The Book of Odes carries specific classical aesthetic, political, social and literature value. How it was reflected by traditional scholar Chŏng Yak-yong in monarch Chosŏn dynasty within the rhetoric end? Between the conflict within text knowledge of traditional classics and practical knowledge of western learning, how Chŏng Yak-yong balanced and combined them with rhetorical discourses of fengci(풍자,讽刺)? And what Chŏng Yak-yong understood the rhetoric of fengci offered the open end for the future development of understanding the tradition. Chŏng Yak-yong was one of Korean traditional scholars in late Chosŏn dynasty and through his commitments the fengci in the Book of Odes, I tried to dignify Chŏng Yak-yong’s assumption to image of Korean state confronting the influence of western practical learning and western Catholic religion. Chŏng Yak-yong through his commitments rhetoric of fengci in the Book of Odes rebirthed the traditional thoughts with new contents under the influence of western practical learning. His ideology of state of Korea was based on the traditional text knowledge, meanwhile combined western practical knowledge to build Korean new specific knowledge essence of morality, value and the emotion of public of Koreans, revealing and realizing the power of the state. Even more, his understanding of the fengci in the Book of Odes was based on fengci’s social critical function, associating with Korean traditional ethic value of humanism, rebuilding the essential nature of ruler and noble to the public, which was proper to the current political domination of monarch system. Additionally, the discourse of fengci contained in the Book of Odes would have its literature meaning as poems to the society and political domination. This thesis would find the way that fengci as the rhetoric that how its discourse related the society, politics and literature as an integrated system in monarch late Chosŏn period. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis is concerned with the problem of formal verification of correctness specifications for continuous and hybrid dynamical systems. Our main focus will be on developing and automating general proof principles for temporal properties of systems described by non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under evolution constraints. The proof methods we consider will work directly with the differential equations and will not rely on the explicit knowledge of solutions, which are in practice rarely available. Our ultimate goal is to increase the scope of formal deductive verification tools for hybrid system designs. We give a comprehensive survey and comparison of available methods for checking set invariance in continuous systems, which provides a foundation for safety verification using inductive invariants. Building on this, we present a technique for constructing discrete abstractions of continuous systems in which spurious transitions between discrete states are entirely eliminated, thereby extending previous work. We develop a method for automatically generating inductive invariants for continuous systems by efficiently extracting reachable sets from their discrete abstractions. To reason about liveness properties in ODEs, we introduce a new proof principle that extends and generalizes methods that have been reported previously and is highly amenable to use as a rule of inference in a deductive verification calculus for hybrid systems. We will conclude with a summary of our contributions and directions for future work.

Many scientific and engineering applications require the solution of large systems of initial value problems arising from method of lines discretization of partial differential equations. For systems with widely varying time scales, or with complex physical dynamics, implicit time integration schemes are preferred due to their superior stability properties. However, for very large systems accurate solution of the implicit terms can be impractical. For this reason approximations are widely used in the implementation of such methods. The primary focus of this work is on the development of novel ``lightly-implicit'' time integration methodologies. These methods consider the time integration and the solution of the implicit terms as a single computational process. We propose several classes of lightly-implicit methods that can be constructed to allow for different, specific approximations. Rosenbrock-Krylov and exponential-Krylov methods are designed to permit low accuracy Krylov based approximations of the implicit terms, while maintaining full order of convergence. These methods are matrix free, have low memory requirements, and are particularly well suited to parallel architectures. Linear stability analysis of K-methods is leveraged to construct implementation improvements for both Rosenbrock-Krylov and exponential-Krylov methods. Linearly-implicit Runge-Kutta-W methods are designed to permit arbitrary, time dependent, and stage varying approximations of the linear stiff dynamics of the initial value problem. The methods presented here are constructed with approximate matrix factorization in mind, though the framework is flexible and can be extended to many other approximations. The flexibility of lightly-implicit methods, and their ability to leverage computationally favorable approximations makes them an ideal alternative to standard explicit and implicit schemes for large parallel applications. / Ph. D.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The stochastic process algebra PEPA is a powerful modelling formalism for concurrent systems, which has enjoyed considerable success over the last decade. Such modelling can help designers by allowing aspects of a system which are not readily tested, such as protocol validity and performance, to be analysed before a system is deployed. However, model construction and analysis can be challenged by the size and complexity of large scale systems, which consist of large numbers of components and thus result in state-space explosion problems. Both structural and quantitative analysis of large scale PEPA models suffers from this problem, which has limited wider applications of the PEPA language. This thesis focuses on developing PEPA, to overcome the state-space explosion problem, and make it suitable to validate and evaluate large scale computer and communications systems, in particular a content adaption framework proposed by the Mobile VCE. In this thesis, a new representation scheme for PEPA is proposed to numerically capture the structural and timing information in a model. Through this numerical representation, we have found that there is a Place/Transition structure underlying each PEPA model. Based on this structure and the theories developed for Petri nets, some important techniques for the structural analysis of PEPA have been given. These techniques do not suffer from the state-space explosion problem. They include a new method for deriving and storing the state space and an approach to finding invariants which can be used to reason qualitatively about systems. In particular, a novel deadlock-checking algorithm has been proposed to avoid the state-space explosion problem, which can not only efficiently carry out deadlock-checking for a particular system but can tell when and how a system structure lead to deadlocks. In order to avoid the state-space explosion problem encountered in the quantitative analysis of a large scale PEPA model, a fluid approximation approach has recently been proposed, which results in a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to approximate the underlying CTMC. This thesis presents an improved mapping from PEPA to ODEs based on the numerical representation scheme, which extends the class of PEPA models that can be subjected to fluid approximation. Furthermore, we have established the fundamental characteristics of the derived ODEs, such as the existence, uniqueness, boundedness and nonnegativeness of the solution. The convergence of the solution as time tends to infinity for several classes of PEPA models, has been proved under some mild conditions. For general PEPA models, the convergence is proved under a particular condition, which has been revealed to relate to some famous constants of Markov chains such as the spectral gap and the Log-Sobolev constant. This thesis has established the consistency between the fluid approximation and the underlying CTMCs for PEPA, i.e. the limit of the solution is consistent with the equilibrium probability distribution corresponding to a family of underlying density dependent CTMCs. These developments and investigations for PEPA have been applied to both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the large scale content adaptation system proposed by the Mobile VCE. These analyses provide an assessment of the current design and should guide the development of the system and contribute towards efficient working patterns and system optimisation.

