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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Adomian Decomposition Method: Convergence Analysis and Numerical Approximations

Abdelrazec, Ahmed 11 1900 (has links)
We prove convergence of the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) by using the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem for differential equations with analytic vector fields, and obtain a new result on the convergence rate of the ADM. Picard's iterative method is considered for the same class of equations in comparison with the decomposition method. We outline some substantial differences between the two methods and show that the decomposition method converges faster than the Picard method. Several nonlinear differential equations are considered for illustrative purposes and the numerical approximations of their solutions are obtained using MATLAB. The numerical results show how the decomposition method is more effective than the standard ODE solvers. Moreover, we prove convergence of the ADM for the partial differential equations and apply it to the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a localized potential. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
2

Numerical Approximations of Mean-Field-Games

Duisembay, Serikbolsyn 11 1900 (has links)
In this thesis, we present three projects. First, we investigate the numerical approximation of Hamilton-Jacobi equations with the Caputo time-fractional derivative. We introduce an explicit in time discretization of the Caputo derivative and a finite-difference scheme for the approximation of the Hamiltonian. We show that the approximation scheme so obtained is stable under an appropriate condition on the discretization parameters and converges to the unique viscosity solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Also, we study the numerical approximation of a system of PDEs which arises from an optimal control problem for the time-fractional Fokker-Planck equation with time-dependent drift. The system is composed of a backward time-fractional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation and a forward time-fractional Fokker-Planck equation. We approximate Caputo derivatives in the system by means of L1 schemes and the Hamiltonian by finite differences. The scheme for the Fokker-Planck equation is constructed in such a way that the duality structure of the PDE system is preserved on the discrete level. We prove the well-posedness of the scheme and the convergence to the solution of the continuous problem. Finally, we study a particle approximation for one-dimensional first-order Mean-Field-Games with local interactions with planning conditions. Our problem comprises a system of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation coupled with a transport equation. As we are dealing with the planning problem, we prescribe initial and terminal distributions for the transport equation. The particle approximation builds on a semi-discrete variational problem. First, we address the existence and uniqueness of the semi-discrete variational problem. Next, we show that our discretization preserves some conserved quantities. Finally, we prove that the approximation by particle systems preserves displacement convexity. We use this last property to establish uniform estimates for the discrete problem. All results for the discrete problem are illustrated with numerical examples.
3

Analysis of errors and improvements in numerical approximations and methods in secondary mathematics curriculum

Ristroph, Ingrid 12 December 2013 (has links)
This report discusses three topics relating to errors of numerical methods and to improvements of numerical approximations. The introduction connects these topics to the secondary mathematics curriculum. The three chapters which follow develop the three selected topics: improving approximations of irrational numbers, error analysis of numerical integration methods, and discretization versus rounding error in Euler’s Method for solving ordinary differential equations. The conclusion describes specific national secondary mathematical standards and classroom activities relevant to numerical approximations and error analysis. / text
4

Métodos implícitos para a reconstrução de superfícies a partir de nuvens de pontos / Implicit methods for surface reconstruction from point clouds

