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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hybrid photonic crystal nanobeam cavities: design, fabrication and analysis

Mukherjee, Ishita 07 1900 (has links)
Photonic cavities are able to confine light to a volume of the order of wavelength of light and this ability can be described in terms of the cavity’s quality factor, which in turn, is proportional to the confinement time in units of optical period. This property of the photonic cavities have been found to be very useful in cavity quantum electrodynamics, for e.g., controlling emission from strongly coupled single photon sources like quantum dots. The smallest possible mode volume attainable by a dielectric cavity, however, poses a limit to the degree of coupling and therefore to the Purcell effect. As metal nanoparticles with plasmonic properties can have mode volumes far below the diffraction limit of light, these can be used to achieve stronger coupling, but the lossy nature of the metals can result in extremely poor quality factors. Hence a hybrid approach, where a high-quality dielectric cavity is combined with a low-quality metal nanoparticle, is being actively pursued. Such structures have been shown to have the potential to preserve the best of both worlds. This thesis describes the design, fabrication and characterization of hybrid plasmonic – photonic nanobeam cavities. Experimentally, we were able to achieve a quality factor of 1200 with the hybrid approach, which suggests that the results are promising for future single photon emission studies. It was found that modeling the behaviour (resonant frequencies, quality factors) of these hybrid cavities with conventional computation methods like FDTD can be tedious, for e.g., a comprehensive study of the electromagnetic fields inside a hybrid photonic nanobeam cavity has been found to take up to 48 hours with FDTD. Hence, we also present an alternate method of analysis using perturbation theory, showing good agreement with FDTD. / Graduate
2

Assessment of optical coherence tomography for metrology applications in high-scattering ceramic materials

Su, Rong January 2012 (has links)
Large-scale and cost-effective manufacturing of ceramic micro devices based on tape stacking requires the development of inspection systems to perform high-resolution in-process quality control of embedded manufactured cavities, metal structures and defects. In this work, alumina ceramic samples are evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) operating at 1.3μm wavelength and some dimensional data are obtained by dedicated image processing and segmentation. Layer thicknesses can be measured and laser-machined channels can be verified embedded at around 100μm depth. Moreover, detection of internal defects is enabled. Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations are employed to analyze the abilities of OCT in imaging of the embedded channels. The light scattering mechanism is studied for the alumina ceramics, and different scattering origins and models are discussed. The scattering parameters required as input data for simulations are evaluated from the integrating sphere measurements of collimated and diffuse transmittance spectra using a reconstruction algorithm based on refined diffusion approximation approach. / <p>QC 20120628</p>
3

Biomedical applications of polarimetric imaging contrast. Initial studies for scattering media and human tissues

Antonelli, Maria Rosaria 21 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
L'amélioration de la visualisation in vivo des lésions précancéreuse (dysplasies) du col utérin est essentielle pour mieux identifier les zones à biopsier et pour optimiser la définition des limites d'exérèse chirurgicale. Dans ce but nous étudions une nouvelle technique d'imagerie polarimétrique en rétrodiffusion, que nous avons mise en oeuvre sur des échantillons ex vivo dans des configurations expérimentales variées afin d'optimiser le diagnostic in vivo. Comme cette optimisation passe par la compréhension des contrastes polarimétriques observés, nous avons réalisé de nombreuses simulations de la propagation de lumière polarisée dans des structures multicouche représentatives des tissus. Ces structures comprennent typiquement une couche comportant des diffuseurs dans une matrice homogène et représentant l'épithélium ou le tissu conjonctif superficiel, et un substrat lambertien totalement dépolarisant pour les couches plus profondes. Ces simulations ont été effectuées au moyen d'un code Monte Carlo que nous avons adapté à notre problématique. Nous avons ainsi montré que la contribution des noyaux cellulaires est très faible en rétrodiffusion. Pour le tissu conjonctif, les fibres de collagène, modélisées par des diffuseurs sphériques de 200 nm de rayon, donnent une contribution plus importante que les noyaux, mais ne reproduisent pas la réponse polarimétrique de type Rayleigh observée dans tous les tissus étudiés, qu'ils soient sains ou pathologiques. En revanche, l'inclusion de diffuseurs de taille nettement inférieure à la longueur d'onde, modélisés par des sphères de 50 nm, permet de reproduire cette réponse de manière très stable. Ces diffuseurs correspondent a priori aux protéines intracellulaires. Dans le cadre de ce modèle, les contrastes observés entre tissus sains et cancéreux s'expliquent essentiellement par une variation de la concentration de ces petits diffuseurs. Ce résultat, encore préliminaire, suggère que l'imagerie polarimétrique en rétrodiffusion peut être sensible non seulement à la morphologie, mais également à l'état physiologique du tissu, ce qui peut s'avérer important pour la détection sélective des dysplasies.

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