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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Passive Elastography : Tomography and Mechanical Characterization of Biological Tissue / Elastographie passive : application à la tomographie et la caractérisation mécanique des tissus biologiques

Zorgani, Ali 25 October 2016 (has links)
Les travaux menés lors de cette thèse portent sur le développement d'une approche passive d'Elastographie, l'imagerie de l'élasticité des tissus mous. Inspirée des techniques de corrélation de bruit sismique développée en séismologie, et du retournement temporel en acoustique. L'Elastographie passive utilise des ondes de cisaillement naturellement présentent dans le corps humain pour extraire les propriétés mécaniques des tissues biologiques. La faisabilité de cette approche passive est démontrée pour divers applications. En ultrason, un échographe à cadence lente ont été utilisés pour le guidage du traitement par ultrason à haut intensité dans une étude préclinique. Puis l'utilisation d'un échographe ultra-rapide pour la reconstruction des cartes de vitesses dans des gels calibrés ainsi que in-vivo. L'Elastographie passive par résonnance magnétique a été également mise en place pour imager les mouvements naturels dans le cerveau d'un volontaire sain et la réalisation d'une tomographie de longueurs d'ondes. En optique pour des applications en ophtalmologie ou en dermatologie, la faisabilité de l'Elastographie passive par cohérence optique a été démontrée dans un gel puis in-vivo dans l'œil d'une souris pour des. Puis une preuve du concept d'un dispositif d'imagerie d'ondes de surfaces complètement optique été testé dans des gels plan, courbé, isotrope ou anisotrope. Finalement, la limite de la résolution de l'Elastographie passive par ultrason est évaluée / The aim of this thesis was the development of a new approach called passive elastography. This approach is inspired from noise correlation methods well developed in seismology and time reversal technics in acoustics. Passive elastography uses shear waves naturally induced in the human body to extract its mechanical properties of soft tissue. The feasibility of this method was tested in several applications. First in ultrasound, slow frame rate ultrasound scanner was used to monitor high intensity focused ultrasound treatment on porcine pancreas. Then, an ultrafast ultrasound scanner was used to retrieve shear wave speed map in a calibrated phantom and in-vivo. Second, Magnetic resonance elastography was implemented to image natural motion in the brain of healthy volunteers and conduct shear wavelength tomography. Third, of ophthalmological and dermatological applications, optical coherence passive elastography was tested in a phantom and a cornea of healthy mouse. Also, a fully optical setup was established to image surface wave for elastography applications. Finally, the resolution limit of elastography was measured using and ultrasound ultrafast scanner
62

Tomographie par cohérence optique pour la chirurgie laser du glaucome / Development of optical coherence tomography for monitoring the glaucoma laser surgery

Bayleyegn, Masreshaw-demelash 20 December 2012 (has links)
La capacité de la tomographie par cohérence optique (OCT) à délivrer des images tomographiques de tissus biologiques in vivo, de manière non invasive et en temps réel, a suscité un intérêt croissant pour de nombreuses applications biomédicales, principalement en ophtalmologie pour l’imagerie de la rétine et du segment antérieur de l’œil. Toutefois, pour l’imagerie à haute résolution de tissus biologiques fortement diffusants, comme la sclérotique et la cornée œdémateuse, la technique nécessitait des améliorations technologiques. Dans cette thèse, un système d’OCT « Fourier-domain » (FD-OCT) à très haute résolution spatiale (< 4 µm), à la longueur d’onde de 1,3 µm, a été développé dans la Laboratoire Charles Fabry – Institute d’Optique Graduate School. Avec ce système original, nous avons réussi, pour la première fois, à visualiser correctement le canal de Schlemm de l’œil humain qui se trouve à une profondeur d’environ 0,8 mm dans le limbe de la cornée, milieu fortement diffusant. L’imagerie du canal de Schlemm est capitale afin d’envisager la chirurgie par laser du glaucome, qui consiste à inciser cette partie de l’œil afin d’améliorer l’écoulement de l’humeur aqueuse. Par ailleurs, en collaboration avec le Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée de l’ENSTA ParisTech, nous avons démontré la possibilité de contrôler en temps réel par OCT des découpes par laser femtoseconde pratiquées dans la cornée humaine in vitro. Ces travaux ont montré que l’opération du Glaucome par laser femtoseconde, contrôlée par OCT, devrait être possible. / The ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to deliver tomographic images of biological tissues in vivo non-invasively and in real-time has been a growing interest in many biomedical applications, mainly in ophthalmology for imaging the retina and the anterior segment of the eye. However, developing high-resolution OCT for imaging strongly scattering biological tissues like sclera and edematous cornea has still been the main challenge. In this PhD work, an ultrahigh-resolution (< 4 µm) Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT) system optimized at 1.3 µm center wavelength was developed in Laboratoire Charles Fabry – Institut d’Optique Graduate School. Using this OCT system, we have, for the first time, properly visualized the Schlemm’s canal of the human eye that is located in the strongly scattering corneal limbus at depth of ~ 0.8 mm. Schlemm’s canal has been our target for OCT imaging because it plays an important role for the management of the aqueous humor that is responsible for causing glaucoma - an eye disease that can potentially lead to blindness. In collaboration with Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée at ENSTA ParisTech, we have also demonstrated real-time OCT imaging of the femtosecond laser surgery in excised human cornea. These studies have thus shown that the surgery of glaucoma by femtosecond laser, monitored by OCT, would be possible.
63

