Submitted by ANA LUIZA MARQUES DOS SANTOS null (almsrc@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-17T16:36:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OGMs impressão.pdf: 1737452 bytes, checksum: 4b63e02eaf89d59177e9e14a80bf1e9e (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo completo de seu trabalho em um único arquivo pdf. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-08-18T14:43:07Z (GMT) / Submitted by ANA LUIZA MARQUES DOS SANTOS null (almsrc@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-18T16:15:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ORGANISMOS GENETICAMENTE MODIFICADOS NA AGRICULTURA HISTÓRICO, IMPACTOS, INCERTEZAS E LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL.pdf: 3931676 bytes, checksum: 2a6a048b94655516c49a880e09e714fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-18T17:18:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_alm_dr_rcla.pdf: 3931676 bytes, checksum: 2a6a048b94655516c49a880e09e714fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T17:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_alm_dr_rcla.pdf: 3931676 bytes, checksum: 2a6a048b94655516c49a880e09e714fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / A utilização dos Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGMs) na agricultura tem sido alvo da atenção da comunidade internacional, repercutindo sobremaneira nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento humano. Diante das diversas questões decorrentes do uso intensivo destes organismos e dos efeitos causados ao meio ambiente, a presente pesquisa buscou analisar os aspectos históricos, técnicos e sociais relacionados ao tema em questão, observando sobretudo as incertezas acerca dos instrumentos legais pertinentes. Observou-se que em um cenário de incertezas sobre os efeitos danosos quando da utilização do OGM, o uso inconsequente e irresponsável da tecnologia tem provocado impactos diversos, causando ao meio ambiente impactos e danos de complexa mensuração. Neste sentido, também foram verificados a aplicabilidade da proteção ambiental face à implantação dos OGMs no meio ambiente, pelo Princípio da Precaução, acima de qualquer inferência. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura visando trazer para a sociedade, um levantamento estruturado sobre o uso do OGM e os eventuais prejuízos à biodiversidade. Portanto, a preocupação com o meio ambiente e a biodiversidade assumiu posição de destaque, sendo o cerne de toda a proteção jurídica com maior aplicabilidade do Direito. Por uma legislação mais objetiva, foi tratada a Lei de Biossegurança, para que as populações urbana e rural, entre outras, tenham seus direitos assegurados quanto à saúde ambiental. A partir das referências analisadas, tais como livros, websites, jornais, revistas científicas, entrevistas e documentários, verificou-se a existência dos riscos ambientais a que podem nos remeter os OGMs, bem como de seus efeitos e sérias consequências, potencialmente devastadoras para a preservação e continuidade de nossa biodiversidade. Por fim, foi possível concluir que a aplicabilidade da hipótese levantada, o Princípio da Precaução, deve ser sempre considerada nas questões pertinentes à proteção do meio ambiente e como instrumento de prevenção aos riscos e impactos ambientais decorrentes dos OGMs. / The use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in agriculture has been the target of attention of the international community, reverberating greatly in the different areas of human knowledge. In front of the several questions resulting from the intensive use of these organisms and the effects it has generated to the environment, the present research sought to analyze the historical, technical and social aspects related to the subject in question, noticing all the uncertainties about the relevant legal provisions. In a scenario of uncertainties about the harmful effects of the use of GMO, it was observed that the inconsequent and irresponsible use of the technology has provoked several impacts, it has been causing to the environment impacts and damages of complex measurement. In this regard, the applicability of the environmental protection in the light of the implantations of GMOs in the environment as also been verified, by the Precautionary Principle, above any inference. Accordingly, a revision of literature was made aiming to bring to society a structured survey about the use of GMO and the eventually hazards to the biodiversity. Therefore, the concern with the environment and biodiversity has won a prominent position and has become the center of all of the legal protection with most applicability of Law. For a more objective legislation, the Biosafety Law was discussed in order that the urban and rural population, among others, have theirs rights secured regarding the environment health. From the analyzed references, such as book, websites, journals, scientific magazines, interviews and documentaries, the existence of environmental risks that the GMOs can refer us was verified, as well as their effects and serious consequences, potentially devastating for the preservation and continuity of ours biodiversity. Lastly, it was possible to conclude that the applicability of the raised hypothesis, the Precautionary Principle, must always be considered in the relevant issues regarding the environment protection and as a device of risk and impact prevention, resulting from the GMOs.

