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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2012. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-06-28T11:58:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_CleberScoralickJunior.pdf: 2196236 bytes, checksum: d6baffb961530828f2ef7dd9de540423 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-06-28T11:59:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_CleberScoralickJunior.pdf: 2196236 bytes, checksum: d6baffb961530828f2ef7dd9de540423 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-28T11:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_CleberScoralickJunior.pdf: 2196236 bytes, checksum: d6baffb961530828f2ef7dd9de540423 (MD5) / Metadados de arquivos e pastas em sistemas de arquivos armazenam informações relevantes para a análise pericial, com destaque para os rótulos de tempo. No entanto, esses rótulos podem ser afetados por configurações erradas do relógio, problemas de alimentação elétrica ou alterações intencionais dos rótulos de tempo ou do relógio do sistema, exigindo do examinador maior cuidado em sua análise. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar procedimentos periciais de informática em sistemas de arquivos NTFS (New Techonologies File System), na plataforma Windows XP, que permitam afirmar acerca do grau de contabilidade dos rótulos de tempo, indicar a quais operações os arquivos e pastas de interesse foram submetidos, bem como elaborar uma linha de tempo. Em uma máquina virtual Windows XP, foram realizadas simulações de operações com arquivos e pastas e um estudo de seus efeitos nos rótulos de tempo. Além das simulações de operações comuns, foram testadas alterações intencionais nos rótulos de tempo e no relógio do sistema, o efeito de varreduras do Windows Media Player e de programas antivírus, além de transferências de arquivos e pastas de um sistema FAT (File Allocation Table) para o sistema NTFS. Investigou-se também como a geração de pontos de restauração pelo Windows pode contribuir para a análise temporal. Para exposição dos resultados dos experimentos, foram elaboradas tabelas que apresentam relações cronológicas entre os rótulos de tempo dos atributos analisados, relações de igualdade e desigualdade entre rótulos de atributos diferentes e características dos rótulos de tempo para cada operação analisada. Esses resultados permitem, na maioria dos casos, individualizar as operações. Os programas para manipulação dos rótulos de tempo avaliados mostraram-se ineficazes, pois não impediram que, no exame pericial, tanto a alteração quanto o instante em que ocorreram fossem detectados. Constatou-se também que é possível detectar arquivos alterados com o relógio do sistema manipulado, sendo necessário avaliar o campo LSN ($LogFile Sequence Number) dos arquivos de interesse e os que apresentam valores próximos, juntamente com seus rótulos de tempo. A análise do Registro ativo e de suas cópias armazenadas nos pontos de restauração mostrou-se importante para determinar configurações relevantes para a análise temporal. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos foram aplicados em um caso real, permitindo a afirmação da autenticidade dos arquivos questionados e a elaboração de suas linhas de tempo. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Timestamps within file system metadata hold important forensic information. However, their analysis is not straightforward, as they can be unwittingly tampered as a result of the computer clock being incorrect, low clock battery or time zone/day-light saving time misconfiguration. They can also be deliberately manipulated with direct tampering of timestamps or of the computer clock. This study intends to determine digital forensic procedures for NTFS (New Techonologies File System) file systems on Windows XP. These procedures would allow investigators to assess the reliability of timestamps and determine the operations to which files and folders were submitted to and generate their timeline. The most common operations on files and folders were performed on a Windows XP virtual machine and their effects on NTFS timestamps were evaluated. Direct timestamp and computer clock tampering, scans by Windows Media Player and antivirus programs and FAT (File Allocation Table) to NTFS file transfers were also evaluated. Files generated by restore point were also forensically investigated. As a result, we developed tables containing chronological relationships between timestamps, comparisons of timestamps between attributes and timestamp characteristics of some operations, allowing distinguishing among most of the analyzed operations. Several timestamp manipulation programs were tested and proved to be ineffective because a forensic analysis is capable to identify the manipulation and also to end out its time of occurrence. Computer clock tampering can also be detected by evaluating the LSN ($LogFile Sequence Number) and timestamps of the files under investigation and also of the ones with close LSN values. The operating system Registry and its backup copies stored on restore points should be examined to determine system configurations at the time of analysis. The results from this study were applied to a real case and allowed the determination of the authenticity of files and supported the creation of their timeline.

