This study was to investigate the treatment of paraquat-containing solutions by advanced oxidation processes (denoted by AOPs). The operation parameters conducted in semi-batch reactor were as follows: the effect of ozone dose, pH and H2O2 concentration on conversion of paraquat by adding O3, UV, O3/H2O2, UV/H2O2 and UV/O3/H2O2. Paraquat concentration: 10 ppm and 20 ppm, ozone dose: 45 g/hr and 105 g/hr, and H2O2 concentration: 0,07 g/l, 0.71 g/l and 1.127 g/l were tested. In the first stage of pre-test, the purpose was to observe the decomposition of paraquat under various pH in order to compare the conversions by O3 and by O2, and to select the optimal pH in above AOPs. The performances of AOPs for treating paraquat-containing solutions were found in sequence as follows: O3/H2O2, O3, UV/O3, UV/H2O2/O3, UV/H2O2 and UV. The process of O3/H2O2 not only could remove higher concentration of paraquat but also had to need a shorter residence time. The effect of parameters on the removal of paraquat by each AOPs were discussed. The kinetics of AOPs in treatment of paraquat-containing solutions was confirmed by using half-life test. Except UV and UV/H2O2 processes nearing zero order, the apparent reaction order of O3, UV/O3, UV/O3/H2O2 and O3/H2O2 were obtained to be one. Based on the removal and cost analysis, O3/H2O2 (O3 = 45 g/hr, H2O2 dose = 0.71 g/l) was the best process in treating paraquat solutions for the low energy and economic cost. As for the O3 and UV/O3 processes, we also recommended to be yours truly options.

This study was to investigate the removal efficiency and the feasibility of containing-EDTA solutions by O3 and O3/UV, advanced oxidation processes (denoted by AOPs). The operation parameters conducted in semi-batch reactor were as follows: ozone dose, pH, temperature and initial concentration of EDTA. The best mineralization and COD removal was found at pH= 9 when the pH values in O3 process was controlled at 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Addition of UV in O3 process for treating solutions containing EDTA was found not increasing the reaction rate but raising the COD and mineralization efficiency. In O3 process, the reaction rate was proportional to the ozone dose, it caused a higher mineralization. The higher the initial concentration of EDTA, the lower reaction rate, and the decreasing the mineralization was. Changing the temperature in reaction process was not obviously affected the removal of EDTA due to the lower activated energy found in O3 process. In O3/UV process, EDTA was decomposed very fast, but it still could not be mineralized the intermediates completely. The concentration of nitrate formed in this process was low. It is probably for high energy NH-containing bonds which is not easy break down by O3/UV. Thus, the major reactions in this process are the break of C-N bond, and followed by the break of C-H bond.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19372号 / 工博第4117号 / 新制||工||1635(附属図書館) / 32386 / 新制||工||1635 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 禎彦, 教授 田中 宏明, 教授 米田 稔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>Cilj&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; ove&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; je&nbsp; utvrđivanje&nbsp; efekata&nbsp; različitih<br />oksidacionih procesa na bazi ozona, vodonik-peroksida i UV zračenja na sadržaj i reaktivnost prirodnih&nbsp; organskih&nbsp; materija&nbsp; (POM)&nbsp; u&nbsp; različitim&nbsp; vodenim&nbsp; matriksima.