O crescimento, a integração e as regulamentações dos mercados mundiais, bem como as mudanças nas políticas e economias internacionais têm aumentado as oportunidades de investimento nos mercados globais. Com o aquecimento econômico brasileiro, diversas empresas construtoras e incorporadoras iniciaram a atividade de abertura de capital, impulsionando a consolidação e o crescimento do mercado imobiliário brasileiro. O fluxo de capital externo no mercado brasileiro de Edifícios de Escritório para Locação (EEL) pode ser intensificado se forem oferecidas alternativas de investimento em portfolios dispersos, compreendendo um conjunto dinâmico de ativos imobiliários, sendo possível comprar e vender, para renovar ou para potencializar o desempenho do investimento. A regulamentação brasileira aderente a tal estruturação de investimento é a dos Fundos de Investimento em Participações (FIP) através da formação de um portfolio de participações em SPE (Sociedade de Propósito Exclusivo) ancoradas em Edifícios de Escritório, que possibilita a participação no processo decisório da sociedade investida com efetiva influência na definição das políticas estratégicas e na gestão. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo tomar conclusões sobre a qualidade e os riscos da diversificação do investimento estrangeiro no mercado de EEL na cidade de São Paulo através da estrutura dos FIP, utilizando como referência de atratividade os parâmetros de comportamento dos office REITs (Real Estate Investment Trust) no mercado dos Estados Unidos. A atratividade do investimento estrangeiro no portfolio de EEL foi sustentada através da comparação dos indicadores da qualidade do investimento extraídos da simulação com um protótipo de FIP com base em quatro parâmetros: diversificação do portfolio, rentabilidade descontado o Risco-País, rentabilidade dos office REITs e binômio [risco x retorno] através do índice Sharpe. / The growth, integration and regulation of world markets, and changes in international policies and economies, have resulted in increased investment opportunities in global markets. With the upturn of the Brazilian economy, several construction and development companies have gone public, further boosting the consolidation and growth of the Brazilian real estate market. The inflow of foreign capital into the Brazilian office market can be further intensified if choices are offered for investing in separate portfolios comprising dynamic sets of property assets, allowing investors to buy or sell whenever they wish to renew their investment or maximize its performance. The Brazilian regulation adherent to such investment structure is the Fundos de Investimento em Participações (FIP) which is based on a portfolio of shares of SPC (Special Purpose Company) whose assets are office buildings, and allows investors to take part in the companies decision-making process, actually influencing strategic policy formulation and management practices. The purpose of this dissertation is to draw conclusions about the advantages and risks of the diversification of foreign investments in the office market of São Paulo city through FIP using as reference for attractiveness the parameters of the US markets office Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The attractiveness of office buildings portfolio to foreign investors was evidenced by comparing investment quality indicators obtained from a simulation with an FIP, based on four parameters: portfolio diversification, return discounted country risk, office REIT return and the risk-return analyzed through the Sharpe ratio.

O atual cenário internacional aponta para a importância do edifício vertical, como imagem de modernidade nas cidades e seu papel como agente de qualificação urbana, seja na formação da paisagem e construção dos espaços públicos ou na formação de identidades. Este trabalho procura verificar continuidades e descontinuidades de conceitos aplicados à arquitetura de edifícios verticais em diversas cidades, adotando um recorte temporal que vai do final do século XIX, com a Escola de Chicago e a introdução de novas tecnologias que permitiram uma nova linguagem do edifício vertical, passando pelos anos imediatamente seguintes a II Guerra Mundial até o final do século XX, examinando os aspectos da arquitetura relacionados com a evolução tecnológica, tipológica e urbana da construção do edifício de escritórios e analisando a relação de dependência entre o edifício e os modelos urbanos que os sustentam, de maneira a compreender as contribuições duradouras do projeto modernista como um paradigma para as individualidades das concepções contemporâneas. / Nowadays international scenario points out the importance of vertical buildings as an image of modernity in the cities and its role as urban qualifying agents, either in the landscaping formation and the construction of public spaces or in the formation of identities. This work searches to verify continuity and discontinuity of concepts applied to vertical buildings architecture in several cities adopting a temporal cut, from the end of the ninetieth century with Chicagos School and the introduction of new technologies that allow a new language to the vertical buildings, passing by the II World War following years until the end of the twentieth century, examining architectural aspects related to the technological, typological and urban evolution of offices building construction and analyzing the dependency relation between the building and the urban models that support it, in a way that understands the lasting contributions of modernist projects as a paradigm to the individuality of contemporaneous conceptions.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is the processing of the project documentation of an office building. The structure is designed as a detached building with five floors and with one basement. A garage for 10 cars is situated in the basement and there is office space located on the floors. The structural system of the building is reinforced concrete skeleton. Exterior building envelope si made of glazed curtain wall. The roof of the building is flat.

