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L’augmentation de la pression intraoculaire (PIO) constitue un important facteur de risque dans l’apparition d’un glaucome, car elle est susceptible d’endommager de manière irréversible le nerf optique et de mener à une perte de la vision. Cependant, les médicaments actuellement utilisés pour réduire la PIO pénètrent difficilement dans l’oeil jusqu’à leur site d’action. En effet, plusieurs barrières physiologiques empêchent les corps étrangers d’y accéder. Il s’avère donc nécessaire de développer un système de relargage permettant d’améliorer la médication contre le glaucome. L’hypothèse de ce projet est basée sur l’utilisation des nanoparticules d’or (AuNP) en tant que vecteurs de médicaments, ainsi que sur leur propriété de liaison aux protéines du film pré-cornéen afin d’augmenter la biodisponibilité et l’efficacité des médicaments contre le glaucome. La synthèse et la purification d’AuNP stabilisées par différents groupements polyéthylène glycol (PEG) ont été mises au point et optimisées. L’étude de l’encapsulation du travoprost, molécule fortement hydrophobe utilisée actuellement pour traiter le glaucome, a été réalisée par spectroscopie UV-visible (UV-vis) et diffusion dynamique de la lumière (DLS). Les propriétés mucoadhésives des AuNP ont été étudiées notamment par UV-vis, spectrofluorimétrie, ainsi que par une méthode de quantification colorimétrique. Le PEG constitue un environnement favorable permettant d’encapsuler le travoprost, alors que les mucines sont en mesure de se lier efficacement aux AuNP jusqu’à leur coeur métallique. Les AuNP stabilisées par du PEG monothiol de 2000 g/mol (PEG 2000-SH) sont plus mucoadhésives que celles stabilisées par un mélange de PEG 2000-SH et de PEG 1000 double thiol. Ces travaux répondent à une problématique actuelle qui est la faible biodisponibilité des médicaments contre le glaucome administrés par voie topique. À terme, si les propriétés mucoadhésives des AuNP se confirment, cette stratégie pourrait être utilisée pour des médicaments visant d’autres muqueuses (respiratoires, sexuelles, digestives ou bu / An increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in the development of glaucoma because it can irreversibly damage the optic nerve, eventually resulting in vision loss. However, IOP-reducing drugs which are topically administrated do not permeate easily into the eye to reach their site of action. Indeed, many physiological barriers prevent the entrance of foreign bodies. It is thus necessary to develop a new drug release system in order to improve glaucoma medication. The hypothesis of this project is based on the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as drug vectors and their properties to bind tear film proteins in order to increase the bioavailability and efficiency of IOP-reducing drugs used to treat glaucoma. The synthesis and purification of AuNP stabilized by different polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups were developed and optimized. The study of the encapsulation of travoprost, a highly hydrophobic drug currently used to treat glaucoma, was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and dynamic light scattering. The mucoadhesive properties of AuNP were assessed, in particular by UV-vis, spectrofluorimetry and by a colorimetric quantification method. Depending on the type of AuNP, mucins are able to efficiently interact with their metallic core or their surface. Moreover, the PEG groups coating the nanoparticles constitute a favorable environment for the travoprost, allowing the AuNP to encapsulate several molecules. AuNP stabilized by thiolated PEG having a molar weight of 2000 g/mol (PEG 2000-SH) are more efficient than AuNP stabilized by PEG 2000-SH plus dithiol PEG 1000 (AuNP double thiol). This research project proposes solutions countering the low bioavailability of topically-administered antiglaucoma drugs. Eventually, this strategy could be used to deliver other classes of drugs to other mucosal targets, such as respiratory, sexual, digestive or buccal ones.