&nbsp; Ispitivanja&nbsp; su sprovedena&nbsp; na&nbsp; a)&nbsp; podzemnoj&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; sa&nbsp; teritorije&nbsp; Kikinde&nbsp; i&nbsp; Temerina&nbsp; (prirodni&nbsp; matriks)&nbsp; i&nbsp; b) sintetičkom&nbsp; vodenom&nbsp; matriksu&nbsp; (rastvoru&nbsp; komercijalno&nbsp; dostupne&nbsp; huminske&nbsp; kiseline),&nbsp; koji&nbsp; se među sobom razlikuju po sastavu i strukturi prisutne POM i sadržaju bromida. Za oksidacioni proces&nbsp; (ozonizacija,&nbsp; UV&nbsp; fotoliza,&nbsp; oksidacija&nbsp; sa&nbsp; H₂O₂,&nbsp; kombinovani&nbsp; O ₃/UV&nbsp; proces&nbsp; i kombinovani&nbsp; H ₂O₂<br />/UV&nbsp; proces)&nbsp; pojedinačno&nbsp; ispitan&nbsp; je&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; različitih&nbsp; doza&nbsp; oksidanata&nbsp; i reakcionih&nbsp; uslova.Posebna&nbsp; pažnja&nbsp; posvećena&nbsp; je&nbsp; ispitivanju&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; navedenih&nbsp; tretmana&nbsp; na<br />formiranje&nbsp; neorganskog&nbsp; bromata,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; na&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; prekursora&nbsp;&nbsp; dezinfekcionih nusproizvoda nakon hlorisanja (THM, HAA, HAN, HK i CP).<br />Analiza&nbsp; hemijskih&nbsp; parametara&nbsp; sintetičkog&nbsp; matriksa&nbsp; (5,44&plusmn;0,30&nbsp; mg&nbsp; C/l; 0,255&plusmn;0,015 cm^-1 ;&nbsp; 4,68&plusmn;0,41&nbsp; lm^-1 mg ^-1)&nbsp; pokazuje&nbsp; da&nbsp; u&nbsp; njemu&nbsp; preovladavaju&nbsp; huminnske materije&nbsp; visoke&nbsp; hidrofobnosti.&nbsp; Visok&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; POM&nbsp; pretežno&nbsp; hidrofobnog&nbsp; karaktera&nbsp; je zabeležen i u vodi iz Kikinde (5,170,72 mg C/l; 0,2010,001 cm <span id="cke_bm_192S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_190S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>^-1<span id="cke_bm_192E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_190E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> ; 3,88&plusmn;0,70 lm<span id="cke_bm_193S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>^-1<span id="cke_bm_193E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> mg^-1 ), dok je&nbsp; sadrža<span id="cke_bm_194E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>j&nbsp; POM&nbsp; u&nbsp; sirovoj&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; iz&nbsp; Temerina&nbsp; (2,060,38&nbsp; mg&nbsp; C/l;&nbsp; 0,0500,001&nbsp; cm<span id="cke_bm_203S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_201S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>^-1<span id="cke_bm_203E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_201E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; ; 2,43&plusmn;0,21 lm <span id="cke_bm_204S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>^-1<span id="cke_bm_204E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> mg ^-1<span id="cke_bm_205E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_202E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_191E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><br />) značajno niži i preovladavaju POM hidrofilnog karaktera. Veći stepen hidrofobnosti sintetičkog matriksa u poređenju sa&nbsp; prirodnim matriksima, rezultovao&nbsp; je&nbsp; i&nbsp; većom&nbsp; reaktivnosti&nbsp; organske&nbsp; materije&nbsp; sa&nbsp; hlorom,&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; se&nbsp; može&nbsp; zaključiti&nbsp; na<br />osnovu visokih vrednosti PFDBP nakon hlorisanja. Vrednost PFTHM u sintetičkom matriksu iznosi&nbsp; 544&plusmn;85,9&nbsp; &micro;g/l,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; je&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; u&nbsp; kikindskoj&nbsp; i&nbsp; temerinskoj&nbsp; sirovoj&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; znatno&nbsp; niži (279&plusmn;32,3&nbsp; i&nbsp; 180&plusmn;44,0&nbsp; &micro;g/l,&nbsp; respektivno).&nbsp; Vrednost&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; u&nbsp; sintetičkom&nbsp; matriksu&nbsp; iznosi 484&plusmn;77,5 &micro;g/l, dok je PFHAA u kikindskoj 244&plusmn;11,1 &micro;g/l i u temerinskoj vodi 165&plusmn;32,5 &micro;g/l. Sadržaj&nbsp; HK&nbsp; (8,05&plusmn;3,63&nbsp; &micro;g/l&nbsp; sintetički&nbsp; matriks;&nbsp; 14,91,38&nbsp; &micro;g/l&nbsp; Kikinda;&nbsp; 7,400,25&nbsp; &micro;g/l Temerin)&nbsp; je&nbsp; znatno&nbsp; niži&nbsp; u&nbsp; poređenju&nbsp; sa&nbsp; prekursorima&nbsp; THM&nbsp; i&nbsp; HAA,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; prekursori&nbsp; HAN&nbsp; i hlorpikrina&nbsp; nisu&nbsp; detektovani&nbsp; u&nbsp; sirovoj&nbsp; vodi.