Ammunition Transfer System (ATS) is the electro-mechanical system of the Ammunition Resupply Vehicle (ARV) which will be used to meet T-155 mm Firtina howitzers&rsquo / ammunition demand for tactical requirements of higher firing rate by off-road mobility and survivability. The transfer of ammunitions from ARV to Firtina is to be optimized for an effective improvement of firing rate. In this thesis the transferring order of carried ammunitions is being optimized to minimize the total ammunition transferring time. This transfer problem is modeled as a modification of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The given locations of the ammunitions are treated as cities to be visited and the gripper of ATS is treated as the traveling salesman. By GAMS / the small-size problems are solved optimally but large-size ones get only local optimum. A heuristic algorithm that contains nearest neighbor heuristics as construction method and 2-opt exchange heuristic as improvement method is developed to obtain same or better solutions obtained by GAMS with less computational time.

The thesis deals with the major reform of the Czech pension system in 2013 which introduces a new pension pillar, the Capitalization pillar. This reform has introduced a new possibility for consumers to save up for their retirement. Along with the first Pay-As-You-Go pension pillar and voluntary pension savings pillar it constitutes a new three pillar pension system in the Czech Republic. The second part of this thesis focuses on calculations which should answer the question: "For whom is the opt-out from the PAYG pillar to the Capitalization pillar profitable?"

A escolha dos métodos de planejamento e controle de produção mais adequados para uma determinada empresa, é uma tarefa bastante árdua. Dentro de um mercado global, no qual a competitividade é a tônica, a procura de metodologias que permitam o aumento da produtividade é uma constante. O presente trabalho avalia as metodologias MRPII, "kanban" e OPT diante de alguns dos fatores que devem ser analisados para o projeto de um sistema de controle de produção. Os fatores analisados são: natureza da demanda, características dos produtos e processos, fontes de suprimento, nível tecnológico dos equipamentos e os estágios da organização da produção. / Choosing the right production planning and control system is a challenging task for every industrial company. In global markets, with strong competition, there are constant searches for the introduction of new methodologies or the implementation of strongly established ones, that represents increasing of productivity. This paper analyses some factors which are important to take into account for the choice of an specific methodology. The factors analyzed are: the nature of the demand, the products and process characteristics, sources of suppliers, the technology levei and the stage of the production organization.

A escolha dos métodos de planejamento e controle de produção mais adequados para uma determinada empresa, é uma tarefa bastante árdua. Dentro de um mercado global, no qual a competitividade é a tônica, a procura de metodologias que permitam o aumento da produtividade é uma constante. O presente trabalho avalia as metodologias MRPII, "kanban" e OPT diante de alguns dos fatores que devem ser analisados para o projeto de um sistema de controle de produção. Os fatores analisados são: natureza da demanda, características dos produtos e processos, fontes de suprimento, nível tecnológico dos equipamentos e os estágios da organização da produção. / Choosing the right production planning and control system is a challenging task for every industrial company. In global markets, with strong competition, there are constant searches for the introduction of new methodologies or the implementation of strongly established ones, that represents increasing of productivity. This paper analyses some factors which are important to take into account for the choice of an specific methodology. The factors analyzed are: the nature of the demand, the products and process characteristics, sources of suppliers, the technology levei and the stage of the production organization.

A escolha dos métodos de planejamento e controle de produção mais adequados para uma determinada empresa, é uma tarefa bastante árdua. Dentro de um mercado global, no qual a competitividade é a tônica, a procura de metodologias que permitam o aumento da produtividade é uma constante. O presente trabalho avalia as metodologias MRPII, "kanban" e OPT diante de alguns dos fatores que devem ser analisados para o projeto de um sistema de controle de produção. Os fatores analisados são: natureza da demanda, características dos produtos e processos, fontes de suprimento, nível tecnológico dos equipamentos e os estágios da organização da produção. / Choosing the right production planning and control system is a challenging task for every industrial company. In global markets, with strong competition, there are constant searches for the introduction of new methodologies or the implementation of strongly established ones, that represents increasing of productivity. This paper analyses some factors which are important to take into account for the choice of an specific methodology. The factors analyzed are: the nature of the demand, the products and process characteristics, sources of suppliers, the technology levei and the stage of the production organization.