L’or, en raison de sa rareté et de ses nombreuses applications, est l’un des métaux les plus convoités. Il est principalement recherché pour sa valeur monétaire élevée qui a d’autant plus subi une hausse importante au cours des dernières années. Cette hausse de la valeur de l’or a grandement contribué à modifier le visage des nouveaux projets aurifères mis de l’avant en permettant à plusieurs compagnies d’exploiter des gisements à faibles teneurs ou contenant des minerais difficiles à traiter. Une chute drastique du prix de l’or aurait un impact important sur la rentabilité de ces nouveaux projets. L’une des façons de minimiser ce risque est de cibler une optimisation économique des circuits de cyanuration. Ce projet propose d’optimiser les circuits de cyanuration de l’or par simulation en basant son raisonnement sur la caractérisation de l’accessibilité des surfaces d’or. Pour ce faire, on caractérise cette accessibilité et on exploite ensuite l’information obtenue pour modéliser les différentes étapes d’un circuit conventionnel d’extraction de l’or par cyanuration. Lors de l’étape de broyage, les particules aurifères sont fragmentées pour libérer les surfaces d’or. Étant donné la grande différence de densité entre l’or et la gangue, cette libération a un impact considérable sur la classification gravimétrique des particules. Finalement, lors de l’étape de lixiviation, l’accessibilité des surfaces facilite l’attaque de l’or par le cyanure en présence d’oxygène et joue un rôle primordial sur l’optimisation du circuit. Pour créer des modèles représentatifs, il est essentiel d’avoir en main des données cohérentes et justes. Sans une bonne qualité de données, la calibration et même l’identification de la structure d’un modèle peuvent être faussées. Dans le cas des minerais aurifères, la nature intrinsèque du minerai et les difficultés associées à l’analyse des concentrations en or dans les phases liquides et solides peuvent entraîner des mesures non représentatives de la population globale à caractériser. La première étape de ce projet de recherche consiste donc à explorer l’application de la réconciliation de données aux procédés d’extraction de l’or. Ceci permet de rendre cohérentes les données issues de campagnes industrielles d’échantillonnage et de créer des modèles représentatifs de fragmentation, de classification et de lixiviation. La vitesse de cyanuration est fortement dépendante du degré de libération de l’or et par conséquent de la taille des particules aurifères. Il est donc important d’identifier dans quelle classe granulométrique se trouvent les grains d’or dans le minerai. Le premier modèle proposé dans ce projet permet de caractériser la distribution de l’or dans les différentes classes granulométriques ainsi que son accessibilité. Ceci est effectué en combinant un modèle de libération cubique et un modèle de broyage qui fait intervenir des fonctions de broyage et de sélection différentes pour les particules porteuses d’or et celles de gangue. Le modèle proposé est calibré et validé sur une série d’essais de broyage effectués en laboratoire. La classification gravimétrique influence différemment le partage des particules mixtes, d’or libre et de gangue entre la surverse et la sousverse d’hydrocyclones. Étant donné que les particules mixtes et d’or libre ont des degrés d’accessibilité différents et, par conséquent, des cinétiques de lixiviation différentes, la classification influence la performance des circuits de cyanuration positionnés en aval d’hydrocyclones. On propose donc de coupler le degré d’accessibilité, obtenu par le modèle de broyage, au modèle de Plitt à l’aide de la densité des particules. En bref, selon que l’or est totalement libéré ou attaché à une particule de minerai, son comportement en classification est différent puisqu’il est influencé par la densité de la particule. Le modèle développé est ensuite appliqué à des données industrielles. Pour ce faire, il est cependant nécessaire de faire intervenir un second modèle puisqu’une cyanuration a lieu à l’intérieur des broyeurs de ce circuit. Un modèle simplifié permettant de caractériser la lixiviation de l’or simultanément à la fragmentation du minerai est donc proposé. L’information relative au degré d’exposition des surfaces d’or alimente un modèle phénoménologique de cyanuration. Le modèle intègre les concepts d’exposition et de diffusion tout en tenant compte de la stœchiométrie