In this doctoral thesis, I present my research into applying machine learning techniques for reconstructing species interaction networks in ecology, reconstructing molecular signalling pathways and gene regulatory networks in systems biology, and inferring parameters in ordinary differential equation (ODE) models of signalling pathways. Together, the methods I have developed for these applications demonstrate the usefulness of machine learning for reconstructing networks and inferring network parameters from data. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is a detailed comparison of applying static Bayesian networks, relevance vector machines, and linear regression with L1 regularisation (LASSO) to the problem of reconstructing species interaction networks from species absence/presence data in ecology (Faisal et al., 2010). I describe how I generated data from a stochastic population model to test the different methods and how the simulation study led us to introduce spatial autocorrelation as an important covariate. I also show how we used the results of the simulation study to apply the methods to presence/absence data of bird species from the European Bird Atlas. The second part of the thesis describes a time-varying, non-homogeneous dynamic Bayesian network model for reconstructing signalling pathways and gene regulatory networks, based on L`ebre et al. (2010). I show how my work has extended this model to incorporate different types of hierarchical Bayesian information sharing priors and different coupling strategies among nodes in the network. The introduction of these priors reduces the inference uncertainty by putting a penalty on the number of structure changes among network segments separated by inferred changepoints (Dondelinger et al., 2010; Husmeier et al., 2010; Dondelinger et al., 2012b). Using both synthetic and real data, I demonstrate that using information sharing priors leads to a better reconstruction accuracy of the underlying gene regulatory networks, and I compare the different priors and coupling strategies. I show the results of applying the model to gene expression datasets from Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as to a synthetic biology gene expression dataset from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In each case, the underlying network is time-varying; for Drosophila melanogaster, as a consequence of measuring gene expression during different developmental stages; for Arabidopsis thaliana, as a consequence of measuring gene expression for circadian clock genes under different conditions; and for the synthetic biology dataset, as a consequence of changing the growth environment. I show that in addition to inferring sensible network structures, the model also successfully predicts the locations of changepoints. The third and final part of this thesis is concerned with parameter inference in ODE models of biological systems. This problem is of interest to systems biology researchers, as kinetic reaction parameters can often not be measured, or can only be estimated imprecisely from experimental data. Due to the cost of numerically solving the ODE system after each parameter adaptation, this is a computationally challenging problem. Gradient matching techniques circumvent this problem by directly fitting the derivatives of the ODE to the slope of an interpolant. I present an inference procedure for a model using nonparametric Bayesian statistics with Gaussian processes, based on Calderhead et al. (2008). I show that the new inference procedure improves on the original formulation in Calderhead et al. (2008) and I present the result of applying it to ODE models of predator-prey interactions, a circadian clock gene, a signal transduction pathway, and the JAK/STAT pathway.

We studied invariant measures and invariant densities for dynamical systems with random switching (switching systems, in short). These switching systems can be described by a two-component Markov process whose first component is a stochastic process on a finite-dimensional smooth manifold and whose second component is a stochastic process on a finite collection of smooth vector fields that are defined on the manifold. We identified sufficient conditions for uniqueness and absolute continuity of the invariant measure associated to this Markov process. These conditions consist of a Hoermander-type hypoellipticity condition and a recurrence condition. In the case where the manifold is the real line or a subset of the real line, we studied regularity properties of the invariant densities of absolutely continuous invariant measures. We showed that invariant densities are smooth away from critical points of the vector fields. Assuming in addition that the vector fields are analytic, we derived the asymptotically dominant term for invariant densities at critical points.