Orientador: Celio Cardoso Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T09:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Granado_MarcusCunha_M.pdf: 24944658 bytes, checksum: 511feafcfab73a86a468d2a4d08d1245 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado visa analisar a segurança dos protocolos de comunicação do sistema operacional Windows NT da Microsoft, especialmente quando usados em ambientes corporativos, onde é importante determinar se informações sigilosas estão adequadamente protegidas. Várias falhas importantes, de difícil correção, encontradas dispersas na bibliografia, foram apontadas e agrupadas. Novas e importantes vulnerabilidades foram descobertas, mostrando que mesmo o Windows 2000, a última versão deste sistema operacional, está sujeita a ataques eficientes que permitem sobrepujar esses protocolos de comunicação para obter informações sigilosas. / Abstract: This master thesis aims to assess Microsoft Windows NT operating system communication protocols security, mainly when used in corporation environments, where it is important to ascertain if sensitive information is adequately secured. Several important security faults, which are difficult to correct and are dispersed in bibliography, were pointed and grouped. Important new vulnerabilities were discovered, showing that even Windows 2000, the last version of this operating system, is subject to efficient attacks that allow supplanting those communication protocols in order to obtain sensitive information. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Please read the abstract in the section 06back of this document / Thesis (PhD (New Testament))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

Selenium (Se) in the aquatic environment is predominantly found as the soluble selenium oxyanions; selenate (SeO42-), and selenite (SeO32-). These oxyanions are toxic, and they readily bio-accumulate in the food chain. However, numerous studies have proven the viability of microbial remediation in reducing them to elemental selenium (Se0) which is considered to be biologically inert and relatively less toxic. Of the various microorganisms that have been employed in Se bioremediation, Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I has shown great potential in removing high concentrations of SeO42- and SeO32-. Of these two selenium oxyanions, SeO32- is more toxic, is the most reactive and is usually found in mildly oxidising acidic environments. Therefore, the focus of this study is on selenite. In this study Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I was used in aerobic batch reduction of various SeO32- concentrations (0.5 to 10 mM) to Se0 under already known optimum conditions of temperature 35±2 °C, pH 7 – 8 and salinity 5 g.L-1 NaCl. The selenium (Se) reduction efficiency of strain NT-I was assessed under varying conditions, such as the presence and absence added nitrogen and glucose substrates, inhibited metabolic activity and bacterial cells. Moreover, the variation in the different parameters such the oxidation reduction potential (ORP), metabolic activity (MA) and the concentrations of SeO32-, glucose and total organic carbon (TOC) were also monitored. Key results indicated that the rate and amount of SeO32 reduction was influenced by the concentration to be reduced. For an initial SeO32- concentration of 0.5 mM, reduction was gradual and after 36 h, approximately 75 % had been reduced to Se0 which was equivalent to 0.375 mM. In the reduction of 10 mM SeO32- however, the reduction rate was rapid and even though the overall percentage reduction averaged around 18 %, this was equivalent to 1.8 mM This indicated that the increased initial reduction rate was a result of increased biomass activity in response to increased selenite concentration. This response is likely a defence mechanism employed by strain NT-I to detoxify its surrounding in elevated SeO32- concentrations. The results of these biological experiments were modelled, and the non-growth kinetics were found to fit the adapted Monod equation with k_s and k_Se values of 4.723 mM and 2.869 mmol.(h.g)-1 respectively. Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I’s capability of being able to survive in very high selenium concentrations make it an attractive and versatile microbial species suitable for the bioremediation of selenium laden industrial wastewater. / Dissertation (MSc (Applied Science: Environmental Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Chemical Engineering / MSc (Applied Science: Environmental Technology) / Restricted

