INTRODUCTION: The anesthetic management for pediatric patients undergoing direct laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy (DLB) is administered based on the anesthesiologist’s preference. Objectives: The preliminary analysis of this study aims to identify variables that decrease surgical end-to-transport (SET) time and directly impacts patient outcomes. SET time is defined as the time of surgery end to the time of patient exit from the operating room. METHODS: After IRB approval, all DLBs performed at Boston Children’s Hospital (Boston, MA) by the Otolaryngology Department from June 2012 to December 2014 (n= 2419) were obtained from the Anesthesia Information Management System. With a 0.05 level of significance, a multivariate logistic regression was performed in SAS v9.3 with SET time as the dependent variable and surgery duration, age, gender, ASA status, airway device and extubation status as the independent variables. Airway device and extubation status were found to be moderately predictable of each other, so separate models were conducted. Spearman correlation testing was performed to evaluate the relationship between SET time and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) duration. RESULTS: We excluded cases having ASA classification >2, age >21 years, regional nerve blocks, tracheostomy, nasal cannula, or unknown airway or extubation status. Remaining cases (n = 967) were arranged by SET times and dichotomized by the median value (14 minutes) into two groups (≤14 minutes and >14 minutes). After adjusting for other variables, we found that patients with an endotracheal tube (ETT) were 4.85 times more likely to have a SET time higher than the median, as compared with to those having with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) (p = 0.0023, 95% CI: 1.76, 13.33). We also found that patients with an ETT were 2.89 times more likely to have a SET time higher than the median compared with those having a mask airway device. (p < 0.0001, 95% CI: 2.09, 3.98). In addition, there was a weak positive correlation between SET time and PACU duration (r = 0.09406, p = 0.0069). DISCUSSION: Preliminary analysis indicates that airway management has a significant impact on SET time after adjusting for surgery duration, age, gender, and ASA status. The use of either a mask or an LMA resulted in a lower SET time than the use of an ETT. The correlation of SET time and PACU duration suggests that reducing SET time does not negatively impact post-operative outcomes and may even be positively, though weakly, correlated. This study is limited by its retrospective nature. Future analysis will include the evaluation of commonly used perioperative anesthetics with dosage and timing variables and their correlation with SET time and patient outcomes.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a graphic organizer for improving the expository text comprehension of adolescent Spanish–English bilingual students with learning disabilities. Students included two females and one male. Using a multiple baseline single case design, students were taught to create a funnel map graphic organizer for 10 descriptive text passages. Students’ performance was assessed on their ability to correctly create the funnel map (criterion variable) and to comprehend expository passages during baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. Each participant learned to create an accurate funnel map within four sessions. Text comprehension scores began to increase within three sessions. Results showed the positive effect of using the funnel map for improving comprehension of expository texts. Individual TAU effect sizes (.81–.92) and overall TAU-U effect sizes (.86) and a Between Case-Standardized Mean Difference (BC-SMD) of 1.87 showed the intervention to be highly effective.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Rosana Denaldi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2015. / A despeito da importância do Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios (PEUC) para o cumprimento da função social da propriedade urbana e de sua previsão em parte significativa dos novos planos diretores, há poucos registros de experiências relacionadas à aplicação desse instrumento no país. A presente pesquisa apresenta e discute os resultados da aplicação do PEUC e do IPTU progressivo no tempo, em Maringá, no Estado do Paraná. Entre os anos de 2009 e 2013, o Município notificou para PEUC cerca de 700 proprietários de imóveis ociosos, não edificados ou subutilizados. Esse conjunto de imóveis soma 14,5 milhões de metros quadrados (14,5 km²) e corresponde a aproximadamente 10% de toda a área urbana do Município. Maringá aplica o IPTU progressivo no tempo desde 2011, sendo um dos dois únicos municípios no país que até o início de 2015 havia utilizado o instrumento sucedâneo ao PEUC. Para compreender os resultados alcançados no Município de Maringá, foram identificados, por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas, as condições que tornaram possível a aplicação do PEUC, a lógica territorial de aplicação do instrumento (ordenamento do solo), os procedimentos administrativos adotados e a reação dos proprietários em termos da iniciativa de utilização das áreas notificadas. Conclui-se que, no caso de Maringá, a aplicação do PEUC favoreceu de forma limitada a ocupação dos vazios urbanos e não contribuiu para democratizar o acesso à terra. Os limitados resultados alcançados relacionam-se com a aplicação do PEUC dissociada de uma estratégia geral de planejamento urbano inclusivo, nos moldes do ideário da Reforma Urbana. / Despite of the importance of the Compulsory Subdivision, Building or Utilization of land (CSBU) to the fulfillment of the social function of urban property and its incorporation in many of the new master plans, there are scarce records of experiences related to the application of this instrument in the country. This research presents and discusses the results of the application of the CSBU and the progressive property and land tax (over time) in Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil. Between 2009 and 2013, the city notified through CSBU approximately 700 owners of vacant, not built upon or under-utilized areas. This amounted to around 14,5 km² and corresponded to around 10% of the total urban surface area of the municipality. Maringá has enforced the progressive property and land tax (over time) since 2011 and is one of the two municipalities which used the instrument substitute of CSBU. In order to understand the results achieved by the municipality of Maringá, we identified through documentary research and interviews, the conditions that made the application of CSBU possible, the underlying territorial logic of the instrument (land use), the standard administrative procedures and the responsiveness of property owners to the initiative in terms of use of the notified areas. It concludes that, in the case of Maringá, the application of the CSBU provided only limited incentives to the effective utilization of urban vacant áreas, and it did not contribute to democratize access to land. The limited results achieved are related to the application of CSBU separate from a general strategy of inclusive urban planning, following the ideals of Urban Reform.