<p> The primary purpose of this study was to date the last metamorphism of a metanorthosite near Parry Sound, Ontario, by the Rb-Sr method on the mineral phases: biotite, hornblende and plagioclase. Due to problems with the mass spectrometer, the prepared samples could not be run. </p> <p> K/Rb ratios on biotites and plagioclase give a calculated K/Rb whole rock ratio for the mafic rich bands of about 230, consistent with the main trend of igneous rocks. The plagioclase K/Rb ratio, however, is much higher, and the anorthosite body as a whole may have a much higher K/Rb ratio, consistent with oceanic tholeiites and achondritic meteorites and indicating a possible lower crustal or mantle origin. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Jackson, 16, has just lost his father to cancer and has nowhere to go so he drops out of high school to look for work. Chrissy, 18, and a recovering addict, sometimes wakes up still thinking about the drugs. She doesn’t use the drugs, but she says that she still needs them. Steph, 20, is on a path towards ‘normal expected success’ when past trauma re-enters her every day. She takes all her prescribed pills on multiple occasions to end her life because her family doesn’t believe the abuse she describes. She tells me she can’t think about the future because she still has to be alive to deal with it. And Mark, 22, has been homeless for 5 years, not consecutively, but long enough to equate home with the streets more than with the times he’s had a roof over his head. These are some of the everyday lives of young people included in this dissertation. Using the case of one organization that operates across a rural and urban context in Ontario, Canada, I investigate the organization of social services for youth. Throughout I show that if young people experience forms of marginalization, and disadvantage like those described above in an urban context, they will likely know about and have access to local support centres, coordinated organizational processes, referral programs, and a network of social resources that are able to address their multiple and complex needs. The rural context, however, works in drastically different ways, even when the services are expected to be the same. In other words, the geographical location operates as a social force that shapes both young people’s experiences of, and organizational responses to, inequality. In the pages that follow I explore how intersecting social processes alleviate forms of disadvantage experienced by youth in urban settings, and paradoxically, reproduce and sustain forms of inequality experienced by rural youth. Importantly this research shows that the geographical location of people in disadvantaged positions matters to the ways that the experience unfolds. Getting out of marginalized positions for rural youth is more challenging because the rural setting is not set up to do this work; in other words, compared to urban settings, the rural context is unequally placed. / Dissertation / Candidate in Philosophy

No abstract was provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

<p> This study documents and theorizes the processes behind the coalescence of ancestral Huron-Wendat populations on the north shore of Lake Ontario. A multiscalar analytical approach is employed to examine settlement aggregation at the regional, local and community levels. The study draws upon cross-cultural models of coalescent societies and the archaeology of communities while being theoretically situated within an historical-processual approach. </p> <p> The settlement data presented demonstrate that during the fifteenth century AD, small, previously distinct communities came together into large village aggregates. Through an examination of settlement relocation sequences and the occupational histories of individual villages, the transformations in social and political organization that accompanied this process are examined. Differences between site sequences suggest that while it is possible to identify similar processes in coalescence, the actual experience of coming together varied at the local level due to particular historical contingencies. </p> <p> A major contribution of the study is a detailed analysis of one village relocation sequence involving the aggregation of several small village communities at the Draper site, during the late fifteenth century. In the early sixteenth century, this coalescent community relocated to establish the Mantle site, the largest Iroquoian village excavated to date in the Lower Great Lakes. A detailed analysis of the occupational history of the Mantle site is presented here. The results point to the increasing integration of the community over time. A comparison of the built environments and other features of the Draper and Mantle sites elucidate practices that directly address the lived experience of coalescence. These community-level processes are ultimately situated in, and form the basis for, the broader sociopolitical realignments that characterized the Late Precontact Lower Great Lakes. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> An open Quercus-dominated vegetation association, known locally as the oak plains, was found at a number of locations in southern Ontario until disturbance by European settlers in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Two contrasting theories have been suggested in the literature regarding the origin of the oak plains. One suggests they developed as the result of burning by pre-European natives, while the other considers them to be relics of a warmer, drier mid-Holocene climate. In this paper, the factors which led to the development of the oak plains are examined. The hypothesis that the oak plains resulted from native burning of the natural vegetation was tested by pollen analysis of a 5 m sediment core from Decoy Lake, a small kettle basin near Paris, Ontario located in an area mapped by early surveyors as oak plains. The Decoy Lake record was then compared to those of two nearby lakes supporting mesic forests. This palaeoecological analysis was supported by an investigation of physical factors controlling the historical distribution of the oak plains in a study area between Cambridge and Long Point on Lake Erie. </p> <p> The distribution of the oak plains and other vegetation associations in pre-settlement times, reconstructed from early survey records, correlated fairly well with the texture of soils and underlying Quaternary parent materials. Within the defined study area, the oak plains were restricted almost exclusively to well-drained soils overlying coarse-textured till and sandy outwash and deltaic deposits. Climatic factors and topography varied within the study area, but showed little correlation with the distribution of vegetation associations. <p> <p> The fossil pollen record at Decoy Lake indicates that a QuercusPinus- herb pollen assemblage, unique to southern Ontario, was found from 4000 yr BP until pre-settlement times. This suggests that the oak plains have existed in the area for at least 4000 years. The oak plains replaced an assemblage dominated by Pinus strobus. The warm, dry Hypsithermal appears to have allowed Pinus strobus to remain dominant on the well drained soils around Decoy Lake until after 5000 yr BP, 2000 to 3000 years longer than at other southern Ontario sites. The Picea zone (11,800 yr BP to 10,100 yr B P), Pin us banksiana/resinosa zone ( 10,100 yr BP to c. 9000 yr BP), and the replacement of Pinus banksiana/resinosa by Pinus strobus (c. 9000 yr BP) occurred contemporaneously with other records from southern Ontario. </p> <p> The hypothesis that anthropogenic factors resulted in the development of the oak plains was rejected since this association developed 2500 years before the onset of agricultural activity by natives in southern Ontario. Instead, it appears post-Hypsithermal increases in moisture, perhaps coupled with an amelioration of winter temperatures, led to the replacement of Pinus strobus by the oak plains in some areas of well-drained soils between 6300 yr BP and 4000 yr BP. The pollen record from Decoy Lake provides the first evidence from southern Ontario for substantial vegetation response to mid to late Holocene climatic change. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Abstract Not Provided. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