Obesity is linked to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a (PPARa) regulates lipid metabolism. Cytochrome P-450 2A5 (CYP2A5) is a potential antioxidant and CYP2A5 induction by ethanol is CYP2E1 dependent. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and steatosis are more severe in CYP2A5 knockout (cyp2a5 -/- ) mice than in wild-type mice although PPARa is elevated in cyp2a5 -/- mice. To examine why the upregulated PPARa failed to prevent the enhanced steatosis in cyp2a5 -/- mice, we abrogate the upregulated PPARa in cyp2a5 -/- mice by cross-breeding cyp2a5 -/- mice with PPARa knockout (ppara-/- ) mice to create ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice. The ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice, ppara-/- mice, and cyp2a5 -/- mice were fed HFD to induce steatosis. After HFD feeding, more severe steatosis was developed in ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice than in ppara-/- mice and cyp2a5 -/- mice. The ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice and ppara-/- mice exhibited comparable and impaired lipid metabolism. Elevated serum alanine transaminase and liver interleukin-1β, liver inflammatory cell infiltration, and foci of hepatocellular ballooning were observed in ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice but not in ppara-/- mice and cyp2a5 -/- mice. In ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice, although redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its target antioxidant genes were upregulated as a compensation, thioredoxin was suppressed, and phosphorylation of JNK and formation of nitrotyrosine adduct were increased. Liver glutathione was decreased, and lipid peroxidation was increased. Interestingly, inflammation and fibrosis were all observed within the clusters of lipid droplets, and these lipid droplet clusters were all located inside the area with CYP2E1-positive staining. These results suggest that HFD-induced fibrosis in ppara-/- /cyp2a5 -/- mice is associated with steatosis, and CYP2A5 interacts with PPARa to participate in regulating steatohepatitis-associated fibrosis.

This study deals with the surprising commissioning of a new translation into Hebrew of the New Testament only months after the prestigious translation by the celebrated German Hebraist Prof. Franz Delitzsch had been published, in 1877. An alternative to the professor’s version was to be molded by Isaac Salkinson, a renowned Hebrew translator of world classics, like Shakespeare’s Othello. Salkinson, who despite his controversial status as a convert to Christianity, and even as a Presbyterian missionary, was still ‘high in demand’ by high-profile Haskalah proponents, due to his exceptional knowledge of Hebrew idioms. As an all-Jewish enterprise, Salkinson’s Hebrew NT, edited by the acclaimed Jewish scholar, Christian D. Ginsburg, aroused a storm of criticism among Protestant Hebraists after its publication in 1885. Foremost among the critics was the Oxford professor Samuel R. Driver, co- author of the BDB lexicon, the standard reference for Biblical Hebrew. Driver publicly declared Salkinson’s knowledge of Hebrew to be inadequate. At the same time, Salkinson’s language was pronounced a source of delight by a Jewish audience ready to reclaim Hebrew as their national tongue. Even today Salkinson’s rich Hebrew is admired by Israeli authors. The present linguistic study of Salkinson’s NT translation has been undertaken to provide insights into these very divergent evaluations of his opus.

NT-proBNP is a biproduct derived from the synthesis of BNP, a synthesis stimulated when cardiomyocytes are stretched such as in heart failure. Heart failure is defined as the hearts inability to supply the blood volume the body acquires. It is advantageous to monitor changes for adequate treatment. NT-proBNP has proven to be an excellent marker for this purpose. The purpose of the study was to compare the two immunochemical methods for measuring NT-proBNP: Roche Elecsys proBNP II analyzed with Cobas e601 and Siemens IMMULITE 2000 NT-proBNP analyzed with IMMULITE 2000 XPi. For this comparison 60 lithium heparin plasma samples from 36 men (60 – 90 years old) and 24 women (65 – 94 years old) was used. IMMULITE 2000 XPi served as the reference method. Results from the assays were compared in a correlation diagram, which indicated good correlation (R: 0.98). Cobas e601 yielded results on average 17.4 % lower than the reference method. A paired t test was used to prove significant diference at 95 % confidence level between the methods on a 95 % confidence level. Precision regarding Roche Elecsys proBNP II, based on measurings of plasma with low and high analyte concentration, 25 replicates one day and 5 replicates 4 days gave imprecisions <3 % (CV%). Reference method imprecision (CV%) <5 % was calculated from control analysis. Good correlation between the two methods and lower imprecision when using proBNP II indicate that Cobas e601 can be used. / NT-proBNP är en restprodukt vid syntes av brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), vars syntes stimuleras av att hjärtats myocyter töjs ut såsom vid hjärtsvikt. Hjärtsvikt innebär att hjärtat inte orkar pumpa den volym blod som motsvarar systemkretsloppets behov. Det är fördelaktigt att kunna följa förändringar i hjärtmuskelns funktion för adekvat behandling. NT-proBNP har visat sig vara en bra markör i detta syfte. Studiens syfte var att jämföra två immunokemiska metoder: Roches Elecsys proBNP II i analysinstrumentet Cobas e601 med Siemens IMMULITE 2000 NT-proBNP i analysinstrumentet IMMULITE 2000 XPi. Studiematerialet kom att bestå av 60 patientprover av litiumheparinplasma från 36 män (60 – 90 år) samt 24 kvinnor (65 - 94 år). IMMULITE 2000 Xpi fungerade som referensmetod. Resultat av kalibrering överensstämde med erhållna masterkurvor och analys av kontroller gav resultat inom 1 SD. Analysresultaten från de båda metoderna jämfördes i ett korrelationsdiagram. Spridningsdiagrammen indikerade en korrelation om R: 0,98. Jämförd metod gav dock i genomsnitt 17,8 % lägre resultat. Signifikant skillnad metoderna emellan vid 95 % konfidensnivå påvisades genom ett parat t-test. Precision avseende Roches Elecsys proBNP II undersöktes genom analys av plasma med hög respektive låg analytkoncentration (25 replikat samma dag och 5 replikat om dagen i ytterligare 4 dagar) vilket totalt gav en imprecision om <3 % uttryckt i CV. Referensmetodens imprecision beräknades utifrån analyserade kontroller och gav en CV <5 %. God korrelation mellan de båda metoderna samt lägre imprecision vid användning av Elecys proBNP II talar för att den jämförda metoden kan tas i bruk.

