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Les travaux de recherches menés dans cette thèse concernent la modélisation et l’optimisation de l’alternateur synchrone à griffes utilisé dans les véhicules mild-hybrid. Ce dernier voit son utilisation élargie à la fonction d’assistance de traction au moteur thermique et de récupération d’énergie dans les phases de freinage. La structure spéciale du rotor rend nécessaire l’utilisation de modèles éléments finis 3D pour modéliser finement les effets tridimensionnels. Ces derniers requièrent une utilisation intensive des ressources informatiques (RAM, temps CPU) qu’il est crucial de réduire pour envisager une démarche d’optimisation de dispositifs magnétiques. Dans ce contexte, l’utilisation d’une plateforme de modélisation ouverte Gmsh et GetDP, permettant l’implémentation de géométries et de formulations appropriées, a abouti au développement de modèles précis et suffisamment rapides pour être intégrés dans des algorithmes d’optimisation. L’originalité de cette démarche de modélisation consiste à hybrider une approche numérique (éléments finis 3D) et une approche semi-analytique (réseau de perméances) de sorte que l’usage des éléments finis 3D soit réduit aux zones où le champ magnétique est tridimensionnel. Enfin, le choix d’un algorithme d’optimisation adapté aux modèles numériques (boîte noire à fort coût d’évaluation) a permis de développer un outil de pré-dimensionnement et de dimensionnement des machines synchrones à griffes en vue de l’obtention d’une géométrie optimisée en réponse à un cahier des charges industriel / The research work carried out in this thesis concerns the modeling and optimization of claw-pole synchronous alternator used in mild-hybrid vehicles. The use of this machine is extended to assistit traction engine and energy recovery in the braking phases. The special structure of the rotor makes it necessary to use 3D finite element models to analyse efficiently the three-dimensional effects, which requires an intensive use of computing resources (RAM, CPU time). The latter must be reduced in order to consider an optimization process on such magnetic devices. In this context, the use of a Gmsh and GetDP, open modeling platform, led to the development of precise models, fast enough to be integrated into optimization algorithms. The originality of this modeling approach is based on the hybridization of a numerical approach (3D finite elements) and a semi-analytical approach (permeance network) so that the use of 3D finite elements is reduced to areas where The magnetic field is three-dimensional. Finally, the choice of an optimization algorithm adapted to numerical models (black box with high evaluation cost) allows to develop a pre-design and a design tools for claw-pole synchronous machines in order to obtain an optimized geometry achieving an industrial specification

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thesis.pdf: 2079516 bytes, checksum: 3232c130f07c34bec216c5c6008d6256 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico / In this dissertation, a hypothetical aquifer that has been contaminated by the dumping of toxic substances is modeled. The remediation strategy considered is based on withdrawal, which requires the removal of contaminated groundwater from the aquifer by pumping. The design of such a system involves the choice of the number of extracting wells to be installed, their locations and pumping rates,with the goal of maximizing the amount of contaminant extracted, while minimizing the cost of the system. To find the optimal solution, a numerical simulation optimization parallel system is used, which is composed by three subsystems: (a) numerical simulator - numerically solves the mathematical model ofthe contaminated aquifer; (b) optimizer - implements the genetic algorithm method to search for optimal locations and pumping rates for the extracting wells; (c)distributed computing system - manages the distribuition and parallel execution of the numerical simulations. Experiments were done in many different computational environments: homogeneous, heterogeneous, in large scale, using non dedicated computers, connected via local network, and computational grids, and their results demonstrate the methodology s applicability. / Neste trabalho, modela-se a ocorrência de contaminação de um aquífero hipotético por derramamento de substância tóxica e analisa-se a solução de descontaminação baseada na retirada do contaminante através de bombeamento feito por poços de extração. O projeto do sistema de remediação envolve a escolha do número de poços a serem instalados, suas localizações e vazões de modo a maximizar a quantidade de poluente extraída e ao mesmo tempo minimizar o custo total do sistema. A busca da solução ótima é feita de forma automática, através de um sistema paralelo de otimização por simulação numérica, composto por três subsistemas: (a) simulador numérico - resolve numericamente o modelo matemático do aquífero contaminado; (b) otimizador automático - implementa o método dos algoritmos genéticos para busca das localizações e vazões ótimas dos poços de extração; (c)sistema computacional distribuído - gerencia a distribuição e a execução paralela das simulações numéricas. Foram feitos experimentos em vários ambientes computacionais: homogêneo, heterogêneo, em grande escala, usando máquinas não dedicadas, interligadas por rede local e ambiente de grade, e seus resultados demonstram a aplicabilidade da metodologia.

