Este estudo teve como objetivo principal uma análise ergonômica do trabalho de 21 operadores de uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram caracterizados o contexto de trabalho e as tarefas desempenhadas, avaliada a carga de trabalho e a pressão imposta aos trabalhadores, bem como analisados os incidentes ocorridos na empresa no período de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2006. Os dados foram coletados dos relatórios de incidentes da empresa, de entrevistas, e cinco questionários: 1) de avaliação do grau de dificuldade das tarefas; 2) de avaliação das exigências das tarefas; 3) de avaliação subjetiva da carga de trabalho (adaptado do NASA TLX); 4) do levantamento dos fatores que interferem na carga de trabalho e 5) de escalas de mensuração da pressão no ambiente de trabalho.Os resultados apontam baixo grau de dificuldade em sete das oito tarefas analisadas, bem como exigências diferenciadas entre as tarefas. A carga de trabalho apresentou resultados elevados. Fatores relacionados ao constructo técnico (problemas em equipamentos e sistema computacional) são os que influenciam o maior número de componentes da carga de trabalho. Outro achado é que a pressão no ambiente de trabalho é mais acentuada no início e no final da semana, principalmente devido à pressão do tempo e dos clientes. Com relação aos incidentes de trabalho, eles caracterizam-se, predominantemente, por derrames e/ou vazamentos devido a problemas relacionados à tecnologia que dificultam as tarefas executadas pelos motoristas de caminhão. A análise temporal dos incidentes revelou que há predomínio de ocorrência no início da semana, principalmente na terça-feira, no horário entre 10:00 e 10:59, diminuindo no final da semana. De maneira geral, este estudo permitiu realizar um diagnóstico dos constrangimentos das tarefas e dos fatores que impactam o desempenho dos operadores, bem como mostrar que a cultura de segurança da empresa ainda está baseada em teorias ultrapassadas, pois suas análises apontavam o erro humano como a causa principal da maioria dos incidentes. / The aim of this study was the ergonomic analysis of the work carried out in an oil distributer in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The tasks and the context where they are developed were characterized, the workload and work pressure, as well as the work incidents occurred in the period between October 2003 and September 2006 were evaluated. Data from the incidents were collected from the reports kept by the enterprise, and data about the work at the distributer were taken from interviews and 5 questionnaires answered by 21 workers which allowed the evaluation of: 1) the level of difficulty of the tasks; 2) the tasks demands; 3) the tasks workload (adapted from the NASA TLX); 4) the factors that impact on the workload results; 5) the level of pressure on the work. The results show that seven out of eight tasks have low level of difficulty and different demands. Workload is mostly dependent on technical problems of equipment and computerized system; work pressure is higher in the beginning and the end of the week (the busiest days), due to the pressure imposed both by the time and the clients. Most of the incidents are related to oil spill or leaking due to technological problems that impact the drivers operation of filling up the trucks. Temporal analysis of the incidents showed a higher incidence on Tuesday between 10 AM and 10:59 AM and a lower number of incidents towards the end of the week. In general, besides the evaluation of work demands and the factors that impact workers performance, this study pointed out that the safety culture of the enterprise is based on outdated theories, as can be deprehended by the fact that its evaluation considers the human error as the cause of most of the incidents.