Polizelli Junior, Valdecir 10 April 2008 (has links)
A reconstrução de superfícies a partir de nuvens de pontos faz parte de um novo paradigma de modelagem em que modelos computacionais para objetos reais são reconstruídos a partir de dados amostrados sobre a superfície dos mesmos. O principal problema que surge nesse contexto é o fato de que não são conhecidas relações de conectividade entre os pontos que compõe a amostra. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são estudar métodos implícitos para a reconstrução de superfícies e propor algumas melhorias pouco exploradas por métodos já existentes. O uso de funções implícitas no contexto da reconstrução conduz a métodos mais robustos em relação a ruídos, no entanto, uma das principais desvantagens de tais métodos está na dificuldade de capturar detalhes finos e sharp features. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho propõe o uso de abordagens adaptativas, tanto na poligonalização de superfícies quanto na aproximação de superfícies. Além disso, questões relativas à robustez das soluções locais e à qualidade da malha também são abordadas. Por fim, o método desenvolvido é acoplado aumsoftware traçador de raios afimde se obterumamaneira de modelar cenas tridimensionais utilizando nuvens de pontos, além dos objetos gráficos tradicionais. Os resultados apresentados mostram que muitas das soluções propostas oferecem um incremento à qualidade dos métodos de reconstrução anteriormente propostos / Surface reconstruction from point clouds is part of a new modeling paradigm in which computational models for real objects are reconstructed from data sampled from their surface. The main problem that arises in this context is the fact that there are no known connectivity relationships amongst the points that compose the sample. The objectives of the present work are to study implicit methods for surface reconstruction and to propose some improvements scarcely explored by previous work. The use of implicit functions in the context of surface reconstruction leads to less noise sensitive methods; however, one major drawback of such methods is the difficulty in capturing fine details and sharp features. Towards this, the present work proposes the use of adaptive approaches, not only in the polygonization but also in the surface approximation. Besides, robustness issues in local solutions and mesh quality are also tackled. Finally, the developed method is embedded in a ray tracer software in order to set a basis for modeling tridimensional scenes using point sets, in addition to traditional graphic objects. The presented results show that a great deal of the proposed solutions offer a quality increase to the reconstruction method previously proposed
5

Métodos implícitos para a reconstrução de superfícies a partir de nuvens de pontos / Implicit methods for surface reconstruction from point clouds

Valdecir Polizelli Junior 10 April 2008 (has links)
A reconstrução de superfícies a partir de nuvens de pontos faz parte de um novo paradigma de modelagem em que modelos computacionais para objetos reais são reconstruídos a partir de dados amostrados sobre a superfície dos mesmos. O principal problema que surge nesse contexto é o fato de que não são conhecidas relações de conectividade entre os pontos que compõe a amostra. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são estudar métodos implícitos para a reconstrução de superfícies e propor algumas melhorias pouco exploradas por métodos já existentes. O uso de funções implícitas no contexto da reconstrução conduz a métodos mais robustos em relação a ruídos, no entanto, uma das principais desvantagens de tais métodos está na dificuldade de capturar detalhes finos e sharp features. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho propõe o uso de abordagens adaptativas, tanto na poligonalização de superfícies quanto na aproximação de superfícies. Além disso, questões relativas à robustez das soluções locais e à qualidade da malha também são abordadas. Por fim, o método desenvolvido é acoplado aumsoftware traçador de raios afimde se obterumamaneira de modelar cenas tridimensionais utilizando nuvens de pontos, além dos objetos gráficos tradicionais. Os resultados apresentados mostram que muitas das soluções propostas oferecem um incremento à qualidade dos métodos de reconstrução anteriormente propostos / Surface reconstruction from point clouds is part of a new modeling paradigm in which computational models for real objects are reconstructed from data sampled from their surface. The main problem that arises in this context is the fact that there are no known connectivity relationships amongst the points that compose the sample. The objectives of the present work are to study implicit methods for surface reconstruction and to propose some improvements scarcely explored by previous work. The use of implicit functions in the context of surface reconstruction leads to less noise sensitive methods; however, one major drawback of such methods is the difficulty in capturing fine details and sharp features. Towards this, the present work proposes the use of adaptive approaches, not only in the polygonization but also in the surface approximation. Besides, robustness issues in local solutions and mesh quality are also tackled. Finally, the developed method is embedded in a ray tracer software in order to set a basis for modeling tridimensional scenes using point sets, in addition to traditional graphic objects. The presented results show that a great deal of the proposed solutions offer a quality increase to the reconstruction method previously proposed
6

[en] ANALYSIS OF THE COMPUTATIONAL COST OF THE MONTE CARLO METHOD: A STOCHASTIC APPROACH APPLIED TO A VIBRATION PROBLEM WITH STICK-SLIP / [pt] ANÁLISE DO CUSTO COMPUTACIONAL DO MÉTODO DE MONTE CARLO: UMA ABORDAGEM ESTOCÁSTICA APLICADA A UM PROBLEMA DE VIBRAÇÕES COM STICK-SLIP