&nbsp; Nusproizvodi&nbsp; koji&nbsp; se&nbsp; dominantno&nbsp; formiraju&nbsp; u svim&nbsp; ispitivanim&nbsp; vodenim&nbsp; matriksima&nbsp; su&nbsp; hlorovani&nbsp; THM&nbsp; i&nbsp; HAA,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; se&nbsp; bromovani&nbsp; DBPformiraju u znatno nižim koncentracijama. Zastupljenost bromovanih DBP u temerinskoj vodi<br />je&nbsp; znatno&nbsp; veći&nbsp; u&nbsp; poređenju&nbsp; sa&nbsp; vodom&nbsp; iz&nbsp; Kikinde,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; rezultat&nbsp; prisustva&nbsp; veće&nbsp; koncentracije bromida u sirovoj vodi (0,05&plusmn;0,01 mg Br -/l Temerin; 0,03&plusmn;0,01 mg Br<br />-/l Kikinda). Ispitivanjem&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; oksidacionih&nbsp; procesa&nbsp; (UV&nbsp; fotolize,&nbsp; ozonizacije,&nbsp; oksidacije vodonik-peroksidom)&nbsp; na&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; i&nbsp; reaktivnost&nbsp; POM&nbsp; u&nbsp; ispitivanim&nbsp; vodenim&nbsp; matriksima utvrđeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; da&nbsp; tretman&nbsp; vode&nbsp; UV&nbsp; zračenjem&nbsp; i&nbsp; vodonik-peroksidom,&nbsp; kada&nbsp; se&nbsp; primenjuju&nbsp; kao samostalan&nbsp; tretman,&nbsp; ne&nbsp; pokazuju&nbsp; značajnu&nbsp; efikasnost&nbsp; u&nbsp; smanjenju&nbsp; sadržaja&nbsp; POM.Tretman vode&nbsp; ozonom&nbsp; se&nbsp; pokazao&nbsp; kao&nbsp; veoma&nbsp; efikasan&nbsp; u&nbsp; uklanjanju&nbsp; POM&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; smanjenju&nbsp; sadržaja prekursora&nbsp; DBP&nbsp; kod&nbsp; svih&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; vodenih&nbsp; matriksa,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; rezultat&nbsp; smanjenja&nbsp; reaktivnosti POM&nbsp; ka&nbsp; formiranju&nbsp; ovih&nbsp; DBP.&nbsp; Smanjenje&nbsp; sadržaja&nbsp; POM&nbsp; u&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; tokom&nbsp; tretmana&nbsp; raste&nbsp; sa povećanjem&nbsp; primenjene&nbsp; doze&nbsp; ozona,&nbsp; pri&nbsp; čemu&nbsp; se&nbsp; najbolji&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; postižu&nbsp; pri&nbsp; najvećoj primenjenoj&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; od&nbsp; 3,0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; O 3/mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; (do&nbsp; 32%&nbsp; DOC,&nbsp; 92%&nbsp; UV254 sintetički&nbsp; matriks;&nbsp; do 17%&nbsp; DOC,&nbsp; 76%&nbsp; UV 254&nbsp; Kikinda;&nbsp; do&nbsp; 15%&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; i&nbsp; 66%&nbsp; UV254&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Temerin).&nbsp; U&nbsp; sintetičkom matriksu&nbsp; najveće&nbsp; smanjenje&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; (za&nbsp; 76%)&nbsp; i&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; (za&nbsp; 80%)&nbsp; u&nbsp; odnosu&nbsp; na&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; u sirovoj vodi se postiže pri dozi od 1,0&nbsp; mg O₃/mg DOC. Najveće smanjenje PFTHM (za 38%)<br />i PFHAA (za 42%) u vodi iz Kikinde postiže se pri dozi od 3,0 mg O ₃/mg DOC. U vodi iz Temerina najveće smanjenje PFTHM (za&nbsp; 27%) je pri dozi od 3,0 mg O ₃ /mg DOC, dok se za smnjenje&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; (za&nbsp; 54%)&nbsp; najbolje&nbsp; pokazala&nbsp; doza&nbsp; od&nbsp; 1,0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; O<br />3 /mg&nbsp; DOC.&nbsp; Sadržaj prekursora&nbsp; HK&nbsp; i&nbsp; HAN&nbsp; (temerinska&nbsp; voda)&nbsp; je&nbsp; veoma&nbsp; nizak&nbsp; nakon&nbsp; tretmana.