Quantitative Analyse retinaler Veränderungen bei nichtglaukomatösen Optikusatrophien mit Hilfe der Optischen Kohärenztomographie

Kühn, Elisabeth 10 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Nichtglaukomatöse Optikusatrophien führen nicht nur zu einer Verminderung der Dicke der retinalen Nervenfaserschicht (RNFL) sondern auch zu einer Reduktion des Makulavolumens. In dieser Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) untersucht, welche Schichten der Makula von Dickenveränderungen als Folge einer Optikusatrophie betroffen sind. Es wurden 27 Patienten mit nichtglaukomatösen Optikusatrophien unterschiedlicher Ätiologie (postneuritische, hereditäre und traumatische Atrophien) und 21 augengesunde Kontrollpersonen untersucht. OCT-Scans der RNFL und der Makula wurden mit Hilfe des Stratus OCT 3000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec) durchgeführt. Die axialen Reflektivitätsprofile der radialen Scans wurden aus den exportierten JPEG-Bildern an zwölf Punkten in je 1,5mm Entfernung von der Foveola vermessen und gemittelt. Das charakteristische Reflektivitätsprofil mit fünf Intensitätsmaxima und vier Intensitätsminima wurde der Lokalisation der einzelnen Makulaschichten zugeordnet. Die von nichtglaukomatöser Optikusatrophie betroffenen Augen wiesen im Vergleich zu den Augen der augengesunden Normalpersonen signifikant (p<0,05) reduzierte RNFL-Dicken (um 35,5% reduziert) und Makulavolumen-Werte (um 11,8% reduziert) auf. Bei allen untersuchten Formen der Optikusatrophie waren nicht nur die makuläre Nervenfaserschicht (MNFL) sondern alle inneren Schichten der Makula verdünnt. Die mittlere Reduktion betrug 21,2% für die MNFL, 39,7% für die Ganglienzellschicht, 33,2% für die innere plexiforme Schicht und 9,4% für die innere Körnerzellschicht im Vergleich zu den Werten der Normalpersonen. Veränderungen der äußeren Netzhautschichten traten nur bei den posttraumatischen Atrophien auf. Eine Beurteilung der Dicke aller einzelnen Netzhautschichten aus OCT-Scans ist mit Hilfe geräteintegrierter Software bisher noch nicht möglich. Die quantitative Analyse der axialen Reflektivitätsprofile aus exportierten OCT-Bildern stellt eine geeignete Methode zur Beschreibung des Verlaufs und der Lokalisation von Makulaveränderungen bei Optikusatrophien verschiedener Genese dar.
64

Retrospektive Evaluation retinaler Nervenfaserschichtdicke mit der cerebralen T2w-Läsionslast im MRT sowie dem Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose / Retrospective Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness with Cerebral T2w-Lesion Load in MRI and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in Pediatric Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Al-Bourini, Omar 12 June 2018 (has links)
No description available.
65

Avaliação do promotor OCT-4 de equinos em uma abordagem transgênica em células-tronco embrionárias de murinos