The theme of the bachelor thesis is a new building of an administrative building with a storage hall, which will primarily serve for storage in the village of Troubsko. This work is aimed at elaborating project documentation for construction work. The building is non-basement with three above-ground floors. The construction is designed from the Porotherm system with prefabricated ceilings made of prestressed Spiroll panels. The storage hall will be made of a steel skeleton, single-skinned with sandwich panels. The roof is on the top of 2.NP flat single-layer with top layer on parts of concrete pavement on rectifiable targets and vegetation parts. Above the 3rd floor there is a flat single-layer roof with a top vegetation layer and above the storage hall there will be a flat roof with a classical layout of layers with a top layer of PVC foil. The object is functionally divided into 2 parts. The administrative part is primarily used as a base for employees of the production hall in the 1st floor, in the 2nd floor and 3rd floor there are offices. The storage hall will then serve mainly for storage purposes and dispatch preparation.

Subject of this diploma thesis is building documentation of an office building. Designed object is located in the city of Olomouc. Primary purpose of the building will be offices with rentable space, whose layout will be designed as open space offices with option to divide space according to requirements of a tenant. Office spaces will serve for example as headquarters of design offices, IT consulting and services, business companies, technical consulting or managerial services. The building will contain except of office premises also a space for café, retail and underground garage primarily designed for parking of office employees´ cars. Office building is designed as cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame with shear walls, consisting of 4 floors and basement. Object is shaped as two buildings connected with common walking space. Facade will predominantly be designed as glass curtain walling and also as a ventilated facade with cladding from exposed cement-fiber board. Also there is designed a system of steel curtain wall with docked trellis ropes for planting of climbing plants to decrease overheating of the building in summer and to meet the city requirements of as much greening of buildings and their surroundings as possible.

The subject of the master's thesis is elaboration of the complete project design documentation of a administrative building, ready for implementation in the construction phase. The object is divided into four above-ground floors and one underground floor. It is divided into three blocks A, B, K and into three independent functional units. The prevailing part of building is administrative part, which is located in blocks A and B. In the basement there is a compound garage. Part of the building comprises of a service, a café, located and operated on the first floor above ground in block K. The individual blocks have separate entries and are without any mutal limitation to their independent operations. The building has a carrier system designed as a monolithic, reinforced concrete skeleton with two reinforced cores, placed on reinforced concrete feet. Ceramic fittings are slated for filling . The roof structure designed as a single-shell flat roof area, eventually vegetative. The facade is designed as ventilated with cement-bonded particle boards. Within the specialization is the solution of technical equipment, forced ventilation by means of air-conditioning system.

The final product of my thesis is a design of a bearing steel construction with conjugated concrete-steel elements horizontally attached to an administrative building. The thesis contains a desing of an administrative building with a parking garage which are connected. The administrative building has 8 floors and the parking garage with the connecting part has 4 floors. The height of the floor in all objects is 3,5m in 1.NP. From 2.NP up each floor has a height of 3m. The administrative building has a rectangular shape with dimensions of 36 x 48 m. The parking garage is of similar shape with dimensions of 30 x 54 m. Both buidlings are joined in an angle of 33 deg. The height of the administrative building above ground is 26, 475m. The height of the parking garage above the ground with the connecting part is 12,795m. The structure is made up of articulated beams stored in the column. Composite cross section is stored on girder hinge. The design of both objects is stiffened by vertical wall braces the transverse and longitudinal directions. Roofs are a mixture of objects for a specified period. The office building is located atrium measuring 12 x 24m. Atrium roofing is made by steel structure with glass panes. Cladding will consist of building glass facade.

