Following a background of pertinent economic theory and a description of the present system for marketing Ontario winter wheat, this study examines the current problems of the marketing system. Briefly, the domestic minimum price negotiated by the Ontario Wheat Producers’ Marketing Board bears no relation to the value of the entire crop; the financial position of the Board is inherently unstable; and finally, very little planning of transportation and storage facilities for Board purchases occurs. In light of the present problems and objectives of the Board, a number of possible changes concerning supply and demand are presented. The author concludes that the Ontario Wheat Producers’ Marketing Board (hereafter referred to as O.W.P.M.B.) should adopt a new marketing system. Essentially, the Board would buy and sell an amount equal to, or less than, the total amount of soft wheat needed for domestic flour and cereal manufacturers. The remainder of the crop would be sold by farmers at free market prices. A study of transportation and existing storage facilities would be required before this proposed marketing system could be adopted. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder / Multi-temporal elevation (MTE) analysis is used to study topographic changes at specific intervals. Barrier-island complexes are often studied using this MTE analysis to quantify changes to the environment after hurricanes to understand how dynamic landscapes respond to different forcings. The Sandy Pond spit (SPS) is a north-south trending barrier island on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario, New York, which responds dynamically to fluctuations in water levels, ice cover, and storms. Prior research reconstructed the geomorphic history of the SPS from 1878-2013, determining that the most significant factor affecting decadal change is the lake-water elevation. In the summers of 2017 and 2019, anomalously high precipitation and lake levels resulted in increased erosion along the SPS, and flooding in neighboring communities. In this study I used shoreline position, foredune crest position and elevation and volume of deposition and erosion to determine the dominant force of geometric change on the SPS before, during and after the high water events in 2017 and 2019, using the study period 2001-2020. Lidar data and small uncrewed aerial system images are used to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and DEMs of difference (DoDs) from surveys conducted in May 2001, July 2007, June 2011, October 2015, May 2018, September 2018, July 2020 and August 2020. Results indicated water level was the most significant factor altering the topography of the SPS. Large storm events although erosive, were not as destructive to the shore environment as the long duration elevated summer water levels. From 2001-2015 the shoreline advanced an average of 0.25 m/year. From 2015-2018 and 2018-2020 the shoreline retreated 0.62 m/year, and 3.27 m/year respectively. The foredune position and elevation altered due to erosion of the dune toe caused by wave action and shoreline retreat from 2015-2020 compared to 2001-2015. To study volumetric changes, the SPS was split into seven ecogeomorphic zones that characterize the barrier-spit system at large. From 2007-2015 net deposition was recorded at five of the seven zones when applying a 95% confidence interval. The zones recording erosion were characterized by high dune complexes with sparse vegetation to anchor sand. From 2015-2018 net erosion was recorded in all seven zones, indicating water level had a statistically significant effect on the rate and volume of geomorphic change to this ecosystem. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences.

Ce travail porte sur la prise de parole des intellectuels francophones nord-ontariens entre 1970 et 1995. L'ouvrage présente une analyse de contenu exhaustive des principales revues académiques de l'espace étudié. Celles-ci apparaissent comme des supports indispensables à la parole des intellectuels. Elles se veulent également les lieux d'une mémoire intellectuelle en construction. L'analyse de contenu permet de dégager, sur une temporalité relativement longue - 25 ans - les thèmes privilégiés et les discours tenus sur la société franco-ontarienne, c'est-à-dire sur la communauté d'appartenance de la majorité des auteurs, et les formes de l'engagement des interprétants vis-à-vis de cette communauté. L'ensemble est une étude du champ intellectuel en milieu minoritaire.

