basic assumptions concerning health care are changing. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

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