<p> A gabbroic intrusion within the Wabigoon Greenstone Belt, southeast of Dryden Ontario, was studied and mapped. Petrographic examination of the sill was carried out and geochemical whole rock data was obtained using X.R.F. methods. </p> The Gabbro Lake Sill was injected into a mafic pile and subsequently underwent fractional crystallization and differentiation. The sill exhibits good phase layering resulting in its division into six basic units: Chilled Margin Gabbro Diabasic Gabbro Leucocratic Gabbro Pyroxenitic Gabbro Pegmatitic Gabbro Sheared Gabbro </p> <p> These units are evident in thin section and are distinguishable both modally and textUrally. In most cases, variations in the chemistry and norms reflect the units mapped in the field. </p> <p> Many features of the sill are analogous to other intrusions, and comparisons have been drawn and theories incorporated to explain these features in the Gabbro Lake Sill. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

<p> This paper is a descriptive analysis of differences in mortality rates among Canada's 23 Census Metropolitan Areas in 1976. · Life Table output focuses specifically on the life expectancies and standardized mortality rates as a means to identify CMA mortality differences. With mention to relevant cause-specific studies and use of regression analysis an attempt is made to shed some light on the identified mortality patterns. Major findings are (1) that mortality rate variation among CMAs reveals an east-west spatial arrangement - mortality rates in Atlantic, Quebec, and Northern Ontario CMAs are above the Canadian average while the mortality rates of Southern Ontario and Western CMAs are at or below the Canadian average; (2) that Victoria CMA is dominant among the CMAs in 1976 in terms of favourable mortality probability; (3) that male mortality rates are significantly higher than female mortality rates but tend to be positively related; (4) that health expenditures per capita have significant influence on health status but continued research is necessary to study and gain a fuller understanding of the effects of various explanatory variables on mortality. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

<p> Simultaneous solar radiation and meteorological observations were taken from an instrumented tower located in southwestern Lake Ontario. During the four month period of this study (July-November, 1969) it was found that short-term fluxes of incoming global radiation could be predicted with a standard error which was better than 0.05 cal cm^-2min^-1 under cloudless conditions. Under cloudy conditions the lowest standard of prediction error (0.14 cal cm^-2min^-1) was obtained using a model which takes into account cloud type transmission. Under cloudless conditions the Fresnel curve underpredicts the albedos observed for low zenith angles and overpredicts when the zenith angle is high. This is mostly due to a backscatter effect estimated to be between 1.5 to 2% and to the albedo of diffuse radiation which was confirmed to be 6.5 to 7%.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> Chemical variations between the matrix and variole fractions of variolitic lavas are quite distinct. Analyses for major. and trace elements and trace gold content was carried out on separated fractions of matrix and varioles from several handspecimens. </p> <p> Discussion of the results (including the origin of variolitic textures) was aided by thin section analysis and field relationships. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)