The main part of this thesis is a survey of Pindar's treatment, in his epinicians, of myths involving the mythological family of the Aiakids. I establish what may be known of Pindar's sources for these stories, and then compare his own accounts. I consider (together with some minor incidents) Aiakos' assist- ance in building the walls of Troy; Phokos' murder; Peleus' experience with Hippolyta and Akastos, and his marriage to Thetis; Telamon's participation in Herakles' expedition against Troy; Achilles' infancy, his combats against Telephos, Kyknos, Hektor and Memnon, and his own fate; Aias' birth and suicide; and finally the story of Neoptolemos' visit to Delphi (chapters 1-7). My major conclusion is that his versions of these myths are more firmly grounded in the mythological tradition than is widely believed: they are constantly allusive, and contain little innovation. What changes there are may be ascribed to a broad rationalizing tendency, rather than to sophisticated poetic purposes. Pindar seems to prefer lesser known, often locally preserved, strands of tradition, but is concerned to produce authoritative accounts of them. The defensive tone of N. 7 may be satisfactorily explained by his care to produce such an account from confused and undignified material; the poem does not contain an apology for a hostile treatment of Neo- ptolemos in Pae.6. In chapter 8, I confirm my conclusions by examining three difficult cases: the myths of P. 3, O.I, and the break-off from the first myth of 0. 9. These examples confirm that traditional material has intrinsic value in epinician, and suggest the conclusion that the explication of a paradeigmatic relation between myth and victory is not the only valid explan- ation of the function of myth in Pindar. Myth may also serve to provide a publicly acceptable warrant for the praise of the victor.

Comme d`autres expressions de la lyrique chrétienne française du XXe siècle, les Cinq Grandes Odes de Paul Claudel ont fait l`objet de peu d`études de la critique littéraire lusophone et demeurent peu connues au Brésil. Cette thèse de doctorat a pour dessein de présenter un commentaire littéraire des Odes suivi d`une traduction intégrale qui les donne à connaître au public brésilien. Ce commentaire se divise en deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous procédons à une lecture de chaque ode de manière à en dégager l`architecture et à faire voir le principe de composition du livre. Nous l`avons identifié dans la dynamique de rapprochement et de prise de distance à l`égard de Dieu, une présence constante au long de ces poèmes, tantôt évoqué indirectement, tantôt interlocuteur à qui le poète confie son monde intérieur. Dans la deuxième partie, après une exposition sur l`usage du symbole en poésie, sur la conception du symbole chez Claudel et sur les observations de la critique claudélienne à ce sujet, on en vient à une analyse de quelques symbolismes qui parsèment le texte. Méritent notre attention le symbolisme pyrique, tellurique, aérien, lumineux, ouranien, des ténèbres et des eaux. Nous indiquons comment ces symbolismes (exception faite au symbolisme ouranien) se situent par rapport à la structure même du livre, reflétant également, dans sa signification, les pôles opposés de rapprochement et de prise de distance quant à Dieu. Nous illustrons, ainsi, l`usage poétique du symbole dans les Odes et nous mettons en relief l’approche dynamique, anti-didactique et polysémique de Claudel. L`étude de la polysémie des Odes sur le plan des symboles permet de traiter aussi de la polysémie dans le langage poétique du livre. Cette polysémie se trouve à la source de quelques-unes des principales difficultés auxquelles nous nous sommes heurtés au long du processus de traduction du livre, traduction laquelle constitue le deuxième moment de cette thèse et qui cherche à récréer en portugais le rythme, la force rhétorique et l`impact des images du poème français. / Como outras expressões da lírica cristã francesa do século XX, as Cinq Grandes Odes (1910), de Paul Claudel, foram objeto de raros estudos da crítica lusófona e permanecem pouco conhecidas no Brasil. A presente tese de doutoramento tem por intuito apresentar um comentário literário das Odes, seguido de uma tradução integral que as dê a conhecer ao público brasileiro. Esse comentário divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira parte, procede-se a uma leitura de cada ode, a bem de extrair sua arquitetura e de dar a ver o princípio de composição do conjunto do livro. Identificamo-lo na dinâmica de aproximação e de afastamento do sujeito poético com relação a Deus, presença constante ao longo dos poemas, ora evocado indiretamente, ora interlocutor a quem o poeta confia seu mundo interior. Na segunda parte, após uma exposição sobre o uso do símbolo em poesia, sobre a própria concepção de Claudel sobre o símbolo e sobre as observações de sua fortuna crítica acerca do tema, é levada a bom termo uma análise de alguns simbolismos que permeiam o texto. Merecem nossa atenção o simbolismo pírico, telúrico, aéreo, aquático, tenebroso, luminoso e urânico. Indicamos como esses simbolismos (exceção feita ao urânico) situam-se na mesma estrutura o livro, refletindo igualmente, em sua significação, os polos opostos de aproximação e de distanciamento quanto a Deus. Ilustramos, assim, o uso poético do símbolo nas Odes, sublinhando a abordagem dinâmica, anti-didática e polissêmica de que se serve Claudel. O estudo da polissemia nas odes no plano dos símbolos permite tratar igualmente do problema da polissemia na própria linguagem poética das Odes, fonte de algumas das principais dificuldades encontradas no processo de tradução do livro, tradução essa que constitui o segundo momento desta tese e que busca recriar em português o ritmo, a força retórica e o impacto das imagens do poema francês.