de la réaction de dissolution de l’or et de la consommation du cyanure par les cyanicides. Des essais en laboratoire sont utilisés pour confirmer la prédominance de la réaction diffusionnelle dans le processus de cyanuration industriel. Ces essais sont également utilisés pour calibrer et valider le modèle proposé. L’ensemble des modèles développés est regroupé dans un simulateur d’usine couplant l’accessibilité des surfaces d’or à sa dissolution. À cette fin, les modèles développés pour des conditions discontinues sont adaptés à une application continue. Finalement, le simulateur est utilisé pour étudier différents scénarios d’optimisation économique de circuits de cyanuration. Les modèles développés et les résultats obtenus sont encourageants et permettent de jeter les bases d’une approche reliant l’accessibilité des surfaces au broyage, à la classification gravimétrique et à la cyanuration de l’or. / Gold, because of its rarity and its various applications is one of the most coveted metals. It is mainly known for its high value that has significantly increased recently. This increase in the value of gold contributed to change the face of new gold projects by allowing companies to exploit low grade deposits or difficult ore to process. A drastic fall in the price of gold would have a significant impact on the profitability of these new projects. One way to minimize this risk is to focus on economic optimization of cyanidation circuits. This project proposes to optimize gold cyanidation circuits with simulation based on the characterization of gold surfaces accessibility. To do so, gold accessibility is characterized. The information is then use to model the different stages of a conventional cyanidation gold extraction circuit. During the grinding step, the gold particles are broken to liberate gold surfaces. Given the high density difference between gold and the non-value minerals, liberation has a significant impact on the gravimetric classification. Finally, during leaching, the accessibility of surfaces facilitates the attack of gold by cyanide in presence of oxygen. This latest link is used to optimize leaching circuits. To create representative models, it is essential to have consistent data. With poor data quality, calibration, and even model structure may be distorted. In the case of gold ores, the intrinsic nature of the ore and the difficulties associated with gold concentration measurements in the liquid and solid phases can lead to non-representative data sets of the ore to characterize. Therefore, the first step of this research project is to explore the data reconciliation application to gold extraction processes measurements. This corrects data from industrial sampling campaigns and allows creating representative models of fragmentation, classification and leaching. Cyanidation kinetic is highly dependent of the degree of gold liberation and consequently is dependant on ore particle size. It is therefore important to identify in which ore size class the gold grains are. The first model proposed in this project characterizes the distribution of gold in different size classes as well as its accessibility. This is done by combining a cubic liberation model and a grinding model that uses different breakage and selection functions for mixed and non-value particles. The proposed model is calibrated and validated on a series of laboratory grinding tests. The gravimetric classification influences differently mixed particles, free gold and free non-value particles partition to the overflow and underflow of hydrocyclones. Liberated gold grains and gold attached to mixed particle have different classification behavior because they are influenced by the density of the particle. Furthermore, mixed particles and liberated gold grains have different degrees of accessibility and different leaching kinetics. Consequently, classification as an influence on cyanidation circuits performances positioned downstream of hydrocyclones. It is therefore proposed to link the information on the degree of gold accessibility obtained by the grinding model to Plitt’s classification model by using particle density. The model is then applied to industrial data. To do so, it is however necessary to introduce a second model since cyanidation takes place inside the mills of this grinding circuit. A simplified model for characterizing the gold leaching simultaneously with the fragmentation