&nbsp; Tretman&nbsp; vode ozonom&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; ka&nbsp; formiranju&nbsp; DBP&nbsp; sa&nbsp; vi&scaron;e&nbsp;&nbsp; supstituisanih&nbsp; atoma&nbsp; broma,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; u&nbsp; vodama&nbsp; sa srednjim sadržajem bromida (50 &micro;g Br -/l) dovodi do formiranja bromata. Kombinacijom&nbsp; ozonizacije&nbsp; sa&nbsp; UV&nbsp; zračenjem&nbsp; se&nbsp; značajno&nbsp; može&nbsp; pospe&scaron;iti&nbsp; efiksnost uklanjanja&nbsp; POM&nbsp; postignuta&nbsp; primenom&nbsp; samostalne&nbsp; ozonizacije.&nbsp; Najveće&nbsp; smanjenje&nbsp; sadržaja POM u&nbsp; sintetičkom matriksu (za 85% DOC, 98% UV254 i 87% SUVA), u vodi iz Kikinde (za<br />23% DOC, 83% UV 254, 77% SUVA), i vodi iz Temerina (za 15% DOC, 80% UV<br />254 i 75% SUVA), u odnosu na vrednosti u netretiranoj vodi postignuto je pri najvećoj primenjenoj dozi od&nbsp; 3,0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; O₃ /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; i&nbsp; 6000&nbsp; mJ/cm 2 .&nbsp; Efikasnost&nbsp; procesa&nbsp; raste&nbsp; u&nbsp; vodama&nbsp; u&nbsp; kojima preovladavaju&nbsp; POM&nbsp; veće&nbsp; hidrofobnosti.&nbsp; MeĎutim,&nbsp; iako&nbsp; se&nbsp; O₃ /UV&nbsp; procesom&nbsp; postiže&nbsp; visok stepen&nbsp; smanjenja&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; u&nbsp; sintetičkom&nbsp; matriksu&nbsp; se&nbsp; najbolje&nbsp; pokazao&nbsp; tretman&nbsp; ozonom (1,0 mg&nbsp; O3/mg&nbsp; DOC),&nbsp; dok&nbsp; se&nbsp; najveće&nbsp; smanjenje&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; (82%)&nbsp; postiže&nbsp; pri&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; ozona&nbsp; od 1,0 mg O_3/mg DOC i UV zračenja od 6000 mJ/cm ^{2 .} U vodi iz Kikinde se PFTHM smanjuje za 50% pri dozi od 3,0 mg O ₃/mg DOC i 6000 mJ/cm 2 , dok se u slučaju uklanjanja prekursora<br />HAA&nbsp; ozonizacija&nbsp; pokazala&nbsp; kao&nbsp; superiorniji&nbsp; proces.&nbsp; U&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; iz&nbsp; Temerina&nbsp; se&nbsp; u&nbsp; pogledu uklanjanja&nbsp; prekursora&nbsp; THM&nbsp; i&nbsp; HAA&nbsp; ozonizacija&nbsp; pokazala&nbsp; kao&nbsp; optimalan&nbsp; proces.&nbsp; Visok alkalitet&nbsp; prirodnih&nbsp; voda&nbsp; inhibira&nbsp; radikalski&nbsp; mehanizam&nbsp; u&nbsp; toku&nbsp; AOP&nbsp; i&nbsp; favorizuje&nbsp; oksidaciju POM molekulskim ozonom.&nbsp; Prekursori HK se formiraju u&nbsp; veoma niskim koncentracijama i njihov sadržaj ne varira značajno tokom tretmana. U prirodnim matriksima tokom AOP pri dozi&nbsp; ozona&nbsp; od&nbsp; 3,0 mg&nbsp; O₃ /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; dolazi&nbsp; do&nbsp; formiranja&nbsp; HAN,&nbsp; međutim,&nbsp; nije&nbsp; uočen&nbsp; jasan trend&nbsp; sa&nbsp; povećanjem&nbsp; doze&nbsp; UV&nbsp; zračenja.&nbsp; Tretman&nbsp; doprinosi&nbsp; formiranju&nbsp; bromovanih&nbsp; vrsta THM,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; se&nbsp; tokom&nbsp; AOP&nbsp; pri&nbsp; najvećoj&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; ozona&nbsp; od&nbsp; 3,0 mg&nbsp; O₃ /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; formiraju bromovani HAN.<br />Najveće&nbsp; smanjenje&nbsp; sadržaja&nbsp; POM&nbsp; primenom&nbsp; kombinacije&nbsp; oksidacije&nbsp; sa&nbsp; H ₂O₂<br />i&nbsp; UV zračenja u sintetičkom matriksu (za do 17% DOC, 70% UV 254 ), u vodi iz Kikinde (za do 22% DOC, 53% UV₂₅₄), i vodi iz Temerina (za do 7% DOC, 68% UV<br />₂₅₄), u odnosu na vrednosti u sirovoj vodi, se postižu pri dozi H ₂O₂ i UV zračenja od 3,0 mg H₂O₂/mg DOC i 6000 mJ/cm ² .