The dissertation named “Office building” is elaborated as a building documentation in agreement with the current standards and legal norms and acts. It is a two storey building and contains a maisonette section, is basementless with a flat roof and applying the combined constructional system. The building is constructed on the concrete base slab; vertical bearing structures are constructed of reinforced concrete and wooden pillars, the roof and ceiling bearing structures consist of wooden beams. The building is designed for administrative purposes and related activities. Walls are constructed of reinforced concrete, using sandwich wall system with wooden elements and there is a vegetative roof. The building is designed as low-energetic.

Diplom thesis is about design of an office building. Building floor plan is designed as a rectangle. The building consists of four floors. Roofing the object is solved by a flat roof with strips of m-PVC. The purpose of the internal arrangement is to be able to lease office space to individual firms on the floor. On the first floor is situated an entrance hall with space for the doorman and staircase area. At the hall is also a personal elevator and utility room. These spaces are common to all tenants. In the space for offices are located toilets for women, for men and one toilet for the disabled. Kitchen with lounge and six offices. These spaces are connected with single corridor. The other floors are connected to administrative with hall, which houses a staircase and an elevator. In office spaces 2.NP. 3.NP and 4.NP are located toilets for women, for men and one toilet for the disabled. Kitchen with lounge, utility room and nine offices. These spaces are connected with single corridor. From these levels, there is also access to the evacuation staircase, which is designed according to the requirements for fire protection. On the 4.NP in the utility room is located auditing roof ascent. The project was developed in the educational version of ArchiCAD 17 and processed in accordance with the requirements of a layout, architectural design, structural design, proper and safe use of the building.