of the ore is proposed. Information on the exposure of gold surfaces feed a phenomenological model of cyanidation. The model incorporates the concepts of exposure and diffusion while taking into account the stoichiometry of gold dissolution reaction and cyanide consumption by cyanicides. Laboratory tests are used to confirm that the reaction rate is limited by diffusion in the industrial cyanidation process. These tests are also used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. All the models developed are grouped in a simulator combining the degree of gold surface accessibility to gold dissolution. To this end, the models developed for batch conditions are adapted for continuous application. Finally, the simulator is used to study different scenarios of cyanidation circuit economic optimization. The models developed and the results obtained lay the foundations to integrate liberation to grinding, gravity classification and cyanidation of gold.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 9 juillet 2020) / Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) et Université de technologie de Troyes, Troyes, France / La nano-optique ouvre des portes à de nouvelles technologies afin de développer de nouveaux moyens de détections. L’avantage d’utiliser ce type de technologie provient de la taille nanométrique où les propriétés de la matière sont différentes de celle à l’état macroscopique. Notamment, lors de l’excitation de nanoparticules métalliques par des photons, il y a une oscillation harmonique du nuage électronique des électrons de surface formant ainsi un plasmon. La résonance plasmon peut interagir avec la matière à proximité. Par exemple, lorsqu'un fluorophore organique est placé à proximité du plasmon, il peut y avoir un couplage entre les dipôles des deux entités pouvant produire un transfert d’énergie. Dans certains cas, la particule peut absorber cette énergie et la redistribuer dans ses différents canaux de désexcitation radiatifs ou non. Dans ce projet, des nanoparticules composées d’un cœur de silice, d’une coquille d’or et d’une couche de silice externe ont été synthétisées. En dopant la silice des différentes couches avec deux types de fluorophores organiques, il sera possible d’étudier les différents modes de désexcitation du plasmon des nanocoquilles d’or. Les propriétés spectroscopiques des fluorophores tels le taux d’émission et le temps de vie de fluorescence sont influencés par les propriétés du plasmon. En étudiant ceux-ci en fonction de leur emplacement au sein de la structure, nous serons en mesure de décrire les qualités du plasmon des particules synthétisées par voie chimique. / Nano-optics is a gateway for new technologies that helps developing new detection methods. The advantage of using this type of technology comes from the nanometric scale where the properties of materials are different from that of the macroscopic state. For instance, when a metallic nanoparticle is excited by photons, there is a harmonic oscillation of the electron cloud of the surface’s electrons thus forming a plasmon. This oscillator can interact with its surrounding medium. As it is when a dye molecule is placed in the vicinity of the plasmon, there’s a coupling between the dipoles of the two entities allowing energy transfers. In some case, the particle can redistribute this energy through different channels of de-excitation leading to radiative and non-radiative path. In this project, the nanoparticles synthesized have a silica core with a gold shell topped with a silica layer. To study the plasmon’s de-excitation paths in the gold nanoshell, we have doped the silica core and shell with two kinds of fluorescent molecules. The interaction between the fluorophores and the plasmon can be seen by the modification of the spectroscopic properties of the dyes such as the emission rate and the fluorescence lifetime. By studying these according to their location within the structure, we will be able to describe the plasmon’s attributes of the chemically synthesized particles.