Gonçalves, Fernanda da Silva [UNESP] 05 February 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_fs_dr_jabo.pdf: 3109118 bytes, checksum: 5a4b81536e1b9bd9d62a0e42796b675b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O fator de transcrição Oct-4 é bem conservado entre as espécies e é conhecido por ser expresso em embriões e células-tronco embrionárias (CTE), sendo um importante marcador da pluripotência. Recentemente, foi relatado que a combinação de Oct-4 com três outros fatores de transcrição Klf-4, c-Myc e Sox2 foram capazes de reprogramar células somáticas a um estado indiferenciado pluripotente, chamadas células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (“células iPS”), as quais apresentam várias das mesmas propriedades das CTE incluindo a pluripotência, auto-renovação e proliferação. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a funcionalidade do promotor Oct-4 de eqüino em CTE de murinos. Três vetores plasmidiais expressando GFP (“green fluorescent protein”) sob o controle do promotor Oct-4 de equinos, camundongo e quatro vetores lentivirais, também contendo o gene reporter GFP e os promotores Oct-4 de equinos, camundongo e humanos, pLZ2-ecOCT-EGFP (meq) (sequência equivalente de camundongos), pLZ2-ecOCT-EGFP (heq) (sequência equivalente de humanos), pLZ2-mOCT-EGFP e pLZ2-hOCT-EGFP, respectivamente, foram construídos. Todos os vetores também contêm um sítio de resistência à blasticidina que permite a seleção das células estáveis e das células transduzidas. Essas construções plasmidiais foram verificadas se funcionavam eficientemente, bem como o efeito do promotor Oct-4 em transfectar transientes e estáveis CTE. As construções com promotor Oct-4 de camundongo, humano e eqüino (sequência análoga à de camundongo) produziram somente 6% de células GFP positivas com intensidade de fluorescência (IF) >1000 pela análise em citômetro de fluxo, enquanto que o plasmídeo contendo o promotor Oct-4 de eqüino (sequência equivalente à de humanos) produziu menos células GFP positivas (>3%) com IF >1000, quando... / The pluripotency transcription factor Oct-4 is well conserved among species and is known to be expressed in embryos and embryonic stem (ES) cells; it is being an important pluripotency marker. It was recently demonstrated that the combination of Oct-4 with three other factors Klf-4, c-myc and Sox2 were able to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent and undifferentiated state. These cells known as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells share several properties with ES cells including self-renewal, proliferation and pluripotency. The aim of this study was to assess the functionality of the horse Oct-4 promoter in mouse ES cells. Three plasmids vectors expressing GFP (green fluorescent protein) under the control of the horse, mouse and four lentivirus vectors also containing reporter gene GFP and horse, mouse and human promoters, pLZ2-ecOCT-EGFP (mouse sequence equivalent), pLZ2-ecOCT-EGFP (human sequence equivalent), pLZ2-mOCT-EGFP and pLZ2-hOCT-EGFP, respectively, were built. All these vectors also contain a blasticidin resistance cassette to allow selection of transfected stable cells and transduced cells. Afterwards, to assess the functionality of the Oct-4 promoter all plasmids were tranfected the into transient and stable mouse ES cells. Constructs with mouse, human and horse (mouse analog sequence) Oct-4 promoter produced only 6% GFP positive cells with fluorescence intensity (FI)>1000 by 20 FACs assay, while plasmid horse (human analog sequence) Oct-4 promoter produced less GFP positive cells (>3%) with FI>1000, when compared with the positive control and among groups. However, GFP expression was not present in stable cells, whereas there were Blasticidin-resistant colonies-forming from 6 days post-transfection. To optimize the system in mouse ES cells, pLZ2-mOCT-EGFP and pLZ2-hOCT-EGFP lentivectors, were tested as controls. It was used HIV-1-derived... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
66

Funktionelle Charakterisierung des humanen Organische-Anionen-Transporters 4 (hOAT4) / Functional characterization of human renal organic anion transporter 4 (hOAT4)

Stein, Daniel 06 March 2018 (has links)
No description available.
67

Design, simulation and fabrication of a vertical microscanner for phase modulation interferometry - Application to optical coherence tomography system for skin imaging / Design, simulation et fabrication d'un micro-scanner vertical pour l'inférométrie à modulation de phase