<br />Najveće&nbsp; smanjenje&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; od&nbsp; 54%&nbsp; u&nbsp; sintetičkom&nbsp; matriksu&nbsp; se&nbsp; postiže&nbsp; pri&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; od 0 mg H₂O₂/mg DOC i 6000 mJ/cm ² ,&nbsp; dok se smanjenje PFHAA (za 35%)&nbsp; postiže primenom doze vodonik-peroksida i UV zračenja od 1,0 mg H ₂O₂ /mg&nbsp; DOC i 3000 mJ/cm ² . U vodi izKikinde&nbsp; H₂O₂ /UV&nbsp; proces&nbsp; ne&nbsp; utiče&nbsp; značajno&nbsp; na&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; prekursora&nbsp; THM,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; se&nbsp; najveće smanjenje&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; (za&nbsp; 35%)&nbsp; postiže&nbsp; pri&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; od&nbsp; 3,0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; H_{<span id="cke_bm_235S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>2<span id="cke_bm_235E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>}O₂/mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; i&nbsp; 600&nbsp; mJ/cm ² .H<span id="cke_bm_184S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>₂<span id="cke_bm_184E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>O₂<span id="cke_bm_185E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>/UV&nbsp; proces&nbsp; dovodi&nbsp; do&nbsp; smanjenja&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; u&nbsp; Temerinskoj&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; za&nbsp; 74%&nbsp; pri&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; od 3,0 mg H₂O₂/mg DOC i 600 mJ/c<span id="cke_bm_236E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>m ² ,&nbsp; dok primenjeni tretman ne pokazuje značajan uticaj na<br />PFHAA.&nbsp; Prekursori HK su detektovani u sintetičkom matriksu i temerinskoj vodi u niskim koncentracijama.&nbsp; U&nbsp; temerinskoj&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; nakon&nbsp; AOP&nbsp; pri&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; vodonik-peroksida&nbsp; od 3,0 mg H₂O₂ /mg DOC dolazi&nbsp; do formiranja HAN i hlorpikrina. Primenjeni tretman vodi ka formiranju bromovanih DBP. Svi rezultati dobijeni u toku istraživanja ukazuju na neophodnost optimizacije procesa u&nbsp; tretmanu&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; vodenih&nbsp; matriksa&nbsp; i&nbsp; određivanja&nbsp; optimalnog&nbsp; procesa uzimajući&nbsp; u&nbsp; obzir<br />karakteristika&nbsp; sirove&nbsp; vode&nbsp; i&nbsp; efikasnost&nbsp; koja&nbsp; se&nbsp; želi&nbsp; postići.Kombinacijom&nbsp; dva&nbsp; i&nbsp; vi&scaron;e konvencionalnih&nbsp; tretmana&nbsp; i&nbsp; optimizacijom&nbsp; reakcionih&nbsp; uslova&nbsp; može&nbsp; se&nbsp; postići&nbsp; visoka efikasnost uklanjanja POM, kao i ciljano uklanjanje prekursorskog materijala odabranih DBP, međutim&nbsp; tretman&nbsp; vode&nbsp; ozonom&nbsp; pri&nbsp; dozi&nbsp; od&nbsp; 1,0 mg&nbsp; O₃<br />/mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; se&nbsp; pokazao&nbsp; kao&nbsp; optimalan proces.</p> / <p>The aim of the research&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; PhD thesis&nbsp; was&nbsp; to determine the effects of various oxidation processes based on ozone, hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation on the content and reactivity of natural organic matter&nbsp; (NOM)&nbsp; in different water matrices. The&nbsp; tests were carried out&nbsp; on&nbsp; a)&nbsp; groundwater&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; territory&nbsp; of&nbsp; Kikinda&nbsp; and&nbsp; Temerin&nbsp; (natural&nbsp; matrix)&nbsp; and&nbsp; b) synthetic aqueous matrix (solution of commercially available humic&nbsp; acid), which differ in the composition&nbsp; and&nbsp; structure&nbsp; of&nbsp; NOM&nbsp; present&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; content&nbsp; of&nbsp; bromide.&nbsp; For&nbsp; the&nbsp; oxidation process&nbsp; (ozonation,&nbsp; UV&nbsp; photolysis,&nbsp; oxidation&nbsp; with&nbsp; H 2O2 ,&nbsp; combined&nbsp; O 3 /UV&nbsp; process&nbsp; and combined&nbsp; H 2O2 /UV&nbsp; process),&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; different&nbsp; doses&nbsp; of&nbsp; oxidants&nbsp; and&nbsp; reaction conditions&nbsp; was&nbsp; examined&nbsp; individually.