Augmitto-Bouzan est un segment de 12 km de long à Rouyn-Noranda (Québec, Canada) de la zone de déformation Cadillac Larder-Lake (ZDCLL) caractérisé par une minéralisation aurifère inégalement distribuée, dans des veines de quartz-carbonate±tourmaline. L'étude compare les conditions de circulation passées des fluides entre les secteurs enrichis et pauvres en or afin d'identifier les processus responsables de l'enrichissement en or du segment. Les veines de quartz (δ¹⁸O: 11.3-16.8‰) tourmaline (δ¹⁸O: 8.5-11.9‰; δD: -59- -18‰) et carbonate (δ¹⁸O: 11.3-15‰; δ¹³C: -6.2- -2.8‰) sont principalement encaissées dans les roches ultramafiques-mafiques altérées du Groupe de Piché, reconnus comme étant l'expression physique de la ZDCLL. Le quartz et la tourmaline présentent des températures d'équilibre (228-420°C) qui définissent un gradient thermique vertical élevé (~30°C/100m) au sein du Groupe de Piché. La covariation entre la température et les valeurs δ¹⁸O[indice H2O] et δD[indice H2O] est interprétée comme représentant un mélange entre un fluide métamorphique profond de haute température (>420°C), haut δ¹⁸O[indice H2O] (>10.8‰) et bas δD (<-29‰) et un fluide interstitiel de la croûte supérieure de plus basse température (<230°C), bas δ¹⁸O (<4‰) et haut δD (~0‰). Les valeurs plus élevées de δD[indice H2O] sont probablement liées aux cycles d'évaporation-condensation associés au mécanisme faille-valve dans les veines. Des remontées locales de fluide métamorphique, mises en évidence par l'interpolation du δ¹⁸O[indice H2O], sont observées dans les blocs Augmitto-Cinderella et Astoria et ont probablement été canalisées dans des structures de perméabilité plus élevée. Les secteurs moins minéralisés présentent des δ¹⁸O[indice H2O] et des rapports fluide/roche plus faibles, reflétant probablement une plus grande proportion de fluide poral et des changements d'écoulement des fluides. La modélisation de l'écoulement des fluides montre que la plus grande proportion de fluide de la croûte supérieure dans les secteurs moins minéralisés est due à 1) un écoulement moins volumineux de fluide métamorphique dans le Groupe de Piché plus mince et 2) la présence de roches plus poreuses au nord de la ZDCLL, à partir desquelles une quantité plus importante de fluide poral s'infiltre dans la faille. Nous suggérons donc que la majorité des variations des teneurs aurifères est liée à la variation du flux de fluide métamorphique le long du segment. Un écoulement de fluide métamorphique moins abondant ou dilué diminue le potentiel aurifère le long de la ZDCLL. / Augmitto-Bouzan is a 12 km long segment of the Cadillac Larder-Lake deformation zone (CLLDZ) in Rouyn-Noranda (Québec, Canada) characterized by an uneven gold mineralization distribution, hosted in quartz-carbonate±tourmaline veins. This study compares the past fluid flow conditions between the variable gold-endowed sectors to identify processes responsible for gold endowment in the area. Quartz (δ¹⁸O: 11.8-16.8‰), tourmaline (δ¹⁸O: 8.5-11.9‰; δD: -59- -18‰) and carbonate (δ¹⁸O: 11.3-15‰; δ¹³C: -6.2- -2.8‰) veins are mainly hosted in the ultramafic-mafic Piché Group recognized as the physical expression of the CLLDZ. Quartz and tourmaline display equilibrium temperatures (228-420°C) that define a high vertical thermal gradient (~30°C/100m) within the host lithologies Covariation between temperature and computed δ¹⁸O[subscript H2O] and δD[subscript H2O] is interpreted to result from mixing between a high temperature (>420°C), high δ¹⁸O (>10.8‰), and low δD (<-29‰) deep-seated metamorphic fluid, and a low temperature (<230°C), low δ¹⁸O (<4‰) and high δD (~0‰) upper crustal pore fluid. The higher δD[subscript H2O] (up to 43‰) values are likely associated with flash vaporization and condensation cycles related to fault-valve mechanisms in the veins. Local upwellings of deep-seated fluid, evidenced by interpolation of δ¹⁸O[subscript H2O], are observed in the Augmitto-Cinderella and Astoria blocks and were likely focused along deformation-related pathways of higher permeability. Sectors of low gold endowment have lower δ¹⁸O[subscript H2O] and fluid/rock ratios, likely reflecting a larger proportion of upper crustal fluid and fluid-flow changes. Modelling of fluid flow shows that the larger proportion of upper crustal fluid in the less endowed sectors is due to 1) the less abundant metamorphic fluid that flowed in the thinner band of Piché Group rocks and 2) the presence of more porous rocks north of the CLLDZ, from which a larger quantity of pore fluid was drawn into the fault. We suggest that most of the variation of gold endowment is related to the variation of the gold-bearing metamorphic fluid flow along the segment. Less abundant or diluted metamorphic fluid flow decreases the gold potential along the CLLDZ.