O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi associar os polimorfismos do gene HLA-G (região 3\' NT) com a coinfecção HIV/HCV e com os grupos (HIV, HCV e controles saudáveis). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, comparativo, descritivo. Participaram do estudo, 560 indivíduos, sendo 156 controles saudáveis, 102 coinfetados HIV/HCV, 186 infectados pelo HIV e 116 por HCV. Para a identificação dos polimorfismos, o DNA genômico foi extraído do sangue total e a genotipagem feita por PCR e visualizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 7%, no qual o polimorfismo de 14pb foi identificado, e por sequenciamento os outros sete SNPs. Os resultados sociodemográficos apontam que a amostra na sua grande maioria foi composta por indivíduos adultos e do sexo masculino. No que diz respeito à cor da pele, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se um maior número de coinfectados apresentando a cor preta e parda do que nos monoinfectados (P=0,0001). Com relação à categoria de exposição para aquisição do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, observou-se diferença significante na transmissão por via heterossexual, sendo sua frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0000). No caso da comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se também diferença na transmissão heterossexual, sendo sua frequência significantemente maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). Quanto aos achados relacionados ao genótipo do HCV, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o genótipo 1a apresentou frequência maior nos coinfectados (P=0,0001). No que diz respeito à carga viral do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da monoinfecção apresentou maior carga viral do que o grupo da coinfecção (P=0,0350). Com relação ao grau de fibrose hepática, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da coinfecção tem mais fibrose leve do que o grupo da monoinfecção (P=0,0009). Quanto aos polimorfismos genéticos da região 3\' NT do HLA-G, foi encontrado que o genótipo de heterozigose Del/Ins de 14 pb apresentou diferença significante nos indivíduos coinfectados pelo HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) quando comparados com o grupo controle. Em relação ao SNP +3003, a comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável mostrou que alelo +3003T apresentou uma frequência significantemente maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0147); o genótipo +3003C/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0095); o genótipo +3003T/T estava maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0095). A comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV mostrou que a frequência do alelo +3003C estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0463); e o genótipo +3003T/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0494). A frequência do genótipo +3187A/A estava maior no grupo HIV/HCV em comparação ao HIV (P=0,0193); e do +3187A/G estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0187). O genótipo +3196C/G apresentou frequência significamente maior no grupo HIV do que no controle saudável (P=0,0213). A UTR-10, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e controle, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0044); quando comparados os grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, frequência foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0300) e na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV, sua frequência também foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0140). A UTR-4, na comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável, revelou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0147). A UTR-9, na comparação dos grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Em relação aos dados clínicos, a presença do alelo T na posição +3035 foi significantemente associada à maior carga viral do HCV, acima de 400.000 cópias/mL (P=0,0244). Em relação aos tipos de genótipos do HCV, a presença do alelo +3027C foi associada ao subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0109). Adicionalmente, a presença do genótipo C/C na posição +3027 também foi significantemente associada com o subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0015). Ainda, o alelo A do SNP +3187 foi significantemente associado com os outros genótipos do HCV, excluindo o 1a (P=0,0369). Embora não esteja totalmente esclarecida a função do gene HLA-G, estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhor elucidar sua função nos contextos fisiológicos, como gestação, e patológicos, como tumores, transplantes, doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas. Tais estudos procuram ampliar o conhecimento sobre o sistema imunológico e contribuem para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os polimorfismos da região 3\' NT do gene HLA-G, na coinfecção HIV/HCV. Como também, na melhoria da assistência de enfermagem que deve buscar reduzir a morbimortalidade pela referida patologia. Porém, ainda há um longo percurso a ser percorrido na compreensão dos fatores imunogenéticos envolvidos na coinfecção pelo HIV/HCV / The general objective of the research was to associate the polymorphism of the gene HLA-G (region 3\' NT) with the co-infection HIV/HCV and with the groups (HIV, HCV and healthy control). It is a cross-sectional, comparative, descriptive study. 