Syfte: Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om styrketräning påverkar konjunktival rodnad i ögat samt om kosttillskott som är vanliga vid styrketräning påverkar ögontorrhet. Metod: Deltagarnas konjunktivala rodnad undersöktes med biomikroskop och graderades med Efron Grading Scale. 19 patienter undersöktes efter träning och 21 patienter undersöktes utan att ha tränat den dagen. Deltagarna fick svara på ett frågeformulär om vilka kosttillskott de använde och OSDI-enkäten. Resultat: Ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad i konjunktival rodnad mellan gruppen med styrketränande personer och kontrollgruppen upptäcktes. I gruppen för träning blev medelvärdet på konjunktival rodnad 0,72 ± 0,42 och i kontrollgruppen 0,55 ± 0,28. Ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad i OSDI-poäng mellan gruppen som använde kosttillskott och gruppen som inte använde kosttillskott upptäcktes. I gruppen med kosttillskott blev medelvärdet på OSDI-poäng 11,31 ± 11,72 och för ej kosttillskott 16,52 ± 10,70. Slutsats: Studien visar på att styrketräning ej påverkar den konjunktivala rodnaden och att kosttillskott inte påverkar ögontorrhet i den här studien. / This study has two aims. The first aim is to investigate if strength training has any association with conjunctival redness. The second aim is to investigate if dietry supplements have any association with dry eye. 40 participants were included in this study and were divided into two groups. One group that was examined directly after a strength training workout and one control group that did not work out that day was examined. The avarage age of the workout group was 25.9 ± 5.5 and in the control group was 24.3 ± 4.9. The participants were examined with the slit lamp and the conjunctival redness was graded according to Efron Grading Scale. The same subjects participated in the investigation of supplements afftecting dry eye. They answered a questionnaire to see what supplements they were using and then divided into two groups. One group that were using supplements and one that did not. The avarage age in the supplement group was 25.9 ± 5.5 and in the no-supplement group 24.2 ± 5.0. To examine their eye dryness they answered an Ocular Surface Disease Index survey. There was no statistical significant difference in conjunctival redness between the workout group and the control group (p>0.05). And there was no statistical significant difference in OSDI score between the supplement group and the no-supplement group (p>0.05). Weight training does not affect conjunctival redness in this sample. Supplements do not affect dry eye symptoms in this sample.

This study aimed to compare  the artificial tears Systane Ultra with Add1 and their performance in NITBUT (Non Invasive Tear Break Up Time). 20 participants between 21-29 years were divided into two groups , one group received Systane Ultra and the other Add1. Once each participant filled out an OSDI survey NITBUT was measured. First without any Artificial tears and then 5, 10, 15 , 20, 30 , 45 and 60 minutes after instillation. The Systane Ultra group and Add1 group differs in this study, however, no significant difference ( P = 0.055 ) in amplitude of NITBUT was obtained. Over time there is no significant difference (P > 0.05). The two drops perform equal at all times. There are advantages to using an instrument like Bon Sirius, for example, to avoid the bias of the observer. This study can be considered as an experimental study for future studies in the field.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Billions of people world wide suffer from refractive errors requiring glasses, contact lenses, or other means of correction to enable them to see better. Many people seeking permanent means to correct their vision consider undergoing corneal refractive laser surgeries (CRLS), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK), or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). These surgeries have been shown to improve vision, but are not without risks for complications intra-operatively and postoperatively. Few studies have looked at the long-term incidence of postoperative complications such as dry eyes and visual aberrations and the associated preoperative risk factors. It is the aim of this study to examine the long-term incidence of dry eyes and visual aberrations (starbursts, halos, glare) after CRLS, and assess for preoperative risk factors associated with the persistence of these symptoms after surgery. METHODS: This study consisted of 319 patients identified for undergoing PRK, LASEK, or LASIK, at Boston Laser between December 2009 and January 2014. The participants in this study completed a novel online questionnaire consisting of questions to assess dry eye and visual aberration symptoms, and included questions adapted from the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Postoperative dry eye symptoms were measured based on the OSDI score and a new dry eye measurement score created for this study's questionnaire. Presence or absence of visual aberration symptoms postoperatively were measured based on a score created for this study and derived from the calculation of the OSDI score. Additionally, a retrospective chart review was conducted of the 319 participants' medical charts to gather and assess for preoperative risk factors related to the long-term incidence of both dry eye and visual aberration symptoms. RESULTS: Our data found a significant association (p < 0.05) that suggests a relationship between development of long-term dry eye symptoms and the following preoperative variables: pupil size, flap thickness, and dry eye risk assessment (including: Zone Quick test values ≤ 9.0mm, contact lens use, and dry eyes with and without contact lenses). No significant association (p > 0.05) was found between the novel dry eye score and the preoperative factors, but it did approach significance with two variables, necessitating further investigation: gender and actual ablation. No significance (p >0.05) was found in the association between the preoperative dry eye risk assessment and severity of postoperative symptoms as gathered using the OSDI score. Our data found a significant association (p < 0.05) that suggests an increased risk for development of long-term visual aberrations symptoms postoperatively with the following preoperative variables: cylindrical manifest refraction, flat K, and greater actual flap thickness. As well as identifying two other possible variables that approached significance requiring further investigation: steep K and preoperative visual aberrations risk (including: spherical manifest refraction &#8805; -6.00, astigmatic manifest refraction ≥ -2.00, and pupil diameter ≥ 7.0). The data showed a significant association (p < 0.05) between postoperative symptom presence and the aforementioned preoperative visual aberrations risk. Our data showed no significance (p > 0.05) when comparing the difference between mean OSDI, dry eye, and visual aberration scores between participants grouped by years since surgery. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Our data found a significant relationship between long-term dry eye risk after CRLS and preoperative pupil size, flap thickness, and dry eye risk assessment. Similarly the data also displayed a significant association between long-term visual aberration risk after CRLS and greater preoperative cylindrical manifest refraction, flat K, and flap thickness. These findings contribute to the risk factors identified in similar short-term follow-up studies, and support the need for increased research into the risk factors and long-term incidence of dry eyes and visual aberrations after CRLS. While the data showed no significance between participants grouped by years since surgery and reported postoperative symptoms, the OSDI mean scores did approach significance (p = 0.088), suggesting that further research with a greater survey population is required.