La présente étude porte sur les emprunts linguistiques de nature lexicale fait par un groupe de Franco-Ontariens. L'objectif de l'étude consiste à décrire l'état de la langue française minoritaire en Ontario et d'évaluer les emprunts à l'anglais dans le domaine lexical. En particulier, nous examinons les emprunts relevant de quelques domaines d'activités spécialisés, de même que ceux relevant de la langue générale. Nous évaluons les catégories grammaticales des mots en cause, l'attribution du genre grammatical aux emprunts et l'influence que peuvent avoir certains facteurs sociaux et linguistiques sur ce phénomène. L'étude est menée dans un cadre sociolinguistique où deux langues sont en contact permanent. L'échantillon reflète l'usage spontané de trente adultes francophones de Sudbury, Ontario. Ces derniers ont rempli un questionnaire sociolinguistique et ils ont été sollicités pour un entretien enregistré portant sur quatre thèmes préétablis, en plus de la langue générale. Le dépouillement du corpus a consisté à repérer tous les emprunts à l'anglais qu'ont fait les locuteurs et à les classer selon leur domaine d'emploi, leur catégorie grammaticale et, pour ce qui est des substantifs, leur genre. Subséquemment, une analyse des données en fonction des renseignements fournis dans les questionnaires a permis de répondre aux questions d'ordre sociolinguistique qui faisaient l'objet de la recherche.

Reading Recovery is an early literacy intervention designed for first grade students who are considered at-risk of failure in learning to read and write after one year of formal schooling. This study has three main objectives based on the series of scores obtained from the administration of the Observation Survey within a school year. The first one aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Reading Recovery. The second objective considers the time of the year when the intervention occurs. The third objective consists in determining the predictive value of the reading and writing measures used in this program. A total of 1044 children at-risk of early reading difficulties were identified upon entry in grade one and received one-to-one daily thirty minute lessons offered by qualified Reading Recovery teachers. An Observation Survey of early literacy achievement (Clay, 2002) was used to assess emergent literacy in children during two separate period during the school year: at the time of Entry or pre-test and at the Exit or post-test. Data were also available for over 300 successful Reading Recovery students who were re-assessed at the end of the school year. These data were analyzed to establish the long-term effect of the intervention within the same school year. Findings suggest that the early intervention is effective for nearly 80% of low performing first graders to reach the average range of their peers in terms of literacy achievement on all measures. The successful children who had benefited from Reading Recovery early in the school year had reached the average range by the time the next group of children had been selected. Amongst the measures comprised in the assessment materials Letter Identification and Hearing and Recording Sounds in Words were the best predictors of success.

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Between 1821 and 1871, evangelical missionaries representing the dominant Protestant and Catholic churches, ventured to Sault Ste. Marie. They came to proselytize and 'civilize' the Anishinabeg community living in the borderlands of British North America and the United States. Within the Sault region, the Anishinabeg, as well as Baptist, Anglican, Methodist, Catholic, and Presbyterian ministers, interacted in a multiplicity of ways which led to the development of different understandings concerning both conversion and Christianity. / To contextualize the multiplicity of interactions within the context of the borderlands, this dissertation delves into the local history of the American and Canadian Sault villages, Indian policies, and missions before discussing the processes of translation, conversion, and participant interactions. After establishing the historical context of the Sault region, this study focuses on the role of women and cultural intermediaries employed in spreading Christianity. In particular, their roles, lives, actions, and opinions concerning the processes of missionization are explored. Finally, in examining conversion, this dissertation addresses both missionary and Anishinabeg understandings while avoiding the pitfalls of success/failure dichotomy. / This study demonstrates that the Sault-region Anishinabeg, while nominally Christian by the mid-nineteenth century, perceived their conversions and Christianity from within their cultural framework. Additionally, the cultural intermediaries often neglected in mission studies, played a pivotal role in presenting the Christian message to potential converts. Women, whether Native or non-Native, likewise performed a variety of tasks at the missions which must be considered when examining the multiplicity of interactions between proselytizer and proselyte. The nature of the border region allowed the Anishinabeg to retain a sense of independence in action and thought which is reflected in the processes of Christianization until the 1870s. Taken together, the multiplicity of observers, participants, translations, understandings, interpretations, and conversions can be aptly described as a whirlwind where the disconnected became connected. However one views these multiplicities, the processes at work can only be glimpsed as snapshots of understanding.

The research examines the development of women's prison writing through the journal of the Kingston Prison for Women, Tightwire. The journal enabled the prisoners to articulate their experience of prison for themselves as a specific subject-group, as women and as legal subjects. The research connects the prison writing to alterations in legal discourse which reflect the emergence of women as a specific group. The prison writings suggest that extra-legal discourse transforms legal discourse and practice. The appendix includes a selection of poems and comments from Tightwire .