560 individuals participated of the study, being 156 healthy control individuals, 102 co- infected HIV/HCV, 186 infected by HIV and 116 by HCV. For identifying the polymorphisms, the genomic DNA was extracted from the total blood and the genotyping was made by PCR and visualized in gel of polyacrylamide at 7%, in which the polymorphism of 14pb was identified, and by sequencing the other seven SNPs. The social demographic results point that the most of the sample was composed by male adult individuals. Regarding the color of the skin, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, a bigger number of co-infected with black skin and brown-skinned was observed than in the mono infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the category of exposition for acquisition of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, a significant difference was observed in the transmission through heterosexual exposition, being its frequency bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0000). In the case of the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the difference in the heterosexual transmission was also observed, being its frequency significantly higher in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). About the finding related to the genotype of the HCV, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the genotype 1a presented higher frequency in the co- infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the viral load of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, the group of the mono infection presented bigger viral load that the group of the co-infection (P=0,0350). Regarding to the level of hepatic fibrosis, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the group of co-infection has a lighter fibrosis that the group of the mono infection (P=0,0009). Regarding to the genetic polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the HLA-G, it was found that the genotype of heterozygosis Del/Ins of 14 pb, presented significant difference in the individuals co-infected by the HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) when compared with the control group. About the SNP +3003, the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, it was showed that the allele +3003T presented a significant higher frequency in the group HCV (P=0,0147); the genotype +3003C/T presented a higher frequency in the control group (P=0,0095); the genotype +3003T/T was bigger in the group HCV (P=0,0095). The comparison between the groups HIV and HCV showed that the frequency of the allele +3003C was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0463); and the genotype +3003T/T presented a bigger frequency in the group (P=0,0494). The frequency of the genotype +3187A/A was bigger in the group HIV/HCV in comparison to the HIV (P=0,0193); and of the +3187A/G was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0187). The genotype +3196C/G presented frequency significantly bigger in the group HIV than in the healthy control (P=0,0213). The UTR-10, in comparison between the groups HIV and control, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV (P=0,0044); when compared the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, frequency was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0300) and in the comparison between the groups HIV and HCV, its frequency was also bigger in the group (P=0,0140). The UTR-4, in the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, revealed a bigger frequency in the control group (P=0,0147). The UTR-9, in comparison of the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Regarding to the clinical data, the presence of the allele T in the position +3035, was significantly associated to bigger viral load of the HCV, above 400.000 copies /mL (P=0,0244). About the types of genotypes of the HCV, the presence of the allele +3027C was associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0109). Additionally, the presence of the genotype C/C in the position +3027 was also significantly associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0015). Still, the allele A of the SNP +3187 was significantly associated with the other genotypes of the HCV, excluding the 1a (P=0,0369). Although the function of the gene HLA-G, is not totally clarified, studies have been developed for better elucidate its function in the physiological contexts, like gestation, and pathological, such as tumours, transplants, infectious and inflammatory diseases. These studies aim to extend the knowledge about the immunological system and contribute for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The results of this study contribute for enhancement of the knowledge about the polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the gene HLA-G, in the co-infection HIV/HCV. As well as, in the improvement of the assistance of nursing that must seek reducing the morbid mortality by the pathology referred. However, there is still a long path to be followed in the comprehension of the immunogenic factors involved in the co-infection by the HIV/HCV