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e correlacionar as propriedades mecânicas do concreto e da argamassa de assentamento com o comportamento estrutural de blocos vazados de concreto, prismas e paredes, por meio de modelagem física e numérica. Realizou-se detalhada investigação experimental, recorrendo à premissa metodológica de se utilizar um mesmo concreto, de consistência plástica, para a moldagem de blocos vazados e corpos-de-prova cilíndricos, para assegurar propriedades idênticas dos materiais em cada série de ensaios. Analisou-se o efeito de confinamento que se apresenta nos ensaios de blocos isolados, o qual induz uma distribuição não-uniforme de deformações e acarreta aumento da sua capacidade resistente em relação à resistência à compressão do concreto. Em ensaios nos quais se reduziu o efeito de confinamento, constatou-se que os blocos apresentam menor capacidade resistente e alteração do modo de ruína, decorrente da distribuição mais uniforme das deformações, similar àquela que se observa nos blocos centrais dos prismas e paredes. Analisou-se também a influência do efeito de confinamento e do processo de cura das juntas de argamassa e se associou parâmetros indicativos do seu comportamento à capacidade resistente e ao modo de ruína de prismas e paredes. As propriedades mecânicas dos materiais, obtidas experimentalmente, foram implementadas em um modelo numérico de elementos finitos, que se mostrou capaz de representar o comportamento dos diversos elementos de alvenaria submetidos à compressão, com boa predição da resistência, deformabilidade e modo de ruína. Com base nos resultados numéricos e experimentais, estabeleceu-se um modelo de interpretação da distribuição de tensões e deformações nos blocos vazados de concreto, o que resultou na recomendação de um procedimento para determinação de sua rigidez axial. Associou-se também o efeito da resistência e da deformabilidade da argamassa no comportamento estrutural dos prismas e paredes. Correlações e formulações algébricas foram estabelecidas para análise do comportamento e previsão quantitativa da resistência e da deformabilidade de blocos, prismas e paredes. / This work aims to identify and correlate the mechanical properties of concrete and bedding mortar to the structural behavior of hollow concrete blocks, prisms and walls, by mean of physical and numerical modeling. A detailed experimental investigation was carried out by assuming as a premise the use of plastic consistency concrete to produce hollow blocks and cylindrical samples. This was done to assure the same material properties in each test series. Confinement effect in block compression tests causes a non-uniform strain distribution through face-shells and webs. This effect induces an increase of the block ultimate load. Modified block tests by reducing the confinement effect were performed. The results showed that confinement reduction brings a more uniform strain distribution, which is similar to the observed one in the central blocks of prisms and walls. A decrease of compressive strength and changes the failure mode were also evidenced. Confinement effect and influence of water loss during the curing of mortar joints were also considered. Indicative parameters about bedding mortar behavior were obtained and the resistant capacity and the failure mode of prisms and walls were associated to them. The mechanical properties of materials obtained in tests were implemented in a finite elements numerical model to analyze the behaviour of masonry elements under compression. The numerical analysis gave good predictions of strength, deformability and failure mode. Based on the numerical and experimental results, a stress and strain distribution model was realized, which enabled an experimental procedure for the determination of the block axial stiffness. Correlations and algebraic formulation were proposed for the behavior analysis and quantitative evaluation of strength and deformability of blocks, prisms and walls.

