by Maria Wan-Yin Lau Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 121-133. / SUMMARY --- p.1 / INTRODUCTION --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- IRON METABOLISM --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1 --- EXCRETION --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- ABSORPTION --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- IRON TRANSPORT AND STORAGE --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- TRANSFERRIN --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- STORAGE --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH IRON DEFICIENCY OR OVERLOAD --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- IMPAIRED ABSORPTION --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- INCREASED IRON REQUIREMENTS --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- INCREASED IRON LOSS --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- IRON OVERLOAD --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- INCREASED IRON ABSORPTION --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- PARENTERAL IRON OVERLOAD --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- FOCAL IRON DEPOSITION --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- NEONATAL HEMOCHROMATOSIS --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- IRON STATUS IN HONG KONG POPULATION --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- PREVALENCE OF IRON OVERLOAD IN VARIOUS REGIONS --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- IRON STORAGE DISEASE --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- ASSESSMENT OF IRON OVERLOAD --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- SERUM PARAMETER --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- SERUM IRON --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- TRANSFERRIN SATURATION --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- SERUM FERRITIN --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- NON-SERUM PARAMETER --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- HLA TYPING --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- HEPATIC IRON CONCENTRATION --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- HISTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.3(i) --- HEPATIC MORPHOLOGY --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURE --- p.38 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.39 / Chapter METHOD 1: --- HAEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAIN --- p.43 / Chapter METHOD 2: --- PERLS' PRUSSIAN BLUE --- p.44 / Chapter METHOD 3: --- ROWE'S HISTOLOGICAL GRADING SYSTEM OF IRON DEPOSITION --- p.45 / Chapter METHOD 4: --- SEARLE'S IRON GRADING SYSTEM --- p.47 / Chapter METHOD 5: --- PARAFFIN REMOVAL --- p.48 / Chapter METHOD 6: --- CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF IRON CONCENTRATION BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY --- p.49 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- RESULTS --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1 --- CHEMICAL DETERMINATION --- p.50 / Chapter 5.2 --- CONTROL GROUP --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3 --- HISTOLOGICAL STUDY --- p.54 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- NEONATES AND INFANTS --- p.55 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENCE --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- ADULT IRON STORAGE --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- SEX DISTRIBUTION --- p.57 / Chapter 5.5 --- AGE DISTRIBUTION --- p.58 / Chapter 5.6 --- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SIDEROSIS IN HEPATOCYTES AND KUPFFER CELLS --- p.58 / Chapter 5.7 --- ASSOCIATION OF HEPATOCYTIC IRON WITH FIBROSIS --- p.59 / Chapter 5.8 --- SYSTEMIC TISSUES --- p.59 / Chapter 5. 11 --- HEPATOCYTIC IRON DETERMINED BY SEARLE'S METHOD --- p.61 / TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.63 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- DISCUSSION --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1 --- CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF IRON IN THE LIVER --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2 --- IRON CONTENT OF NEONATES --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3 --- IRON CONTENT OF THE ADOLESCENCE AND CHILDREN GROUP --- p.106 / Chapter 6.4 --- IRON CONTENT OF THE ADULT GROUP --- p.106 / Chapter 6.5 --- RELATIONSHIP OF SIGNIFICANT IRON DEPOSITION WITH SEX --- p.108 / Chapter 6.6 --- ASSOCIATION OF SIFNIFICANT IRON DEPOSITION WITH AGE --- p.108 / Chapter 6.7 --- MODE OF IRON DISTRIBUTION IN THE LIVER --- p.109 / Chapter 6.8 --- ASSOCIATION WITH FIBROSIS --- p.111 / Chapter 6.9 --- RELATIONSHIP WITH SYSTEMIC TISSUES --- p.112 / Chapter 6.10 --- THE CONTROL GROUP --- p.114 / Chapter 6.11 --- SEARLE'S IRON GRADING --- p.115 / Chapter 6.12 --- SIDEROSIS IN THE HONG KONG POPULATION --- p.116 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONCLUSION --- p.119 / REFERENCES --- p.121

Chung Mei-lan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-124). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Declaration --- p.v / Acknowledgment --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables & Graphs --- p.xi / Chapter 1. --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Age-Associated Changes in Nutritional Status in the Elderly --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Body Composition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Nutritional Requirements --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Energy requirement in the elderly --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Protein requirement in the elderly --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Vitamin and minerals requirement in the elderly --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3. --- Food Intake --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Biobehavioral factors --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Social factors --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Psychological factors --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Physical factors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.5. --- Medical factors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4. --- Age-Related Changes in Gastrointestinal Tract --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Energy Expenditure in the Elderly --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1. --- Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TEE) --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2. --- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Mechanisms Leading to a Decrease in FFM Adjusted BMR --- p.15 / Chapter (i) --- Sex --- p.15 / Chapter (ii) --- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Activity --- p.16 / Chapter (iii) --- Physical Activity --- p.17 / Chapter (iv) --- Body Weight --- p.17 / Chapter (v) --- Hormones --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3. --- Diet-Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4. --- Energy Costs of Physical Activity --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methods for the Measurements of Energy Expenditure --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1. --- Direct Calorimetry --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Principle of Direct Calorimetry --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Isothermal calorimetry --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Gradient-layer direct calorimetry --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Calorimetry --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2. --- Indirect Calorimetry --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Principle of Indirect Calorimetry --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Whole body indirect calorimetry --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- "Indirect calorimetry: ventilated hood system, a face mask, or mouthpiece" --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Indirect Calorimetry --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3. --- The Doubly-Labeled Water Method --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Principle --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4. --- The Labeled Bicarbonate Method --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Principle of Isotope Dilution Method --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Principle of Traditional Labeled HC03 Method --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Labeled Bicarbonate-Urea Method --- p.34 / Chapter I. --- Calculations --- p.35 / Chapter A. --- Determination of energy equivalent of CO2 --- p.35 / Chapter B. --- Relationship between specific activity of urea and specific activity of CO2 --- p.35 / Chapter C. --- Fixation of infused label in the body --- p.36 / Chapter D. --- Calculation of CO2 production from the specific 3 activity of urinary urea --- p.6 / Chapter E. --- Two assumptions in labeled bicarbonate-urea method --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.4. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Labeled Bicarbonate-Urea Method --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5. --- Heart Rate Monitoring --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Principle --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.38 / Chapter 3.6. --- Activity Monitoring --- p.39 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- Principle --- p.39 / Chapter 3.6.2. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.39 / Chapter 3.7. --- Activity Diaries --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7.1. --- Retrospective activity questionnaires --- p.40 / Chapter I. --- Principle --- p.40 / Chapter II. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7.2. --- Current diary method --- p.41 / Chapter I. --- Principle --- p.41 / Chapter II. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.42 / Chapter 3.7.3. --- Time-and-motion study --- p.42 / Chapter I. --- Principle --- p.42 / Chapter II. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Nutritional Status and Energy Expenditure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1. --- Nutritional Status --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Body weight --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Fat-free mass (FFM) --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2. --- REE --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3. --- DIT --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4. --- TEE --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5. --- Nutrition Repletion by Caloric Supplement --- p.48 / Chapter 2. --- Objectives --- p.50 / Chapter 3. --- Subject and Method --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1. --- Part A: Subject and Methods I --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Subjects --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Methods --- p.51 / Chapter I. --- Anthropometric Assessment --- p.51 / Chapter II. --- Nutrient Intake --- p.52 / Chapter III. --- Clinical Assessment --- p.52 / Chapter IV. --- Energy Expenditure --- p.53 / Chapter V. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.53 / Chapter VI. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2. --- Part B: Subject and Methods II --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2. --- Subjects --- p.55 / Chapter I. --- Patients --- p.55 / Chapter II. --- Control subjects --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Methods --- p.56 / Measurement of TEE by Labeled Bicarbonate-Urea Method --- p.56 / Chapter I. --- Study Protocol --- p.56 / Chapter Figure 6: --- Study protocol in Hospital --- p.57 / Chapter II. --- Clinical Protocol --- p.58 / Chapter A. --- Preparing the infusion --- p.58 / Chapter B. --- "Inserting the subcutaneous cannula, and starting the infusion" --- p.58 / Chapter C. --- Urine collection --- p.59 / Chapter D. --- Blood sample --- p.59 / Chapter III. --- Laboratory Procedures --- p.60 / Chapter A. --- Measuring the radioactivity of the infused bicarbonate solution --- p.60 / Chapter B. --- Measuring of specific activity of urea --- p.60 / Chapter (i) --- Titration of hyamine hydroxide solution --- p.60 / Chapter (ii) --- Urine radioactivity quantification --- p.61 / Chapter (1) --- Removal of dissolved CO2 from urine --- p.61 / Chapter (2) --- Determination of specific activity of C02 --- p.62 / Chapter (a) --- Principle --- p.62 / Chapter (b) --- Laboratory procedures for the determination of specific activity of urea --- p.62 / Chapter IV. --- Measurement in Hospital --- p.63 / Chapter A. --- Anthropometry --- p.63 / Chapter B. --- Indirect calorimetry --- p.63 / Chapter (i) --- Principle --- p.63 / Chapter (ii) --- Measurement of REE --- p.64 / Chapter (iii) --- Measurement of DIT --- p.65 / Chapter C. --- Food supply and dietary record during the study --- p.65 / Chapter D. --- Record of physical activity in rehabilitation program --- p.66 / Chapter E. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.67 / Chapter V. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.67 / Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1. --- Results of Part A Study --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Anthropometry --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Nutrient Intake --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Caloric Balance --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.4. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2. --- Results of Part B Study --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Anthropometric Data --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- REE --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- DIT --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Nutrient Intake --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.5. --- TEE --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.6. --- Caloric Balance --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.7. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3. --- Table 1-1 --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4. --- Table 2-1 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5. --- Graph1 --- p.100 / Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1. --- Anthropometry in COPD patients --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2. --- Caloric and Nutrient intake in COPD patients --- p.105 / Chapter 5.3. --- Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) --- p.107 / Chapter 5.4. --- Diet-Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) --- p.108 / Chapter 5.5. --- Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TEE) --- p.108 / Chapter 5.6. --- Caloric Balance --- p.109 / Chapter 5.7. --- Limitation of this Study --- p.112 / Chapter 5.7.1. --- 24-hrs dietary recall --- p.112 / Chapter 5.7.2. --- Bicarbonate-urea method --- p.113 / Chapter 5.7.3. --- Anthropometry of community healthy elderly --- p.113 / Chapter 5.8. --- Recommendations --- p.114 / Chapter 5.8.1. --- Anthropometry monitoring in COPD patients --- p.114 / Chapter 5.8.2. --- Caloric supplements --- p.114 / Chapter 5.8.3. --- Physical activity in COPD patients --- p.115 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.117 / Chapter 7. --- References --- p.118 / Chapter 8. --- Appendix I --- p.125 / Chapter A. --- Calculation of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) --- p.125 / Chapter B. --- Sample of Calculation of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in Part B of the Study --- p.129 / Chapter 9. --- Appendix II - Equations --- p.133 / Chapter 10. --- Appendix III - Flow Calibration --- p.136

Chan Suk-mei. / "October 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [171]-188). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.