Les cultures transgéniques constituent l’un des développements scientifico-technologiques de plus grand impact dans l’actualité. En Argentine, leur utilisation dans l’agriculture depuis 1996 est massive, et il y a plusieurs entreprises et centres publics de recherche qui développent ou utilisent des cultures transgéniques. Il y a aussi des organismes chargés de leur régulation et des controverses vis-à-vis de leur utilisation. Les transgéniques mobilisent différentes attitudes et positions puisqu’ils supposent un croisement entre les savoirs scientifiques et un espace traditionnel comme l’agriculture.Cette thèse cherche à élucider les modes dans lesquels la production et l’utilisation de la connaissance scientifique en transgénèse végétale en Argentine sont liés au développement qui opère à échelle internationale dans ce domaine. Pour cela, on réalise un travail empirique qui cherche à expliquer comment la production et l’utilisation de savoirs scientifiques liés à la biotechnologie végétale se sont développées. En fouinant les différents secteurs impliqués (entreprises privées, centres publics de recherche, organismes de régulation de l’Etat, ONGs, producteurs agricoles) et à partir de sources documentaires, elle se propose de reconstruire la scène actuelle de la agriculture transgénique dans le pays, à travers une analyse qui s’inscrit dans la sociologie de la science. Dans quelques aspects, surtout en ce qui est lié à la controverse publique sur les transgéniques, on établit des comparaisons avec la situation dans d’autres pays, particulièrement au Brésil et en France.En termes généraux, la thèse vise à décrire les procès singuliers que la transgénèse végétale a adoptés en Argentine, mais en montrant à la fois de larges phénomènes sociaux dans lesquels s’insère ce développement scientifico-technologique. / Transgenic crops are one of the scientific-technological developments with the greatest impact in the present. In Argentina, its use in agriculture is massive since 1996, and there are numerous enterprises and public research centres developing or using transgenic crops. There are also organizations in charge of its regulation, and controversies about its use. Transgenic crops mobilize different sort of attitudes and stands, as they imply a cross between scientific knowledge and a traditional space as agriculture.This thesis seeks to elucidate the ways in which scientific knowledge production and utilisation in vegetal transgenesis in Argentina, relates with the developing at the international level in the area. For that purpose, an empirical work it’s realize searching to explain how it was developed the scientific knowledge production and utilisation related with vegetal biotechnology. A reconstruction of the actual scenario of transgenic agriculture in the country is proposed, through an analysis from the sociology of science, inquiring the different sectors involved (private enterprises, public research centres, state regulatory organisms, NGOs, farmers) and through documentary sources. In some aspects, mainly in what is related to the public controversies about transgenic crops, comparisons with the situation in other countries are carried on, in particular with Brazil and France.Overall, the thesis aims to describe the singular process that vegetal transgenesis adopted in Argentina, but considering, at the same time, broader social phenomena in which this scientific-technological development is involved. / Los cultivos transgénicos constituyen uno de los desarrollos científico-tecnológicos conmayor repercusión en la actualidad. En la Argentina, su uso en la agricultura desde 1996es masivo, y hay numerosas empresas y centros públicos de investigación desarrollandoo utilizando cultivos transgénicos. También hay organismos encargados de suregulación y controversias respecto a su uso. Los transgénicos movilizan distinto tipo deactitudes y posiciones, pues suponen un cruce entre el conocimiento científico y unespacio tradicional como la agricultura.Esta tesis busca dilucidar los modos en que la producción y utilización delconocimiento científico en transgénesis vegetal en la Argentina se vinculan con eldesarrollo que opera a nivel internacional en dicha área. Para ello, se realiza un trabajoempírico que busca explicar cómo se fue desarrollando la producción y utilización deconocimientos científicos vinculados a la biotecnología vegetal. Indagando a losdistintos sectores involucrados (empresas privadas, centros públicos de investigación,organismos estatales de regulación, ONGs, productores agropecuarios) y a partir defuentes documentales se propone reconstruir el escenario actual de la agriculturatransgénica en el país, mediante un análisis inscripto en la sociología de la ciencia. Enalgunos aspectos, sobre todo en lo que se relaciona con la controversia pública sobre lostransgénicos, se llevan a cabo comparaciones con la situación en otros países, enparticular con Brasil y Francia.En líneas generales, la tesis apunta a describir los procesos singulares que adoptóla transgénesis vegetal en la Argentina, pero dando cuenta, a la vez, de fenómenossociales más amplios en los que dicho desarrollo científico-tecnológico estáinvolucrado.