This study focuses on orthodoxy and mysticism in the religious thought of Shaikh Mul,tammad ibn Tahir al-Fattani (914/1508-986/1578), a sixteenth century Sunui Rohra scholar. Islam had persistently presented two faces: one that was shari ah­ minded and concerned with the outward, socially cognizable behaviour and anothE'r mystkal-minded, concerned with the inward, personal life of the individual. The former was the domain of the "ulama", whereas the Sufi pirs accepted the care of the latter. While there were always those who accepted the one face of Islam as genuine and mistrusted the other or even regarded it as spurious, Shaikh al-Fattani succeecded in marrying the two. He was at once both a mystic pir and an orthodox religious scholar. A biography of Mul}ammad ibn Tahir al-Fattani based on the previous works is attempted with the aim being to collect the factual information pertaining directly to the details of his life. The last years of Shaikh al-F'attani's life were devoted to his reform involvement in his community and particularly to the removal of the Mahdawiyyah thoughts of Sayyid Muhammad Jawnpuri)who had declared himself the promised Mahdi. Against this backdrop of the life account of al-Fattani elements of orthodoxy and mysticism are identified in his scholarly works. Best known for his work Majma bihar al-anwar fi gharaib al-tanzil wa lataif al-akhbir, all the extant works of the Shaikh are discussed. To understand tbe subject within the context of his ethnic identity, aspects of the Bohra community are studied . lt is shown that their occupation as merchants and a history that emphasised their ancient link to the faith of Islam were some of the factors that shaped their group identity. Religious affiliation of the Bohras is explored in detail and after examining the various religious groupings it is evident that the principal communities amongst them differ substantially in their belief systems. Muslims of Sunni Bohra descent are to be found in South Africa. The Sunni Bohra community in general and their ulama in particular are today constantly challenged to not only be devoted to orthodoxy but to sufi doctrine and discipline as well. / Religious studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the impact that an increase in recreational expenditures, resulting from water quality improvements of Klamath Lake, would have upon the Klamath County economy. As the sales of the economy expand to serve the needs of the recreationists, real benefits will be forthcoming to the businesses and households of the county in the forms of more business and higher incomes. To estimate the total impact of the increased volume of recreational expenditures that may be made in the economy, the economic relationships of the local economy had to be determined. Primary data were collected from business firms in the county to construct an input-output model of the county's economy. The level of recreational expenditures that would be made in the county as the water quality of the lake improved were estimated. This was done for two different stages of water quality improvement. The estimated levels of recreational expenditures were then analyzed within the input-output framework to estimate the total increase in the sales of the economy and to estimate the increase in income of households in the county. / Graduation date: 1971

La construction de cartes de génomes consiste à baliser les chromosomes par des repères : les marqueurs. Plus une carte est dense en marqueurs régulièrement espacés, plus elle est informative et donc plus les applications ultérieures sont nombreuses. Parmi les différentes stratégies de cartographie, celle exploitant les hybrides d'irradiation dite carte RH, présente de nombreux avantages. Ainsi, des marqueurs polymorphes tels que les microsatellites, utiles pour les analyses de liaisons génétiques et des marqueurs de gènes, polymorphes ou non polymorphes permettant d'établir des cartes comparées avec d'autres génomes et définir des zones de conservation ou de rupture de synténie, peuvent être localisés sur une carte RH. Ces cartes comparées sont utiles non seulement pour l'identification de gènes d'intérêts mais également pour l'étude de l'évolution des génomes. Parmi les nombreux vertébrés d’intérêt, nous nous sommes particulièrement attachés à la construction de cartes RH de poissons et de cichlidés en particulier. Ceux-ci constituent en effet un modèle génétique très intéressant du point de vue économique et évolutif. La réalisation de cartes des génomes de plusieurs poissons devrait aider à l'identification de gènes impliqués dans des traits phénotypiques ou pathologiques voire même des marqueurs liés aux stress et à la reproduction. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à construire une carte du génome du bar, un panel RH de tilapia et la carte RH attenante qui a été utilisée dans la phase finale de l’assemblage des données de séquence du génome de Tilapia. Par ailleurs nous avons construit un panel RH d’esturgeon et un autre d’huitre. La cartographie du génome de tilapia, réalisée dans le cadre d’un consortium international, nous a donné un accès privilégié aux données de séquences des génomes de cinq cichlidés (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra) et nous a permis de participer à l’annotation de ces séquences génomiques en nous intéressant plus particulièrement à l’identification des répertoires des gènes codant pour les récepteurs olfactifs (OR) et les récepteurs connus sous le vocable de TAAR pour ‘ Trace Amine-Associated Receptors’. C’est ainsi que nous avons identifié et caractérisé 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 gènes OR et 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 gènes TAAR dans les génomes de ces cinq poissons (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra) / The construction of genome maps consists in placing tags, called markers, on the chromosomes. The denser in evenly spaced markers is a map, the more it is informative, leading to the development of more future applications. Among the different mapping strategies, those using radiation hybrids (RH) have numerous advantages. Indeed, polymorphic markers such as microsatellites, useful for linkage analyses, as well as gene markers, polymorphic or not and allowing comparative mapping with other genomes and definition of synteny breaks and conservation, can be localized on a RH map. Not only these maps are useful to identify genes of interest but they are also essential tools to study genome evolution. Among numerous vertebrates of interest, we constructed RH maps of fishes and cichlids in particular. Indeed these fishes constitute interesting genetic models from economical and evolution points of view. Having genome maps of several of these fishes would help to identify genes implicated in phenotypical or pathological traits, or even markers linked to stress and reproduction. My thesis work consisted in the construction of a genome map of the sea bass, a tilapia RH panel and its RH map, a sturgeon RH panel as well as an oyster RH panel. The tilapia map was used for the assembly of the sequencing data of the tilapia genome. Thanks to this last work realized with an international consortium we had a privileged access to the sequencing data of five cichlid genomes (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi and M. zebra). We then participated to the annotation of these genomic sequences. In particular we have identified and characterized the olfactory receptor gene (OR) repertoires and of the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) gene repertoires of these five cichlids. Which are then made of 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 OR genes and 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 TAAR genes respectively.

Emoções faciais desempenham um papel fundamental nas relações interpessoais humanas. Certas doenças psiquiátricas podem se caracterizar por déficits no reconhecimento das emoções. Nesse contexto, o presente projeto faz parte de um projeto maior que visa a desenvolver um jogo sério para auxílio ao diagnóstico e treinamento no reconhecimento de expressões faciais utilizando grafos And-Or para representação de emoções. Este projeto de mestrado define, implementa e avalia uma abordagem que gera caricaturas de várias emoções faciais (satisfação, tristeza, surpresa, medo, aversão, raiva e neutra) a partir de imagens de treinamento. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de processamento de imagens que localiza pontos de controle faciais em imagens reais de pessoas expressando as diferentes emoções, e aprende as variações de todos os pontos de controle, da face neutra para uma determinada emoção, para caracterização das expressões faciais. Para poder comparar a fidelidade da representação da emoção desejada nas imagens geradas, com respeito a uma abordagem anterior (que utiliza antropometria e FACS - Facial Action Coding System), um experimento com voluntários foi conduzido. Os resultados mostraram que a taxa de reconhecimento das imagens geradas com a metodologia proposta neste projeto, em relação às imagens geradas com a metodologia anterior, foi inferior em cinco emoções (medo, raiva, satisfação, surpresa e tristeza), igual para uma emoção (neutra) e superior para uma emoção (aversão). Para a emoção de aversão, cuja taxa de reconhecimento foi superior na abordagem proposta neste projeto, conseguiu-se aprender variações significativas de pontos de controle que não estão presentes nas unidades de ação que o FACS prevê para essa emoção. Esses dados sugerem que a proposta de aprender as variações de todos os pontos de controle da face pode ajudar em representar melhor as emoções faciais. Foram identificadas as possíveis causas para as taxas de reconhecimento inferiores das cinco emoções citadas, tanto na seleção da amostra de treinamento quanto nas etapas de processamento de imagens, as quais podem ser aperfeiçoadas a fim de melhorar a geração das caricaturas. Portanto, os resultados indicam que a abordagem apresentada é promissora, uma vez que considera todos os pontos de controle identificados em imagens reais e que o aperfeiçoamento de algumas fases do processo pode gerar caricaturas mais próximas das expressões reais, considerando diferentes intensidades das emoções / Facial emotions play a key role in human interpersonal relationships. Some psychiatric disorders may be characterized by deficits in recognizing emotions. In this context, this project is part of a major project that aims to develop a serious game to aid diagnosis and training in the recognition of facial expressions using And-Or graphs to emotions representing. This master\'s project defines, implements and evaluates an approach for generating caricatures of facial emotions (satisfaction, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, anger, neutral) from training images. An image processing method