&nbsp; Particular&nbsp; attention&nbsp; was&nbsp; paid&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; the above treatment on the formation of inorganic bromate, as well as the effect on the content of precursors of disinfectant by-products after chlorination (THM, HAA, HAN, HK and CP).Analysis&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; chemical&nbsp; parameters&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; synthetic&nbsp; matrix&nbsp; (5.44&plusmn;0.30&nbsp; mg&nbsp; C/L; 0.255&plusmn;0.015 cm -1 ;&nbsp; 4.68&plusmn;0.41&nbsp; lm -1 mg -1 )&nbsp; shows&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; high-hydrophobic&nbsp; humic&nbsp; compounds predominate in this water. Also, high NOM content of predominantly hydrophobic character was recorded in Kikinda water (5.170.72 mg C/L; 0.2010.001 cm -1 ;&nbsp; 3.88&plusmn;0.70 lm -1 mg -1 ), while&nbsp; NOM&nbsp; content&nbsp; in&nbsp; raw&nbsp; water&nbsp; from&nbsp; Temerin&nbsp; (2.060.38&nbsp; mg&nbsp; C/L;&nbsp; 0.0500.001&nbsp; cm -1 ; 2.43&plusmn;0.21 lm -1 mg -1 ) significantly lower and predominate NOM of hydrophilic character. A higher degree of hydrophobicity of the synthetic matrix in comparison with&nbsp; natural matrices, resulted in higher reactivity of organic matter with chlorine, which can be concluded on&nbsp; the&nbsp; basis&nbsp; of&nbsp; high&nbsp; PFDBP&nbsp; values&nbsp; after&nbsp; chlorination.&nbsp; The&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; value&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; synthetic matrix&nbsp; was&nbsp; 544&plusmn;85.9 &micro;g/L, while the PFTHM in the raw waters from Kikinda and Temerin was&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; lower&nbsp; (279&plusmn;32.3&nbsp; and&nbsp; 180&plusmn;44.0&nbsp; &micro;g/L,&nbsp; respectively).&nbsp; The&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; value&nbsp; in the&nbsp; synthetic&nbsp; matrix&nbsp; was&nbsp; 484&plusmn;77.5&nbsp; &micro;g/L,&nbsp; while&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; Kikinda&nbsp; water&nbsp; was 223 244&plusmn;11.1 &micro;g/L&nbsp; and in&nbsp; the&nbsp; Temerin&nbsp; water&nbsp; was&nbsp; 165&plusmn;32.5 &micro;g/L.&nbsp; The content of&nbsp; precursors of HK&nbsp; (8.05&plusmn;3.63&nbsp; &micro;g/L&nbsp; synthetic&nbsp; matrix;&nbsp; 14.91.38&nbsp; &micro;g/L&nbsp; Kikinda;&nbsp; 7.400.25&nbsp; &micro;g/L&nbsp; Temerin) was&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; lower&nbsp; compared&nbsp; to&nbsp; precursors&nbsp; of&nbsp; THMs&nbsp; and&nbsp; HAAs,&nbsp; while&nbsp; precursors&nbsp; of HANs&nbsp; and&nbsp; chloropicrin&nbsp; were&nbsp; not&nbsp; detected&nbsp; in&nbsp; raw&nbsp; water.&nbsp; The&nbsp; by- products&nbsp; that&nbsp; were predominantly&nbsp; formed&nbsp; in&nbsp; all&nbsp; the&nbsp; tested&nbsp; water&nbsp; matrices&nbsp; were&nbsp; chlorinated&nbsp; THMs&nbsp; and&nbsp; HAAs, while the brominated DBPs&nbsp; were&nbsp; formed at substantially lower concentrations. The presence of&nbsp; brominated DBPs&nbsp; in&nbsp; Temerine&nbsp; water&nbsp; were&nbsp; significantly higher compared to Kikinda water as&nbsp; a&nbsp; result&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; higher&nbsp; bromide&nbsp; content&nbsp; in&nbsp; raw&nbsp; water&nbsp; (0.05&plusmn;0.01&nbsp; mg&nbsp; Br -/L Temerin; 0.03&plusmn;0.01 mg Br -/L Kikinda). By&nbsp; examining&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; oxidation&nbsp; processes&nbsp; (UV&nbsp; photolysis,&nbsp; ozonation,hydrogen&nbsp; peroxide&nbsp; oxidation)&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; content&nbsp; and&nbsp; reactivity&nbsp; of&nbsp; NOM&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; tested&nbsp; water matrix, it was&nbsp; found that the UV&nbsp; irradiation and&nbsp; treatment by&nbsp; hydrogen peroxide, when used as an independent treatment, did&nbsp; not show significant efficacy in reducing the&nbsp; NOM content. Water treatment by ozone&nbsp; proved to be very effective in eliminating&nbsp; NOM and reducing the content of DBP precursors in all tested water&nbsp; matrices, as a result of the reduction of&nbsp; NOM reactivity &nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; formation&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; DBPs.