by Wong Mei-Ki, Melissa. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92). / Questionnaire also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Chapter ■ --- The older consumers constitute a market too huge to be ignored / Chapter ■ --- The gray market in Hong Kong / Research Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Older Consumers Defined --- p.5 / Heterogeneity of the Gray Market --- p.6 / Spending Pattern of Older Consumers --- p.7 / Chapter ■ --- Positive attitude towards consumption / Chapter ■ --- The products and services / Chapter ■ --- Value and price consciousness / Discretionary Income and Expenditures of Older Consumers in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Leisure Defined --- p.10 / Chapter ■ --- Definition / Chapter ■ --- Grouping of leisure activities / Leisure Activities Enjoyed by the Elderly --- p.12 / Chapter ■ --- An experience in Japan / Chapter ■ --- Gommon leisure activities of the Hong Kong elderly / Leisure Activities as a Potential Marketing Opportunity --- p.13 / Chapter ■ --- Abundance of time resources / Chapter ■ --- Psychological and physiological needs / Marketing Strategies Adopted in the USA and Japan --- p.15 / Chapter ■ --- Special products catering the needs of the elderly / Chapter ■ --- Promotional appeals / Chapter CHAPTER III --- METHODOLOGY --- p.17 / Sampling --- p.17 / Chapter ■ --- The samples / Chapter ■ --- Sampling procedures / Research Design --- p.20 / Chapter ■ --- Research procedures / Chapter ■ --- Questionnaire design / Leisure activities / Spending characteristics / "Psychographics, values and attitudes" / General demographics / Data Collection --- p.23 / Data Analysis --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.27 / Profile of Subjects --- p.27 / Leisure Activities Participated --- p.27 / Chapter ■ --- Non spending type of leisure activities participated / Chapter ■ --- Spending type of leisure activities participated / Income and Expenditure --- p.30 / Chapter ■ --- Household income / Chapter ■ --- Monthly expenditure / Chapter ■ --- Discretionary income / Chapter ■ --- Expenditure pattern / Consumption Characteristics --- p.32 / Chapter ■ --- Brand consciousness / Chapter ■ --- Quality consciousness / Chapter ■ --- Fashion consciousness / Chapter ■ --- Price consciousness / Chapter ■ --- Brand/product loyalty / Chapter ■ --- Confusion by over-choice / Chapter CHAPTER V --- GONGLUSION --- p.41 / Summary of the Research --- p.41 / Managerial Implications --- p.42 / Chapter ■ --- Establishing a well-known brand / Chapter ■ --- Fashionable product design with smaller packages / Chapter ■ --- Advertising appeal / Chapter ■ --- Reaching the gray market and promotional appeals / Chapter ■ --- Other marketing opportunities / Limitations of the Study --- p.45 / Chapter ■ --- The research design / Chapter ■ --- The sample and sampling procedure / Chapter ■ --- Applicability of the research findings / Directions for Future Research --- p.46 / Chapter ■ --- Consumption styles / Chapter ■ --- Affirming the true attributes / Epilogue: The Changing Environment --- p.47 / Chapter ■ --- Political/Legal / Chapter ■ --- Education / Chapter ■ --- Technology / TABLES & FIGURES Figures 1 to 28 --- p.49 / QUESTIONNAIRES / English Version --- p.77 / Chinese Version --- p.82 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.88

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

<p>In what atmosphere do people feel welcomed and comfortable? What are their needs, preferences, expectations and how do these affect their shopping behaviour? The proportion of older persons in the population is constantly growing so in the new future there will be more and more older shoppers in the stores. This study has from a management perspective tried to find a suitable store design and atmosphere that would be appreciated by the older shoppers segment.</p><p>The research question of the study was: What store atmosphere and store design lead the growing target group - the elderly towards a sales increasing shopping behaviour? In attempt of answering the research question the main purpose was to understand the needs and preferences of older consumers and their shopping behaviour related to the issues of food shopping in a supermarket and to be able to discover underlying mechanisms in order to suggest a store atmosphere and store design adapted to the older consumers; and thus an increasing sales strategy for the store.</p><p>In order to form a theoretical frame various secondary sources have been used that were found to be suitable for the research area. The retail anthropologist Paco Underhill has been a great inspiration for many theories in the study. Two qualitative methods have been used: structural observations and semi-structural interviews. The qualitative method is well chosen and makes it possible to fulfil the purpose of the study. Seven individuals were first observed in a store while shopping and later interviewed about their shopping experience.</p><p>In the analysis the empirical data was analysed with some references drawn to the theoretical frame. Similar behavioural patterns were identified among the participants that formed the concepts: morning shoppers, one stop store, personal atmosphere, brand unawareness and finally service access. In conclusions a store strategy, based on older consumers needs and preferences, was proposed that would make the older consumers of the study feel more welcomed in the store and hence hopefully shop more. The strategy contained features like: more staff members in the morning, more efficient use of the in-store kitchen, development of “We Care” strategy and others. Researcher’s own reflections and suggestions as well as the veracity conclude this bachelor thesis.</p>