<p>The coupled transport of water and heat, involving freezing and thawing, in the road structure and its immediate environment is important to consider for optimal design and maintenance of roads and when assessing solute transport, of e.g. de-icing salt, from roads. The objective of this study was to develop mechanistic models, and measurement techniques, suitable to describe and understand water flow and heat flux in road structures exposed to a cold climate. </p><p>Freezing and thawing was accounted for by implementing new routines in two numerical models (HYDRUS1D/2D). The sensitivity of the model output to changes in parameter values and operational hydrological data was investigated by uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The effect of rainfall event characteristics and asphalt fractures on the subsurface flow pattern was investigated by scenario modelling. The performance of water content reflectometers (WCR), measuring water content, was evaluated using measurements in two road structure materials. A numerical model was used to simulate WCR sensor response. The freezing/thawing routines were stable and provided results in agreement with laboratory measurements. Frost depth, thawing period, and freezing-induced water redistribution in a model road was greatly affected by groundwater level and type of subgrade. The simulated subsurface flow patterns corresponded well with published field observations. A new method was successful in enabling the application of time domain reflectometer (TDR) calibration equations to WCR output. The observed distortion in sampling volume for one of the road materials could be explained by the WCR sensor numerical model. Soil physical, hydrological, and hydraulic modules proved successful in simulating the coupled transport of water and heat in and on the road structure. It was demonstrated in this thesis that numerical models can improve the interpretation and explanation of measurements. The HYDRUS model was an accurate and pedagogical tool, clearly useful in road design and management.</p>

The coupled transport of water and heat, involving freezing and thawing, in the road structure and its immediate environment is important to consider for optimal design and maintenance of roads and when assessing solute transport, of e.g. de-icing salt, from roads. The objective of this study was to develop mechanistic models, and measurement techniques, suitable to describe and understand water flow and heat flux in road structures exposed to a cold climate. Freezing and thawing was accounted for by implementing new routines in two numerical models (HYDRUS1D/2D). The sensitivity of the model output to changes in parameter values and operational hydrological data was investigated by uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The effect of rainfall event characteristics and asphalt fractures on the subsurface flow pattern was investigated by scenario modelling. The performance of water content reflectometers (WCR), measuring water content, was evaluated using measurements in two road structure materials. A numerical model was used to simulate WCR sensor response. The freezing/thawing routines were stable and provided results in agreement with laboratory measurements. Frost depth, thawing period, and freezing-induced water redistribution in a model road was greatly affected by groundwater level and type of subgrade. The simulated subsurface flow patterns corresponded well with published field observations. A new method was successful in enabling the application of time domain reflectometer (TDR) calibration equations to WCR output. The observed distortion in sampling volume for one of the road materials could be explained by the WCR sensor numerical model. Soil physical, hydrological, and hydraulic modules proved successful in simulating the coupled transport of water and heat in and on the road structure. It was demonstrated in this thesis that numerical models can improve the interpretation and explanation of measurements. The HYDRUS model was an accurate and pedagogical tool, clearly useful in road design and management.