&nbsp; Reduction&nbsp; of&nbsp; NOM&nbsp; content&nbsp; in&nbsp; water&nbsp; during treatment increased&nbsp; with increasing the applied dose of ozone, with the best results achieved at the highest dosage of&nbsp; 3.0 mg O 3/mg DOC&nbsp; (up to 32% DOC, 92% UV 254&nbsp; synthetic matrix, up&nbsp; to&nbsp; 17%&nbsp; DOC,&nbsp; 76%&nbsp; UV 254 Kikinda,&nbsp; up&nbsp; to&nbsp; 15%&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; and&nbsp; 66%&nbsp; UV254 Temerin).&nbsp; In&nbsp; the synthetic&nbsp; matrix the highest reduction&nbsp; in&nbsp; PFTHM (76%) and PFHAA (by 80%)&nbsp; compared to raw water content&nbsp; was&nbsp; achieved at a dosage&nbsp; of 1.0 mg O 3/mg DOC. The highest reduction in PFTHM&nbsp; (38%)&nbsp; and&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; (42%)&nbsp; in&nbsp; Kikinda&nbsp; water&nbsp; was&nbsp; achieved&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of 3.0 mg O3 /mg DOC. In Temerin water, the highest reduction in PFTHM (27%) was at a dose of&nbsp; 3.0 mg O 3/mg DOC, while the dose of 1.0&nbsp; mg O3 /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; was best shown for removing PFHAA (by 54%). The content of the precursors of HKs and HANs (Temerin water) was very low&nbsp; after&nbsp; treatment.&nbsp; Water&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; by&nbsp; ozone&nbsp; led&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; formation&nbsp; of&nbsp; DBPs&nbsp; with&nbsp; more substituted bromine atoms, while in waters with a mean bromide content (50 &mu;g Br -/L) led&nbsp; to bromate formation.Combination of ozonation with UV irradiation can greatly accelerate the effectiveness of&nbsp; NOM&nbsp; removal&nbsp; achieved&nbsp; by&nbsp; the&nbsp; use&nbsp; of&nbsp; ozonation&nbsp; alone.&nbsp; The&nbsp; highest&nbsp; reduction&nbsp; in&nbsp; NOM content in the synthetic matrix (by 85% DOC, 98% UV 254 and 87% SUVA), in Kikinda water (by 23%&nbsp; DOC, 83% UV 254 , 77% SUVA) and water from Temerin (by 15% DOC, 80% UV 254 and 75% SUVA), compared to the values in&nbsp; raw&nbsp; water, was achieved at the highest&nbsp; dose of 3.0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; O 3 /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; and&nbsp; 6000&nbsp; mJ/cm 2 .&nbsp; The&nbsp; efficiency&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; process&nbsp; was&nbsp; growing&nbsp; in&nbsp; the waters where NOM predominates of hydrophobicity. Although the O 3 /UV process achieved a high&nbsp; degree&nbsp; of&nbsp; reduction&nbsp; in&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; synthetic&nbsp; matrix&nbsp; the&nbsp; ozonation (1.0 mg O3 /mg DOC)&nbsp; was&nbsp; proved&nbsp; as&nbsp; more&nbsp; efficient,&nbsp; while&nbsp; the&nbsp; highest&nbsp; reduction&nbsp; in&nbsp; PFHAA (82%)&nbsp; was&nbsp; achieved&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; ozone&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; 1.0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; O 3/mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; and&nbsp; UV&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; of 6000 mJ/cm 2 . In the water from Temerin,&nbsp; in case to removal of precursors of THM and HAA, ozonation&nbsp; was proved&nbsp; to be an optimal process. High alkalinity of natural waters&nbsp; inhibits the radical &nbsp; mechanism&nbsp; during&nbsp; AOP&nbsp; and&nbsp; favors&nbsp; NOM&nbsp; oxidation&nbsp; with&nbsp; molecular&nbsp; ozone.