O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi associar os polimorfismos do gene HLA-G (região 3\' NT) com a coinfecção HIV/HCV e com os grupos (HIV, HCV e controles saudáveis). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, comparativo, descritivo. Participaram do estudo, 560 indivíduos, sendo 156 controles saudáveis, 102 coinfetados HIV/HCV, 186 infectados pelo HIV e 116 por HCV. Para a identificação dos polimorfismos, o DNA genômico foi extraído do sangue total e a genotipagem feita por PCR e visualizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 7%, no qual o polimorfismo de 14pb foi identificado, e por sequenciamento os outros sete SNPs. Os resultados sociodemográficos apontam que a amostra na sua grande maioria foi composta por indivíduos adultos e do sexo masculino. No que diz respeito à cor da pele, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se um maior número de coinfectados apresentando a cor preta e parda do que nos monoinfectados (P=0,0001). Com relação à categoria de exposição para aquisição do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, observou-se diferença significante na transmissão por via heterossexual, sendo sua frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0000). No caso da comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se também diferença na transmissão heterossexual, sendo sua frequência significantemente maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). Quanto aos achados relacionados ao genótipo do HCV, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o genótipo 1a apresentou frequência maior nos coinfectados (P=0,0001). No que diz respeito à carga viral do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da monoinfecção apresentou maior carga viral do que o grupo da coinfecção (P=0,0350). Com relação ao grau de fibrose hepática, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da coinfecção tem mais fibrose leve do que o grupo da monoinfecção (P=0,0009). Quanto aos polimorfismos genéticos da região 3\' NT do HLA-G, foi encontrado que o genótipo de heterozigose Del/Ins de 14 pb apresentou diferença significante nos indivíduos coinfectados pelo HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) quando comparados com o grupo controle. Em relação ao SNP +3003, a comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável mostrou que alelo +3003T apresentou uma frequência significantemente maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0147); o genótipo +3003C/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0095); o genótipo +3003T/T estava maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0095). A comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV mostrou que a frequência do alelo +3003C estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0463); e o genótipo +3003T/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0494). A frequência do genótipo +3187A/A estava maior no grupo HIV/HCV em comparação ao HIV (P=0,0193); e do +3187A/G estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0187). O genótipo +3196C/G apresentou frequência significamente maior no grupo HIV do que no controle saudável (P=0,0213). A UTR-10, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e controle, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0044); quando comparados os grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, frequência foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0300) e na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV, sua frequência também foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0140). A UTR-4, na comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável, revelou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0147). A UTR-9, na comparação dos grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Em relação aos dados clínicos, a presença do alelo T na posição +3035 foi significantemente associada à maior carga viral do HCV, acima de 400.000 cópias/mL (P=0,0244). Em relação aos tipos de genótipos do HCV, a presença do alelo +3027C foi associada ao subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0109). Adicionalmente, a presença do genótipo C/C na posição +3027 também foi significantemente associada com o subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0015). Ainda, o alelo A do SNP +3187 foi significantemente associado com os outros genótipos do HCV, excluindo o 1a (P=0,0369). Embora não esteja totalmente esclarecida a função do gene HLA-G, estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhor elucidar sua função nos contextos fisiológicos, como gestação, e patológicos, como tumores, transplantes, doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas. Tais estudos procuram ampliar o conhecimento sobre o sistema imunológico e contribuem para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os polimorfismos da região 3\' NT do gene HLA-G, na coinfecção HIV/HCV. Como também, na melhoria da assistência de enfermagem que deve buscar reduzir a morbimortalidade pela referida patologia. Porém, ainda há um longo percurso a ser percorrido na compreensão dos fatores imunogenéticos envolvidos na coinfecção pelo HIV/HCV / The general objective of the research was to associate the polymorphism of the gene HLA-G (region 3\' NT) with the co-infection HIV/HCV and with the groups (HIV, HCV and healthy control). It is a cross-sectional, comparative, descriptive study. 