In what atmosphere do people feel welcomed and comfortable? What are their needs, preferences, expectations and how do these affect their shopping behaviour? The proportion of older persons in the population is constantly growing so in the new future there will be more and more older shoppers in the stores. This study has from a management perspective tried to find a suitable store design and atmosphere that would be appreciated by the older shoppers segment. The research question of the study was: What store atmosphere and store design lead the growing target group - the elderly towards a sales increasing shopping behaviour? In attempt of answering the research question the main purpose was to understand the needs and preferences of older consumers and their shopping behaviour related to the issues of food shopping in a supermarket and to be able to discover underlying mechanisms in order to suggest a store atmosphere and store design adapted to the older consumers; and thus an increasing sales strategy for the store. In order to form a theoretical frame various secondary sources have been used that were found to be suitable for the research area. The retail anthropologist Paco Underhill has been a great inspiration for many theories in the study. Two qualitative methods have been used: structural observations and semi-structural interviews. The qualitative method is well chosen and makes it possible to fulfil the purpose of the study. Seven individuals were first observed in a store while shopping and later interviewed about their shopping experience. In the analysis the empirical data was analysed with some references drawn to the theoretical frame. Similar behavioural patterns were identified among the participants that formed the concepts: morning shoppers, one stop store, personal atmosphere, brand unawareness and finally service access. In conclusions a store strategy, based on older consumers needs and preferences, was proposed that would make the older consumers of the study feel more welcomed in the store and hence hopefully shop more. The strategy contained features like: more staff members in the morning, more efficient use of the in-store kitchen, development of “We Care” strategy and others. Researcher’s own reflections and suggestions as well as the veracity conclude this bachelor thesis.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-73).

The main objective of this study was to describe the restaurant dining patterns of a representative random sample of adults 65 years of age and older and to evaluate the impact that their health concerns and special diets have on their restaurant dining patterns. In addition, the specific features of food service products and services that are important to aged individuals when selecting a restaurant were examined. The phrase '<i>dining patterns</i>' refers to both <i>food intake</i> (the specific foods consumed) and individual <i>consumption patterns</i> (time, frequency, location of meals, and dining companions). Four different measures were used to quantify <i>food intake</i>: (1) entree items most often selected; (2) preferred method of preparation; (3) frequency of dessert purchases; and (4) type of dessert most often selected. <i>Consumption patterns</i> were quantified as: (1) type of restaurant patronized for each meal period; (2) frequency of restaurant visits per meal period; (3) dollar value of purchases per meal period; and (4) restaurant dining companions. A mail survey of 1000 adults age 65 and older, was conducted in order to obtain information about the restaurant menu selections and consumption patterns of aged individuals living in the Commonwealth of Virginia. / Master of Science

The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of alternative advertising presentation formats, and the quantity of information presented in advertisements in overcoming possible information-processing deficits in senior adults that could affect their recall of ad attributes and brand name, the cognitive responses generated, and attitude toward the ad. In addition, the study examined the effectiveness of retirement status as a classification or segmentation variable in comparison with the use of the more traditional classification variable, chronological age. A convenience sample of senior adult volunteers from church groups, social clubs, and civic organizations from the local area were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental conditions. The experiment utilized a simulated magazine to test the effects of presentation formats (3 levels), and quantity of information (3 levels) on senior adult's recall, cognitive responses and attitude toward the test ads. Covariates (gender, wealth, education, activity level, health, and income) were used to reduce variance. The findings clearly indicate that the presentation format of the can ad adversely affected the memory of some senior adults. In addition, the results were significantly different across the different age levels. Retirement status was less beneficial than chronological age in the current study, but did reveal a marginally significant difference between seniors due to the number of attributes contained in the test ads. The implication of findings for advertisers and those who design marketing communications for seniors are numerous, and relate to the marketer's communication goals. Senior adults may prefer print media, but the inappropriate use of presentation format and the number of product attributes in the ads could have an adverse and significant impact when communicating with senior adults. Recognition of the information-processing differences of senior adults would result in more effective marketing communications for this rapidly growing and important segment of our society.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 65 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The tourism industry has been identified as the industry with the most potential to create jobs and contribute largely to economic growth. In order to live up to this potential, tourism businesses need to create tourism products for potential tourists which need to be promoted successfully through a number of mediums. The use of the Internet as a medium for promoting and selling tourism products is increasing, however, in order for tourism businesses to successfully promote the tourism product through the Internet, they have to understand the needs and wants of their current and potential target markets. One segment of the tourism market that has come under increasing attention is the mature traveller market. This market is defined as travellers who are 50 years of age and older. Generally, the mature traveller market is viewed as a small homogenous group of old consumers with little or no spending power. However, evidence suggests that this market is comprised of an increasing number of diverse people, who use the Internet and like to spend on tourism products. Therefore, this research will examine differences between Internet users and Internet non-users in the mature traveller market. Specific attention will be paid to investigate differences in demographic, socioeconomic, Internet use and travel-related characteristics. The identification of these characteristics will enable a profile to be d~veloped for each group, which can be used by tourism businesses to effectively promote tourism products over the Internet to the mature market In order to collect data from potential respondents, a questionnaire which was used in a similar study conducted in the US was used. Data was collected using a convenience sample of Internet users and Internet non-users from the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces of South Africa. Cronbach alpha and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the research instrument and measurement scales. In order to test whether differences did exist between the two groups the Chi-square and t-test statistics were used. Finally in order to examine which factors where influential in differentiating between Internet users and Internet non-users discriminant analysis was employed. The findings in the present study suggest that there are significant differences in demographics, socioeconomic, Internet use and travel-related characteristics between Internet users and Internet non-users in the mature market. By understanding the differences between Internet users and Internet non-users, tourism businesses can identify marketing strategies that appeal to mature travellers who use the Internet and to those do not, by utilising information gathered from Internet users and Internet non-users demographic, socio-economic and travel-related characteristics.

This study concerned the impact lifestyles of the elderly have on purchases from different product categories. The main purpose was to determine, evaluate, and analyze the effects of lifestyles on elderly shoppers' choice of retail outlets.