published_or_final_version / Anatomy / Master / Master of Research in Medicine

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by Long Wan Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 77-93. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ix / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / ANATOMY OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA --- p.1 / NEUROGENESIS AND DIFFERENTIATION OF OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS --- p.3 / ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVE FIBER LAYER OF THE OLFACTORY BULB --- p.4 / FACTORS INFLUENCING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION --- p.6 / Chapter (1) --- Extracellular Matrix Molecules / Chapter (2) --- Cell Adhesion Molecules / Chapter (3) --- Soluble Diffusible Molecules / ASTROCYTES AS A SUBSTRATUM FOR CELL CULTURE --- p.12 / EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSE AND DESIGN --- p.15 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.16 / PREPARATION OF CELLULAR SUBSTRATA --- p.16 / Chapter (1) --- Cortical Astrocyte Monolayers / Chapter (2) --- OB Astrocyte Monolayers / Chapter (3) --- ONL Glial Cell Monolayers / Chapter (4) --- Skin Fibroblast Monolayers / DISSOCIATION OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA --- p.22 / TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- p.23 / IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE --- p.24 / IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY --- p.26 / COUNTING OF ORNs BEARING NEURITES AND MEASUREMENT OF NEURITE LENGTH --- p.26 / ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONED MEDIA --- p.27 / Chapter (1) --- Preparation of Conditioned Media / Chapter (2) --- Ultrafiltration / Chapter (3) --- Heat Treatment / Chapter (4) --- Protein Assay / Chapter (5) --- Investigation of Concentration-Activity Relationship / TABLE 1 --- p.30 / FIGURES 1-2 --- p.31 / RESULTS --- p.36 / TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- p.36 / Chapter (1) --- Cortical Astrocytes / Chapter (2) --- ORNs on Cortical Astrocytes / "OLFACTORY NEURITE EXTENSION ON CORTICAL ASTROCYTES, OB ASTROCYTES, ONL GLIAL CELLS, AND FIBROBLASTS" --- p.38 / Chapter (1) --- Morphology of the Cellular Substrata / Chapter (2) --- Morphology of ORNs on Various Cellular Substrata / Chapter (3) --- Quantitative Studies of Olfactory Neurite Extension on the Cellular Substrata / CELL ADHESION MOLECULES ON ASTROCYTES --- p.41 / INFLUENCE OF SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES ON OLFACTORY NEURITE EXTENSION --- p.42 / ANALYSIS OF MEDIA CONDITIONED BY FIBROBLASTS --- p.44 / Chapter (1) --- Molecular Weight Range of the Inhibitory Substance(s) / Chapter (2) --- Culture of ORNs on Cortical Astrocytes in Heat-treated CMF / Chapter (3) --- Protein Assay / Chapter (4) --- Concentration-Activity Relationship / TABLES 2-8 --- p.46 / FIGURES 3-9 --- p.53 / DISCUSSION --- p.69 / CONCLUSIONS --- p.76 / REFERENCES --- p.77

[161] leaves : ill., photos, graphs ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, 1975

No description available.

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are non-myelinating glial cells that provide ensheathment for axons of the olfactory nerve in vivo. OECs have been shown to facilitate the regeneration of CNS axons, to assemble a myelin sheath around demyelinated axons, and it has been suggested OECs migrate very well within the microenvironment of the injured CNS. However, there has been no direct test of their migratory ability in vivo. The aims of this study were to determine whether: 1) OECs can be induced to migrate towards an ethidium bromide (EtBr)-induced focal (~1 mm long) demyelination of the spinal cord white matter; 2) OECs migrate away from a focal demyelination either into normal CNS tissue or towards a second demyelinated lesion; 3) microglial reactivity is required for the generation of the migratory signal(s) inducing OECs to migrate towards a focal demyelination; 4) OECs grafted into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord will migrate into the neuropil in the absence of demyelination. To achieve these aims, we developed an in vivo model for studying the migratory ability of OECs within the adult rat spinal cord. A small focal EtBr-induced demyelination of the dorsal funiculus (unilaterally) of the spinal cord was made at variable distances from the site of a DiI-labelled OEC graft. The major findings were: i) the strength of the migratory signal(s) inducing OECs to migrate increased as the demyelinated lesion was located closer to the grafting site; ii) the OEC migration towards a distal demyelinated lesion was greatly enhanced when the cells were grafted directly into a second demyelinated lesion; iii) the cell migration occurred along a migratory path containing many reactive astrocytes and microglia; iv) the migration of OECs was significantly reduced when the microglial reactivity was dampened using minocycline; and v) OECs survived grafting into cerebrospinal fluid (i.e. subarachnoid space) and migrated into the neuropil of the brain and spinal cord. The major conclusions are that OECs can respond to migratory signal(s) arising as a result of a focal EtBr-induced demyelination and that microglia are one potential source of these migratory signal(s).

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are non-myelinating glial cells that provide ensheathment for axons of the olfactory nerve in vivo. OECs have been shown to facilitate the regeneration of CNS axons, to assemble a myelin sheath around demyelinated axons, and it has been suggested OECs migrate very well within the microenvironment of the injured CNS. However, there has been no direct test of their migratory ability in vivo. The aims of this study were to determine whether: 1) OECs can be induced to migrate towards an ethidium bromide (EtBr)-induced focal (~1 mm long) demyelination of the spinal cord white matter; 2) OECs migrate away from a focal demyelination either into normal CNS tissue or towards a second demyelinated lesion; 3) microglial reactivity is required for the generation of the migratory signal(s) inducing OECs to migrate towards a focal demyelination; 4) OECs grafted into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord will migrate into the neuropil in the absence of demyelination. To achieve these aims, we developed an in vivo model for studying the migratory ability of OECs within the adult rat spinal cord. A small focal EtBr-induced demyelination of the dorsal funiculus (unilaterally) of the spinal cord was made at variable distances from the site of a DiI-labelled OEC graft. The major findings were: i) the strength of the migratory signal(s) inducing OECs to migrate increased as the demyelinated lesion was located closer to the grafting site; ii) the OEC migration towards a distal demyelinated lesion was greatly enhanced when the cells were grafted directly into a second demyelinated lesion; iii) the cell migration occurred along a migratory path containing many reactive astrocytes and microglia; iv) the migration of OECs was significantly reduced when the microglial reactivity was dampened using minocycline; and v) OECs survived grafting into cerebrospinal fluid (i.e. subarachnoid space) and migrated into the neuropil of the brain and spinal cord. The major conclusions are that OECs can respond to migratory signal(s) arising as a result of a focal EtBr-induced demyelination and that microglia are one potential source of these migratory signal(s).

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, 1975.