Mit der Entwicklung von Bewertungssystemen für das Nachhaltige Bauen und der Zertifizierung von Gebäuden gewinnen Kriterien ergänzend zur Funktionalität, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Standsicherheit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Neben der Aufarbeitung wesentlicher Hintergründe dieser Systeme bedarf es Verfahren für die Praxis, Gebäude nach Nachhaltigkeitskriterien zu planen und zu bauen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation „Nachhaltige Bürogebäude in Stahl- und Stahlverbundbauweise“ werden Methoden zur Optimierung von Tragkonstruktionen in Stahl- und Verbundbauweise nach ökologischen und ökonomischen Kriterien vorgestellt. Auf der Basis umfangreicher Parameterstudien werden Empfehlungen zur Konstruktion und Bemessung nachhaltiger Decken- und Stützensysteme für Bürogebäude abgeleitet. Ausgehend von den deutschen Bewertungssystemen DGNB und BNB werden die Grundlagen und Methoden zur Bewertung der ökologischen und ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeit von Tragkonstruktionen abgeleitet. Als Basis der Parameterstudien werden Ökobilanzdaten von Baumaterialien und -produkte, Herstellungsprozesse und Transporte aus generischen Daten, Datenbanken und Umweltproduktdeklarationen mit dem Ziel einer möglichst vollständigen Lebenszyklusanalyse zusammengestellt. Ergänzend hierzu werden Kosten für Baumaterialien und -prozesse auf der Basis von Baukostenkatalogen und Expertenbefragungen ermittelt. Es folgen Parameterstudien zu Unterzugs- und Flachdecken, Stützen und Anschlüssen, bevor die Decken-Stützen-Systemen von Geschossbauten in ihrer Gesamtheit untersucht werden. Dabei werden die Bauweisen, Rastermaße, Materialgüten, Konstruktionsformen und Nutzlasten variiert, um den Einfluss der jeweiligen Parameter isoliert und in Kombination zu verdeutlichen. Zusammenfassend werden aus den Ergebnissen Empfehlungen zur nachhaltigen Gestaltung der Tragkonstruktionen für Bürogebäude in Stahl- und Stahlverbundbauweise abgeleitet.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Problemstellung und Zielsetzung 1.2 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Bürogebäude 2.1 Allgemein 2.2 Büroorganisationsformen 2.3 Grundriss und Höhenentwicklung 2.3.1 Grundrissgestaltung 2.3.2 Höhenentwicklung 3 Bausysteme in Stahl- und Stahlverbundbauweise 3.1 Allgemeines 3.2 Deckensysteme 3.3 Stützen 3.4 Anschlüsse 3.5 Systemwahl und Rastermaße 4 Technische Anforderungen 4.1 Lastannahmen 4.2 Korrosionsschutz 4.3 Brandschutz 4.4 Schallschutz 4.5 Technische Gebäudeausrüstung 5 Nachhaltigkeit von Bürogebäuden 5.1 Begriff Nachhaltigkeit 5.2 Richtlinien und Gesetze 5.3 Normative Grundlagen 5.4 Bewertungssysteme für Bürogebäude 5.5 Ökologische Nachhaltigkeit 5.5.1 Methodik zur Ökobilanzierung 5.5.2 Auswahl der Bewertungskriterien 5.5.3 Datengrundlagen 5.5.4 Bewertungssystem für Tragkonstruktionen 5.6 Ökonomische Nachhaltigkeit 6 Bemessung 6.1 Allgemeines 6.2 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit 6.2.1 Decken 6.2.2 Unterzugsträger als Verbundträger 6.2.3 Schweißprofile 6.2.4 Slim-Floor-Träger 6.2.5 Stützen 6.2.6 Anschlüsse 6.3 Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit 6.3.1 Begrenzung der Verformungen 6.3.2 Verformungen von Decken 6.3.3 Verbundträger 6.3.4 Slim-Floor-Träger 6.3.5 Rissbreitenbegrenzung 6.3.6 Schwingungen 6.4 Bemessung im Brandfall 6.4.1 Normative Grundlagen 6.4.2 Brandschutzprodukte 6.4.3 Decken 6.4.4 Unterzugsträger 6.4.5 Slim-Floor-Träger 6.4.6 Stützen 6.4.7 Anschlüsse 7 Programmdokumentation 7.1 Überblick 7.2 Programmstruktur im Allgemeinen 7.3 Decken 7.3.1 Stahlbetondecken und Spannbetonhohldielen 7.3.2 Verbunddecken 7.4 Deckensystem 7.4.1 Unterzugsdecken mit Walzprofilen 7.4.2 Unterzugsdecken mit Schweißprofilen 7.4.3 Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 7.5 Stützen 8 Nachhaltige Material- und Konstruktionswahl 8.1 Erläuterungen zu den Parameterstudien 8.2 Decken 8.2.1 Stahlbetondecken aus Ortbeton 8.2.2 Verbunddecken 8.2.3 Decken im Vergleich 8.3 Unterzugsdecken 8.3.1 Variation der Trägerabstände 8.3.2 Variation der Nutzlasten 8.3.3 Vergleich Ein- und Zweifeldträger 8.3.4 Variation der Stahlgüte und der Durchbiegungsbegrenzung 8.3.5 Variation der Betongüte 8.3.6 Schweißprofile 8.4 Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 8.4.1 Variation der Trägerabstände und des Deckentyps 8.4.2 Variation der Querschnittstypen 8.4.3 Untersuchung von Deckensystemen mit Einfeldträgern 8.4.4 Variation der Nutzlast 8.5 Vergleich von Unterzugsdecken und Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 8.6 Stützen 8.6.1 Querschnittswahl 8.6.2 Materialgüten 8.6.3 Einfluss der Stützenhöhe 8.6.4 Berücksichtigung von Maßnahmen zum Brandschutz 8.7 Anschlüsse 8.8 Tragkonstruktion 8.8.1 Tragkonstruktionen mit Unterzugsdecken 8.8.2 Tragkonstruktionen mit Slim-Floor-Systemen 8.8.3 Vergleich der Tragsysteme mit Unterzugsdecken und Slim-Floor 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 9.1 Allgemeines 9.2 Unterzugsdecken 9.3 Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 9.4 Stützen 9.5 Anschlüsse 9.6 Ausblick 10 Quellenverzeichnis 11 Anhang Anhang A Büroorganisationsformen Anhang B Schallschutz Anhang C Datengrundlagen Anhang D Bemessung und Produktdaten Anhang E Anschlüsse