560 individuals participated of the study, being 156 healthy control individuals, 102 co- infected HIV/HCV, 186 infected by HIV and 116 by HCV. For identifying the polymorphisms, the genomic DNA was extracted from the total blood and the genotyping was made by PCR and visualized in gel of polyacrylamide at 7%, in which the polymorphism of 14pb was identified, and by sequencing the other seven SNPs. The social demographic results point that the most of the sample was composed by male adult individuals. Regarding the color of the skin, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, a bigger number of co-infected with black skin and brown-skinned was observed than in the mono infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the category of exposition for acquisition of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, a significant difference was observed in the transmission through heterosexual exposition, being its frequency bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0000). In the case of the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the difference in the heterosexual transmission was also observed, being its frequency significantly higher in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). About the finding related to the genotype of the HCV, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the genotype 1a presented higher frequency in the co- infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the viral load of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, the group of the mono infection presented bigger viral load that the group of the co-infection (P=0,0350). Regarding to the level of hepatic fibrosis, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the group of co-infection has a lighter fibrosis that the group of the mono infection (P=0,0009). Regarding to the genetic polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the HLA-G, it was found that the genotype of heterozygosis Del/Ins of 14 pb, presented significant difference in the individuals co-infected by the HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) when compared with the control group. About the SNP +3003, the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, it was showed that the allele +3003T presented a significant higher frequency in the group HCV (P=0,0147); the genotype +3003C/T presented a higher frequency in the control group (P=0,0095); the genotype +3003T/T was bigger in the group HCV (P=0,0095). The comparison between the groups HIV and HCV showed that the frequency of the allele +3003C was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0463); and the genotype +3003T/T presented a bigger frequency in the group (P=0,0494). The frequency of the genotype +3187A/A was bigger in the group HIV/HCV in comparison to the HIV (P=0,0193); and of the +3187A/G was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0187). The genotype +3196C/G presented frequency significantly bigger in the group HIV than in the healthy control (P=0,0213). The UTR-10, in comparison between the groups HIV and control, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV (P=0,0044); when compared the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, frequency was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0300) and in the comparison between the groups HIV and HCV, its frequency was also bigger in the group (P=0,0140). The UTR-4, in the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, revealed a bigger frequency in the control group (P=0,0147). The UTR-9, in comparison of the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Regarding to the clinical data, the presence of the allele T in the position +3035, was significantly associated to bigger viral load of the HCV, above 400.000 copies /mL (P=0,0244). About the types of genotypes of the HCV, the presence of the allele +3027C was associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0109). Additionally, the presence of the genotype C/C in the position +3027 was also significantly associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0015). Still, the allele A of the SNP +3187 was significantly associated with the other genotypes of the HCV, excluding the 1a (P=0,0369). Although the function of the gene HLA-G, is not totally clarified, studies have been developed for better elucidate its function in the physiological contexts, like gestation, and pathological, such as tumours, transplants, infectious and inflammatory diseases. These studies aim to extend the knowledge about the immunological system and contribute for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The results of this study contribute for enhancement of the knowledge about the polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the gene HLA-G, in the co-infection HIV/HCV. As well as, in the improvement of the assistance of nursing that must seek reducing the morbid mortality by the pathology referred. However, there is still a long path to be followed in the comprehension of the immunogenic factors involved in the co-infection by the HIV/HCV