that locates facial points in facial expression images was developed, and learns the variations of all facial points, from neutral face to a particular emotion for facial expression characterization. In order to compare the fidelity representation of the desired emotion in images generated with respect to anterior approach (using Anthropometry and Facial Action Coding System FACS), an experiment with volunteers was conducted. The rate recognition results showed that images generated with the proposed approach, compared to previous approach, were lower in five emotions (fear, anger, satisfaction, surprise and sadness), same to an emotion (neutral) and higher to an emotion (disgust). For disgust emotion, it was possible to learn significant variations of facial points that are not present in the action units that FACS provides for that emotion. This data suggests that the proposal for learning the variations of all facial points may help the facial emotion characterization. Possible causes for the lower rates were identified, both in the selection of training sample images and steps of image processing, which can be optimized in order to enhance the generation of caricatures. Therefore, the results indicate this approach is promising, since considers all facial points, and the improvement of some stages of the process can generate closest caricatures of real expressions, considering different intensities of emotions

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-12-15T16:54:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CesarAugustoNardelliCostaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1666561 bytes, checksum: dfc90fd372bc3587e415a44daea0e219 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-12-15T16:54:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CesarAugustoNardelliCostaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1666561 bytes, checksum: dfc90fd372bc3587e415a44daea0e219 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T16:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CesarAugustoNardelliCostaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1666561 bytes, checksum: dfc90fd372bc3587e415a44daea0e219 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-24 / The objective of this study is to present the possibilities of jurisdictional intervention in the public budget, especially regarding the discussion, about the contribution of the Public Prosecution Service to the realization of fundamental rights through the judicial intervention in the public finances. The theme is part of the public budget problem in Brazil - object of theoretical revision in recent years, in the face of the progressive constitutionalization of the presuppositions of its understanding, in what can be called Due Budget Process. In this perspective, the finances of the State should reflect the priority public constitutional policies and the optimization of the administrative activity, as well as the result of a wide democratic discussion. In addition, it is necessary to discuss the binding effectiveness of budget laws in the period of their validity, which requires valid reasoning for hypotheses of change or contingency. Legitimate alternatives are presented that allow the success of judicial intervention in Public Finance when there is a flagrant violation of the legal order. In addition, the extrajudicial action of the Public Prosecutor's Office allows the resolution of constitutional conflicts with more speed and effectiveness. On the other hand, repressive action and judicial correction are indispensable tools for guaranteeing the community in all cases where preventive action is not successful. The work was developed through bibliographical and documentary research, being consulted publications referring to doctrine and jurisprudential documents. / O objetivo deste estudo ?? apresentar as possibilidades de interven????o jurisdicional no or??amento estatal, especialmente no que toca ?? contribui????o do Minist??rio P??blico para a efetiva????o de direitos fundamentais, por meio da interven????o jurisdicional nas finan??as p??blicas. O tema se insere na problem??tica sobre or??amento p??blico no Brasil, mat??ria objeto de revis??o te??rica nos ??ltimos anos, em face da progressiva constitucionaliza????o dos pressupostos de sua compreens??o, no que pode ser denominado Devido Processo Or??ament??rio. As finan??as do Estado devem refletir as pol??ticas p??blicas constitucionais priorit??rias e a otimiza????o da atividade administrativa, bem como o resultado de uma ampla discuss??o democr??tica. Al??m disso, ?? preciso debater, ainda, a efic??cia vinculante das leis or??ament??rias no per??odo de sua vig??ncia, o que exige fundamenta????o v??lida para hip??teses de altera????o ou de contingenciamento. S??o apresentadas alternativas leg??timas que possibilitem o ??xito da interven????o jurisdicional nas finan??as p??blicas quando se constatar flagrante viola????o da ordem jur??dica. Ademais, a atua????o extrajudicial do Minist??rio P??blico permite a resolu????o de conflitos constitucionais com mais celeridade e efetividade. Por outro lado, a atua????o repressiva e a corre????o judicial s??o instrumentos indispens??veis para a garantia da coletividade em todas as hip??teses que a a????o preventiva n??o tiver ??xito. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliogr??fica e documental, sendo consultadas publica????es referentes ?? doutrina e documentos jurisprudenciais.