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal uma análise ergonômica do trabalho de 21 operadores de uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram caracterizados o contexto de trabalho e as tarefas desempenhadas, avaliada a carga de trabalho e a pressão imposta aos trabalhadores, bem como analisados os incidentes ocorridos na empresa no período de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2006. Os dados foram coletados dos relatórios de incidentes da empresa, de entrevistas, e cinco questionários: 1) de avaliação do grau de dificuldade das tarefas; 2) de avaliação das exigências das tarefas; 3) de avaliação subjetiva da carga de trabalho (adaptado do NASA TLX); 4) do levantamento dos fatores que interferem na carga de trabalho e 5) de escalas de mensuração da pressão no ambiente de trabalho.Os resultados apontam baixo grau de dificuldade em sete das oito tarefas analisadas, bem como exigências diferenciadas entre as tarefas. A carga de trabalho apresentou resultados elevados. Fatores relacionados ao constructo técnico (problemas em equipamentos e sistema computacional) são os que influenciam o maior número de componentes da carga de trabalho. Outro achado é que a pressão no ambiente de trabalho é mais acentuada no início e no final da semana, principalmente devido à pressão do tempo e dos clientes. Com relação aos incidentes de trabalho, eles caracterizam-se, predominantemente, por derrames e/ou vazamentos devido a problemas relacionados à tecnologia que dificultam as tarefas executadas pelos motoristas de caminhão. A análise temporal dos incidentes revelou que há predomínio de ocorrência no início da semana, principalmente na terça-feira, no horário entre 10:00 e 10:59, diminuindo no final da semana. De maneira geral, este estudo permitiu realizar um diagnóstico dos constrangimentos das tarefas e dos fatores que impactam o desempenho dos operadores, bem como mostrar que a cultura de segurança da empresa ainda está baseada em teorias ultrapassadas, pois suas análises apontavam o erro humano como a causa principal da maioria dos incidentes. / The aim of this study was the ergonomic analysis of the work carried out in an oil distributer in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The tasks and the context where they are developed were characterized, the workload and work pressure, as well as the work incidents occurred in the period between October 2003 and September 2006 were evaluated. Data from the incidents were collected from the reports kept by the enterprise, and data about the work at the distributer were taken from interviews and 5 questionnaires answered by 21 workers which allowed the evaluation of: 1) the level of difficulty of the tasks; 2) the tasks demands; 3) the tasks workload (adapted from the NASA TLX); 4) the factors that impact on the workload results; 5) the level of pressure on the work. The results show that seven out of eight tasks have low level of difficulty and different demands. Workload is mostly dependent on technical problems of equipment and computerized system; work pressure is higher in the beginning and the end of the week (the busiest days), due to the pressure imposed both by the time and the clients. Most of the incidents are related to oil spill or leaking due to technological problems that impact the drivers operation of filling up the trucks. Temporal analysis of the incidents showed a higher incidence on Tuesday between 10 AM and 10:59 AM and a lower number of incidents towards the end of the week. In general, besides the evaluation of work demands and the factors that impact workers performance, this study pointed out that the safety culture of the enterprise is based on outdated theories, as can be deprehended by the fact that its evaluation considers the human error as the cause of most of the incidents.

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal uma análise ergonômica do trabalho de 21 operadores de uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram caracterizados o contexto de trabalho e as tarefas desempenhadas, avaliada a carga de trabalho e a pressão imposta aos trabalhadores, bem como analisados os incidentes ocorridos na empresa no período de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2006. Os dados foram coletados dos relatórios de incidentes da empresa, de entrevistas, e cinco questionários: 1) de avaliação do grau de dificuldade das tarefas; 2) de avaliação das exigências das tarefas; 3) de avaliação subjetiva da carga de trabalho (adaptado do NASA TLX); 4) do levantamento dos fatores que interferem na carga de trabalho e 5) de escalas de mensuração da pressão no ambiente de trabalho.Os resultados apontam baixo grau de dificuldade em sete das oito tarefas analisadas, bem como exigências diferenciadas entre as tarefas. A carga de trabalho apresentou resultados elevados. Fatores relacionados ao constructo técnico (problemas em equipamentos e sistema computacional) são os que influenciam o maior número de componentes da carga de trabalho. Outro achado é que a pressão no ambiente de trabalho é mais acentuada no início e no final da semana, principalmente devido à pressão do tempo e dos clientes. Com relação aos incidentes de trabalho, eles caracterizam-se, predominantemente, por