No description available.

Cílem předkládané disertační práce je popsat problémy financování současného systému důchodového zabezpečení a na základě analýzy možných řešení, v rámci navrhovaných důchodových reforem, propočítat dopad jejich realizace na zvolený typ pojištěnce - představitele tranzitivní generace obyvatelstva.

An increasing number of parents are opting-out their children from high-stakes. Accountability systems in education have used students' test scores to measure student learning, teacher effectiveness, and school district performance. Students who are opted-out of high-stakes tests are not being evaluated by the state tests, making their level of achievement or proficiency unknown by the state government. The purpose of this basic interpretive qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the various reasons, factors, experiences, and personal events that led parents to opt-out their children from at least one 3rd through 8th grade high-stakes test. Data were collected using a researcher-designed semi-structured interview protocol developed using ecological approaches to systems theories and critical pedagogy theories. The study was set in New York and 10 participants were interviewed, all from different rural or small suburban school districts throughout the state. Five themes and 12 subthemes emerged from first and second cycle coding. Key findings indicated that parents decided to opt-out their children from high-stakes tests because they felt high-stakes were inappropriate and unfair. Further, parents were dissatisfied with current high-stakes testing practices. Previous 3rd through 8th grade testing procedures that allowed teachers to make and grade the state tests were seen as acceptable. Parents indicated no issue with testing. However, from a social change perspective they felt the current system of high stakes testing was used improperly to rate students, teachers, programs, and school districts, and that testing should be used to drive instruction and help struggling students. This study is beneficial for school personnel and policy makers because it provides different ways to assess student achievement.

Nation State vs. European Integration: Specific Approach of the Kingdom of Denmark ------------------------------------ The doctoral thesis analyses specific approach of Denmark to the European integration process, with focus on the analysis of the public opinion, operationalised by the concept of public euroscepticism. Firstly, the thesis strives do define convenient model of typology of public euroscepticism, able to describe its intensity and different forms. Secondly, case study of Denmark as a pure example of a small nation state is applied to this model. Firstly, the case study describes basic pillars of the Danish society, as the perception of the nation state, economic model of the welfare state, political system etc. Furthermore it analyses political and public debates before the "European" referendums and in relation to other milestones and priorities of the Danish EC/EU membership. Special attention is given to the analysis of Danish opt-outs of the Treaty of Maastricht, its causes, consequences and future. The outcomes of the analysis are used together with Eurobarometer surveys to define the typology of Danish public euroscepticism and its development. It is characterized as soft and sovereignty-based with decreasing tendency. It is true to say that especially the perception of the state sovereignty and national identity within Denmark, i.e. other small nation states, as a consequence of the nation state concept, is one of the main factors influencing its approach to the European integration quite significantly.

The development of the United Nation’s Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) started at the beginning of the 20th century in order to provide a uniform legal regime for international sales contracts. The development started because of a belief that a uniform international sales convention would contribute certainty in commercial trade and decrease transaction costs for the contracting parties. The Convention was signed in Vienna 1980 and came into force in 1988 after securing the necessary number of ratifications. The CISG is automatically applied to international sale contracts in certain given situations but the contracting parties are free to exclude the Convention as applicable law in favour of another regulation. As of today, more than 25 years after the CISG came into force, the Convention is commonly being excluded as the governing law of international sales contracts. By studying surveys and academic writings, certain factors can be derived as reasons prior to an exclusion of the CISG. The factors can be referred to as unfamiliarity, time and costs, negotiation strength and standard form contracts or standard terms. Regarding unfamiliarity, the importance given to the Convention in law faculties within the signatory states, together with time and costs attributed to a familiarization process, seems to play an important role. Moreover, the Convention is associated with problems regarding a non-uniform interpretation of the Convention’s provisions within the national courts and arbitral tribunals, as well as regarding its incompleteness, meaning that there are gaps that need to be filled by national law. These problems affect the Convention’s ability to provide potential users with legal certainty and predictability, which in turn may affect the familiarity with the Convention and hence have an impact on an exclusion of the CISG.