MARIANA GOMES DIAS DOS SANTOS 20 June 2023 (has links)
[pt] Um dos objetivos desta tese é analisar o custo computacional do método de Monte Carlo aplicado a um problema modelo de dinâmica, considerando incertezas na força de atrito. O sistema mecânico a ser estudado é composto por um oscilador de um grau de liberdade que se desloca sobre uma esteira em movimento. Considera-se a existência de atrito seco entre a massa do oscilador e a esteira. Devido a uma descontinuidade na força de atrito, a dinâmica resultante pode ser dividida em duas fases que se alternam, chamadas de stick e slip. Neste estudo, um parâmetro da força de atrito dinâmica é modelado como uma variável aleatória. A propagação de incerteza é estudada por meio da aplicação do método de Monte Carlo, considerando três abordagens diferentes para calcular aproximações da resposta dos problemas de valor inicial que modelam a dinâmica do problema: NV) aproximações numéricas calculadas usando método de Runge-Kutta de quarta e quinta ordens com passo de integração variável; NF) aproximações numéricas calculadas usando método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem com passo de integração fixo; AN) aproximação analítica obtida com o método de múltiplas escalas. Nas abordagens NV e NF, para cada valor de parâmetro, uma aproximação numérica foi calculada. Já para a AN, apenas uma aproximação analítica foi calculada e avaliada para os diferentes valores usados. Entre as variáveis aleatórias de interesse associadas ao custo computacional do método de Monte Carlo, encontram-se o tempo de execução e o espaço em disco consumido. Devido à propagação de incertezas, a resposta do sistema é um processo estocástico com uma sequência aleatória de fases de stick e slip. Essa sequência pode ser caracterizada pelas seguintes variáveis aleatórias: instantes de transição entre as fases de stick e slip, suas durações e o número de fases. Para estudar as variáveis associadas ao custo computacional e ao processo estocástico foram construídos modelos estatísticos, histogramas normalizados e gráficos de dispersão. O objetivo é estudar a dependência entre as variáveis do processo estocástico e o custo computacional. Porém, a construção destas análises não é simples devido à dimensão do problema e à impossibilidade de visualização das distribuições conjuntas de vetores aleatórios de três ou mais dimensões. / [en] One of the objectives of this thesis is to analyze the computational cost of the Monte Carlo method applied to a toy problem concerning the dynamics of a mechanical system with uncertainties in the friction force. The system is composed by an oscillator placed over a moving belt. The existence of dry friction between the two elements in contact is considered. Due to a discontinuity in the frictional force, the resulting dynamics can be divided into two alternating phases, called stick and slip. In this study, a parameter of the dynamic friction force is modeled as a random variable. Uncertainty propagation is analyzed by applying the Monte Carlo method, considering three different strategies to compute approximations to the initial value problems that model the system s dynamics: NV) numerical approximations computed with the Runge-Kutta method of 4th and 5th orders, with variable integration time-step; NF) numerical approximations computed with the Runge-Kutta method of 4th order, with a fixed integration time-step; AN) analytical approximation obtained with the multiple scale method. In the NV and NF strategies, for each parameter value, a numerical approximation was calculated, whereas for the AN strategy, only one analytical approximation was calculated and evaluated for the different values of parameters considered. The run-time and the storage are among the random variables of interest associated with the computational cost of the Monte Carlo method. Due to uncertainty propagation, the system response is a stochastic process given by a random sequence of stick and slip phases. This sequence can be characterized by the following random variables: the transition instants between the stick and slip phases, their durations and the number of phases. To study the random processes and the variables related to the computational costs, statistical models, normalized histograms and scatterplots were built. Afterwards, a joint analysis was performed to study the dependece between the variables of the random process and the computational cost. However, the construction of these analyses is not a simple task due to the impossibility of viewing the distributionto of joint distributions of random vectors of three or more.

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