derrames e/ou vazamentos devido a problemas relacionados à tecnologia que dificultam as tarefas executadas pelos motoristas de caminhão. A análise temporal dos incidentes revelou que há predomínio de ocorrência no início da semana, principalmente na terça-feira, no horário entre 10:00 e 10:59, diminuindo no final da semana. De maneira geral, este estudo permitiu realizar um diagnóstico dos constrangimentos das tarefas e dos fatores que impactam o desempenho dos operadores, bem como mostrar que a cultura de segurança da empresa ainda está baseada em teorias ultrapassadas, pois suas análises apontavam o erro humano como a causa principal da maioria dos incidentes. / The aim of this study was the ergonomic analysis of the work carried out in an oil distributer in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The tasks and the context where they are developed were characterized, the workload and work pressure, as well as the work incidents occurred in the period between October 2003 and September 2006 were evaluated. Data from the incidents were collected from the reports kept by the enterprise, and data about the work at the distributer were taken from interviews and 5 questionnaires answered by 21 workers which allowed the evaluation of: 1) the level of difficulty of the tasks; 2) the tasks demands; 3) the tasks workload (adapted from the NASA TLX); 4) the factors that impact on the workload results; 5) the level of pressure on the work. The results show that seven out of eight tasks have low level of difficulty and different demands. Workload is mostly dependent on technical problems of equipment and computerized system; work pressure is higher in the beginning and the end of the week (the busiest days), due to the pressure imposed both by the time and the clients. Most of the incidents are related to oil spill or leaking due to technological problems that impact the drivers operation of filling up the trucks. Temporal analysis of the incidents showed a higher incidence on Tuesday between 10 AM and 10:59 AM and a lower number of incidents towards the end of the week. In general, besides the evaluation of work demands and the factors that impact workers performance, this study pointed out that the safety culture of the enterprise is based on outdated theories, as can be deprehended by the fact that its evaluation considers the human error as the cause of most of the incidents.

This master thesis deals with the manufacturing process of oil distribution transformers. Firstly, the thesis devotes to the design arrangement of the magnetic circuit and its manufacturing technology. The procedure of cutting laminations for core and their building into the core. Subsequently, the thesis describes technologies used for manufacturing primary and secondary windings including procedures on winding machines. Then it deals with the production of the tank and the final assembly of the transformer into one unit. The next part of the thesis discusses the design procedure of the assigned distribution oil transformer with a numerical calculation while respecting the requirements of the standards. Finally, the costs of the material of the designed transformer are determined.

The evolution of supply chain management has made significant and continuous contributions to logistical processes. This is highly relevant to crude oil logistics in Nigeria, because both indigenous and multinational oil companies who distribute crude oil from Nigerian ports are yet to adopt an integrated export logistics operation. Besides, the study explores the philosophy of supply chain management applying theoretic frameworks of supply chain process management, demand variability, and vertical integration to encourage integrated export logistics for the distribution of crude oil from Nigeria to China. In addition, the research objectives are: to identify the components of crude oil exports; to review the principles of integrated supply chain management; to analyse crude oil demand in China; to evaluate the efficiency of oil distribution, and to propose strategies that will raise the efficiency of crude oil exports to China from Nigeria. A conceptual model was developed to identify relevant issues that guide the synergy of China’s requirement for energy security and Nigeria’s crude oil supply capability. Also, both a Delphi survey and an archival research method’s were adopted to elucidate on the characteristics of the research population, the shipment frequencies between the two countries, and the sources of competing crude oil exports to China. Measures of central tendency from respondent feedback and non-parametric tests support the study’s findings. Furthermore, recommendations for strategic, operational, and tactical organisation of resources were identified to raise integrated crude oil export efficiency from Nigeria to China directed by the theoretic framework. Moreover, their implications for sustainable logistics practice in the short, medium, and long-term are considered. Finally, it was found that adopting vertical integration in a crude oil supply chain will ensure responsiveness to support export efficiency, and enhance the geographic characteristics of Nigeria for increased export shipments to China.