&nbsp; HKs precursors were formed at very low concentrations and their content did not vary significantly during&nbsp; the&nbsp; treatment.&nbsp; In&nbsp; natural&nbsp; matrices&nbsp; during&nbsp; the&nbsp; AOP&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; ozone&nbsp;&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of 3.0 mg O3 /mgDOC, HANs&nbsp; were&nbsp; formed, however, there&nbsp; was&nbsp; no clear trend with increasing UV irradiation. The treatment contributed to the formation of brominated THM species, while during&nbsp; the&nbsp; AOPs,&nbsp; brominated&nbsp; HANs&nbsp; were&nbsp; formed&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; maximum&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; ozone&nbsp; of 3.0 mg O3/mg DOC. 224 The largest decrease in&nbsp; NOM content by the combination of oxidation with H2O2 and UV irradiation in the synthetic matrix (for up to 17% DOC, 70% UV 254 ), in Kikinda water (up to 22% DOC, 53% UV 254), and water from Temerin&nbsp; (7% DOC, 68% UV 254 ), compared&nbsp; to the values&nbsp; in&nbsp; raw&nbsp; water,&nbsp; were&nbsp; obtained&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; H 2O2 and&nbsp; UV&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; of 3.0 mg O3 /mg DOC&nbsp; and 6000 mJ/cm 2 . The highest PFTHM reduction of 54% in the&nbsp; synthetic matrix was achieved at a dosage of 1.0 mg H2O2/mg DOC and 6000 mJ/cm 2 , while a decrease in&nbsp; PFHAA&nbsp; (35%)&nbsp; was&nbsp; achieved&nbsp; using&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; hydrogen&nbsp; peroxide&nbsp; and&nbsp; UV&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; of 1.0 mg H2O2/mg DOC and 3000 mJ/cm 2 . In the water from Kikinda, the H2O2 /UV process did not significantly affect on the THM precursors content, while the highest reduction in PFHAA (35%)&nbsp; was&nbsp; achieved&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; 3.0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; H2O2/mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; and&nbsp; 600&nbsp; mJ/cm 2 .&nbsp; The&nbsp; H 2O2 /UV process&nbsp; led&nbsp; to&nbsp; a&nbsp; decrease&nbsp; in&nbsp; PFTHM&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; Temerin&nbsp; water&nbsp; by&nbsp; 74%&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of 3.0 mg&nbsp; 2O2 /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; and&nbsp; 600&nbsp; mJ/cm 2 ,&nbsp; whereas&nbsp; the&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; applied&nbsp; had&nbsp; no&nbsp; significant effect on PFHAA. HKs precursors were detected in synthetic matrix and the Temerin water at low&nbsp; concentrations.&nbsp; In&nbsp; the&nbsp; water&nbsp; after&nbsp; the&nbsp; AOP&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; 3.0&nbsp; mg&nbsp; H 2O2 /mg&nbsp; DOC&nbsp; of hydrogen&nbsp; peroxide,&nbsp; HANs&nbsp; and&nbsp; chloropicrin&nbsp; were&nbsp; formed.&nbsp; The&nbsp; applied&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; led&nbsp; to&nbsp; the formation of brominated DBPs.<br />All the results obtained during the research indicate the necessity of optimization&nbsp; the process&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; examined&nbsp; water&nbsp; matrices&nbsp; and&nbsp; determination&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; optimal process taking into account the characteristics of&nbsp; raw water and the efficiency to be achieved. By combining two or more conventional treatments and optimizing the reaction conditions, high&nbsp; NOM removal efficiency can be achieved, as well as removal of the&nbsp; targeted&nbsp; precursor material&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; selected&nbsp; DBPs,&nbsp; but&nbsp; the&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; of&nbsp; ozone&nbsp; water&nbsp; at&nbsp; a&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of 1.0 mg O3 /mg DOC was proved to be an optimal process.</p>