Lullin, Justine 17 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse décrit le design, la simulation et la fabrication d’une matrice 4x4 de micro-miroirs actionnée verticalement et munie d’un capteur de position. Le micro-scanneur vertical a pour vocation à être intégré au sein d’un micro-interféromètre de Mirau de type matriciel, réalisé àbase de composants micro-optiques fabriqués grâce à des méthodes collectives. Le mouvement du micro-scanneur, développé dans cette thèse, génère un signal de référence utilisé pour l’implémentation de l’interférométrie à modulation de phase dans un système de tomographie par cohérence optique (OCT). Dans un premier temps, la thèse introduit le besoin d’un système d’imagerie adapté pour la détection précoce des cancers de la peau et établit les spécifications optiques requises par cette application. A partir de ces spécifications, le design du système OCT basé sur le micro-interféromètre de Mirau est présenté. En parallèle, l’état de l’art des technologies de micro-actionnement est décrit et un actionnement électrostatique à base de peignes interdigités est choisi pour actionner et lire la position de la matrice de micro-miroirs. En effet ce type d’actionnement bénéficie d’une bonne compatibilité avec le design du micro-interféromètre de Mirau. Dans un second temps, le cœur de la thèse expose le développement du micro-scanneur vertical, c.à.d le design et les simulations ainsi que la fabrication et la caractérisation. / This thesis describes the design, simulation and fabrication of a vertically actuated 4x4 array ofmicromirrors with embedded position sensing function. The vertical microscanner is meant to beintegrated within an array-type Mirau microinterferometer realized with optical microcomponentsfabricated using collective techniques. The microscanner, developed in this thesis, provides areference signal that is used for the implementation of phase modulation interferometery in an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) system. This thesis first introduces the need for adapted imagingsystems for the early diagnosis of skin cancer and establishes the optical specifications requiredby this specific application. Based on these specifications, the design of the OCT system based onthe Mirau microinterferometer is presented. In parallel, the state of the art of the microactuationtechnologies is discussed and comb drive electrostatic actuation is chosen, for its compatibilitywith the design of the Mirau microinterferometer, to actuate and sense the position of the array ofmicromirrors. Then, the core of the thesis deals with the development of the vertical microscanner,i.e. its design and simulations, its fabrication and its characterization.
68

Syntéza SiO2/Au core/shell nanočástic pro zesílení OCT signálu / Synthesis of SiO2/Au core/shell nanoparticles for enhancement of OCT signal

Kantorová, Martina January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this master thesis is synthesis of SiO2/Au core/shell nanoparticles. These nanoparticles should improve the signal of optical coherence tomography (OCT). The procedure of nanoparticle synthesis is described in the work. Synthetized nanoparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then, the synthetized nanoparticles were tested for enhancement of OCT signal. For this testing were also used commercial nanoparticles with the same structure and similar size.
69

Lateral resonant Doppler flow measurement by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Walther, Julia, Koch, Edmund 13 August 2019 (has links)
In spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), any transverse motion component of a detected obliquely moving sample results in a nonlinear relationship between the Doppler phase shift and the axial sample velocity restricting phase-resolved Doppler OCT. To circumvent the limitation, we propose the lateral resonant Doppler flow quantification in spectral domain OCT, where the scanner movement velocity is matched to the transverse velocity component of the sample motion.
70

Snapshot Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Valdez, Ashley January 2016 (has links)
Optical coherence tomography systems are used to image the retina in 3D to allow ophthalmologists diagnose ocular disease. These systems yield large data sets that are often labor-intensive to analyze and require significant expertise in order to draw conclusions, especially when used over time to monitor disease progression. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) instantly acquires depth profiles at a single location with a broadband source. These systems require mechanical scanning to generate two- or three-dimensional images. Instead of mechanically scanning, a beamlet array was used to permit multiple depth measurements on the retina with a single snapshot using a 3x 3 beamlet array. This multi-channel system was designed, assembled, and tested using a 1 x 2 beamlet lens array instead of a 3 x 3 beamlet array as a proof of concept prototype. The source was a superluminescent diode centered at 840nm with a 45nm bandwidth. Theoretical axial resolution was 6.92um and depth of focus was 3.45mm. Glass samples of varying thickness ranging from 0.18mm to 1.14mm were measured with the system to validate that correct depth profiles can be acquired for each channel. The results demonstrated the prototype system performed as expected, and is ready to be modified for in vivo applicability.

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