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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DISTINCT T CELL CLONES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD), AND POTENTIALLY GRAFT-VERSUS-TUMOR (GVT), RESPONSES FOLLOWING ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Berrie, Jennifer 28 April 2011 (has links)
In patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with HLA-identical donors, genetic polymorphisms result in a mismatch between donors and recipients in their minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs), and tumors may also express tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that may not be abundantly present in the donors. Donor T cells can recognize such mHAgs and TAAs as foreign antigens and generate an objective response against hematologic malignancies in a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. However, a major side effect of HSCT occurs when donor T cells are alloreactive against the recipients’ normal cells, leading to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The ability to identify T cell clones that are exclusively involved in the GVT or GVHD responses remains elusive. In this study, we looked at clonally-driven CD3+ T cells in patients with hematologic malignancies prior to and after transplantation. We identified Vbeta families of increased expression involved in GVHD or GVT responses, with Vbetas 4, 11, and 23 being associated with GVHD, Vbetas 9, 16, and 20 being associated with GVT, and Vbetas 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, and 17 being involved in GVHD and/or GVT. We were also able to identify some of the Vbeta families that were increased in the peripheral blood at the site of GVHD. Furthermore, one of our twelve patients had donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) for treatment of relapse, from which we were able to observe oligoclonal T cells that emerged at the time of post-DLI remission and re-establishment of GVHD.
2

Hétérogénéité génétique et clonale des Syndromes Myélodysplasiques / Genetic and clonal heterogeneity of myelodysplastic syndromes

Chesnais, Virginie 15 December 2015 (has links)
Les syndromes myélodysplasiques (SMD) forment un groupe de pathologies clonales de la cellule souche hématopoïétique (CSH) caractérisées par une hématopoïèse inefficace. La présence d’au moins une anomalie génétique (anomalie cytogénétique ou mutation somatique) est observée dans plus de 90% des cas. Ainsi, plusieurs clones moléculaires pouvaient coexister au moment du diagnostic de la maladie. Dans les SMD avec délétion du chromosome 5 (del(5q)), il a récemment été montré que les anomalies étaient présentes dès le stade de la CSH. Dans les SMD, la pénétrance des anomalies génétiques décrites est incomplète. De plus, peu de choses sont actuellement connues sur l’ordre d’apparition des mutations et leur impact fonctionnel sur les différents clones moléculaires dans le cas des SMD non-del(5q). Grâce au séquençage d’exome entier (WES) de patients ne présentant aucune mutation dans les gènes décrits dans les SMD, nous avons décrit l’existence de mutations dans les gènes BCOR et BCORL1, chez respectivement 4,2% et 0,8% des patients. Les mutations du gène BCOR arrivent tardivement au cours de l’évolution de la maladie et affectent le pronostic des patients. Des approches à l’échelle unicellulaire nous ont également permis d’observer que la majeure partie des mutations identifiées chez les patients sont retrouvées dès le stade CD34+CD38-. Chez les patients, plusieurs clones moléculaires coexistent à ce stade. De plus, les mutations des gènes de l’épissage et de la régulation épigénétique sont fréquemment acquises en premier dans les cellules hématopoïétiques les plus immatures des patients porteurs de SMD. Nous avons observé que certaines mutations, acquises secondairement, sont réparties inégalement dans les différents compartiments hématopoïétiques et peuvent avoir un impact sur la différenciation hématopoïétique. Enfin, nous montrons que la répartition des clones moléculaires évolue au cours du temps. En réponse au traitement par Lenalidomide, on observe également une évolution rapide de l’architecture clonale qui peut être liée au statut de réponse des patients. Ces résultats tendent à confirmer l’hétérogénéité génétique mais aussi fonctionnelle des SMD. Nous avons pu identifier de nouvelles mutations impliquées secondairement dans la physiopathologie des SMD. Il existe une dominance clonale précoce dans les SMD du fait de l’acquisition de toutes les mutations dans les cellules hématopoïétiques immatures. Cependant, les différentes populations hématopoïétiques peuvent présenter des génotypes différents. Enfin cette architecture est variable au cours de l’évolution de la maladie. / Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. At least one genetic abnormality (cytogenetic abnormality or somatic mutation) is observed in more than 90% of cases. Thus, it has been observed several molecular clones which could coexist at diagnosis of the disease. In MDS with deletion of chromosome 5 (del (5q)), it has recently been shown that defects were present in the HSC. In MDS, the penetrance of genetic abnormalities described is incomplete. In addition, little is currently known about the order of appearance of mutations and their functional impact on different molecular clones in the case of non-del (5q) MDS. Through the whole exome sequencing (WES) of patients without mutation in the genes described in MDS, we described the existence of mutations in genes BCOR and BCORL1, in respectively 4.2% and 0.8% of patients. Mutations in the gene BCOR were acquired lately during the course of the disease and affect the prognosis of patients. Approaches at the single cell level have also allowed us to observe that most of the mutations identified in patients are found at the immature differentiation stage CD34+CD38-. In patients, several molecular clones could coexist at this stage. In addition, mutations in gene splicing and epigenetic regulation are frequently first acquired in the most immature hematopoietic cells of MDS patients. We found that certain mutations, acquired in a second time, are distributed unevenly in different hematopoietic compartment and may have an impact on hematopoietic differentiation. Finally, we showed that the distribution of molecular clones evolves over time. In response to treatment with Lenalidomide, it has also been observed a rapid evolution of clonal architecture that can be linked to patient response status. These results tend to confirm the genetic but also functional heterogeneity in MDS. We have identified new mutations involved in the pathogenesis of MDS. We observed an early clonal dominance in MDS because of the acquisition of all mutations in immature hematopoietic cells. However, different hematopoietic populations can have different genotype. Finally, the architecture of mutations could be modifying during the course of the disease.

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