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e correlacionar as propriedades mecânicas do concreto e da argamassa de assentamento com o comportamento estrutural de blocos vazados de concreto, prismas e paredes, por meio de modelagem física e numérica. Realizou-se detalhada investigação experimental, recorrendo à premissa metodológica de se utilizar um mesmo concreto, de consistência plástica, para a moldagem de blocos vazados e corpos-de-prova cilíndricos, para assegurar propriedades idênticas dos materiais em cada série de ensaios. Analisou-se o efeito de confinamento que se apresenta nos ensaios de blocos isolados, o qual induz uma distribuição não-uniforme de deformações e acarreta aumento da sua capacidade resistente em relação à resistência à compressão do concreto. Em ensaios nos quais se reduziu o efeito de confinamento, constatou-se que os blocos apresentam menor capacidade resistente e alteração do modo de ruína, decorrente da distribuição mais uniforme das deformações, similar àquela que se observa nos blocos centrais dos prismas e paredes. Analisou-se também a influência do efeito de confinamento e do processo de cura das juntas de argamassa e se associou parâmetros indicativos do seu comportamento à capacidade resistente e ao modo de ruína de prismas e paredes. As propriedades mecânicas dos materiais, obtidas experimentalmente, foram implementadas em um modelo numérico de elementos finitos, que se mostrou capaz de representar o comportamento dos diversos elementos de alvenaria submetidos à compressão, com boa predição da resistência, deformabilidade e modo de ruína. Com base nos resultados numéricos e experimentais, estabeleceu-se um modelo de interpretação da distribuição de tensões e deformações nos blocos vazados de concreto, o que resultou na recomendação de um procedimento para determinação de sua rigidez axial. Associou-se também o efeito da resistência e da deformabilidade da argamassa no comportamento estrutural dos prismas e paredes. Correlações e formulações algébricas foram estabelecidas para análise do comportamento e previsão quantitativa da resistência e da deformabilidade de blocos, prismas e paredes. / This work aims to identify and correlate the mechanical properties of concrete and bedding mortar to the structural behavior of hollow concrete blocks, prisms and walls, by mean of physical and numerical modeling. A detailed experimental investigation was carried out by assuming as a premise the use of plastic consistency concrete to produce hollow blocks and cylindrical samples. This was done to assure the same material properties in each test series. Confinement effect in block compression tests causes a non-uniform strain distribution through face-shells and webs. This effect induces an increase of the block ultimate load. Modified block tests by reducing the confinement effect were performed. The results showed that confinement reduction brings a more uniform strain distribution, which is similar to the observed one in the central blocks of prisms and walls. A decrease of compressive strength and changes the failure mode were also evidenced. Confinement effect and influence of water loss during the curing of mortar joints were also considered. Indicative parameters about bedding mortar behavior were obtained and the resistant capacity and the failure mode of prisms and walls were associated to them. The mechanical properties of materials obtained in tests were implemented in a finite elements numerical model to analyze the behaviour of masonry elements under compression. The numerical analysis gave good predictions of strength, deformability and failure mode. Based on the numerical and experimental results, a stress and strain distribution model was realized, which enabled an experimental procedure for the determination of the block axial stiffness. Correlations and algebraic formulation were proposed for the behavior analysis and quantitative evaluation of strength and deformability of blocks, prisms and walls.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis and design optimization of a speaker cabinet (enclosure) produced by the additive technology of 3D sand printing. The introductory part is devoted to the theory, both in the field of noise, vibration and the method of their calculations, as well as the theory of speakers and their systems. Numerical and experimental modal analysis is performed, which were compared to determine the mechanical properties of the new material, including material damping. This is followed by experimental and numerical harmonic analysis, with output in the form of a numerical model describing the behaviour of the structure during its excitation. The data are compared with a modal analysis of the internal acoustic space and the critical shapes and their frequencies are determined. At the end of the work, construction modifications are proposed to increase the rigidity of enclosures, the influence of which is evaluated on the created numerical models.

The work analyses formation of deformations of RF magnetic field within the environment of electrically and magnetically conductive materials. An analytic solution of the problem is created and the problems of numerical modeling are solved. In theoretical way, the work also familiarize with the use of magnetic resonance imaging method - the spin echo method (SE), with its features and possibilities of its use within the aim of the project. This method is used for experimental measurements of electrically conductive materials in the NMR laboratory in ISI AV Czech Republic. Results of the simulation are compared with results of the experimental measurement.

Forecasting time series data is crucial in a number of domains such as supply chain management and display advertisement. In these areas, the time series data to forecast is typically organized along multiple dimensions leading to a high number of time series that need to be forecasted. Most current approaches focus only on selection and optimizing a forecast model for a single time series. In this paper, we explore how we can utilize time series at different dimensions to increase forecast accuracy and, optionally, reduce model maintenance overhead. Solving this problem is challenging due to the large space of possibilities and possible high model creation costs. We propose a model configuration advisor that automatically determines the best set of models, a model configuration, for a given multi-dimensional data set. Our approach is based on a general process that iteratively examines more and more models and simultaneously controls the search space depending on the data set, model type and available hardware. The final model configuration is integrated into F2DB, an extension of PostgreSQL, that processes forecast queries and maintains the configuration as new data arrives. We comprehensively evaluated our approach on real and synthetic data sets. The evaluation shows that our approach significantly increases forecast query accuracy while ensuring low model costs.