A discussão parte do princípio de que o espaço é um produto social e não um sujeito, como algumas políticas públicas vem reproduzindo. A apropriação de espaços que não estavam vazios, utilizando os megaeventos esportivos como justificativa, sinaliza um momento fundamental do processo de reprodução do capitalismo. Tal processo traz à tona o conflito do espaço como lugar de apropriação e uso em contraposição ao espaço como reprodução de valor e de riqueza. Dentro desse contexto, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que historicamente se utiliza de planos de ordenação urbana de forma a legitimar mudanças espaciais em fragmentos da cidade, tem dado continuidade a esse processo nos últimos anos através da implantação dos Planos Estratégicos e da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar as mudanças socioespaciais ocasionadas na comunidade Vila Autódromo, localizada no bairro da Barra da Tijuca - RJ, em razão da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016. A pesquisa tem por objetivo específico identificar os sujeitos sociais e interesses envolvidos no processo de remoção dessa comunidade. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi utilizada metodologia teórico-documental com base em documentos normativos e jurídicos relativos ao processo de remoção pelo qual passa a Vila Autódromo desde 1993, e também documentos fotográficos e mapas, igualmente fundamentais para a compreensão do objeto. Durante todo o processo da pesquisa, foram realizadas pesquisas de campo de caráter descritivo e analítico, com aplicação de entrevistas qualitativas e análise de conteúdo dos dados, que embasam a conflitualidade entre os interesses dos moradores, o poder público e as empresas privadas, numa tentativa de compreensão de como as mudanças socioespaciais se inserem entre o lugar, a cidade e o espaço mundial. A Vila Autódromo se destaca nesse cenário pela luta de resistência dos seus moradores para permanecer no seu espaço de vivência e convivência e na consolidação de uma comunidade que enxerga o valor social da terra e não apenas o seu valor de mercado, sinalizando o caráter de conflito pelo direito à moradia que se estabelece na cidade do Rio de Janeiro atualmente / The discussion starts from the principle that space is a social product and not a subject, as some public policies have been executing. The appropriation of spaces that were not empty, using the sports mega events as a justification, signals a fundamental moment in the capitalist reproduction process. This process brings the conflict of the space as a place of appropriation and use opposed to the space as a reproduction of value and wealth. In this sense, the city of Rio de Janeiro, which historically uses urban development plans in order to legitimize spatial changes in fragments of the city, has continued this process in recent years, through the implementation of strategic plans and realization of the Olympic Games. This paper objective is to analyze the socio-spatial changes brought to the Vila Autódromo community, located in the Barra da Tijuca Rio de Janeiro city, because of the Olympic Games Rio-2016. One specific objective is to identify the social actors and interests involved in the removal of this community. To achieve this goal, the paper uses theoretical and documental methodology based in normative and legal documents related to the removal process experienced by the Vila Autódromo since 1993, as well as photographic documents and maps, equally imperatives to understand the object of the research. Inseparably, field surveys in the Vila Autódromo and the city of Rio de Janeiro were conducted through descriptive and analytical perspectives, with application of qualitative interviews and content analysis of the data that underlies the conflict between the interests of residents, the government and private companies in an attempt to understand how the socio-spatial changes are part of the place, the city and the global economies. The Vila Autódromo stands out in this scenario for its residents\' resistance struggle to stay in their living space and the consolidation of a community that sees the social value of land and not just its market value, indicating the nature of conflict for the right to housing that is established in the city of Rio de Janeiro today

The aim of this thesis is to understand and demonstrate the narrow ties between sport and International Relations. My purpose is to examine how Football especially is mixed with International Relations in many levels. The theoretical framework deals with the nationalism theories. Nationalism theories have been relevant only for the last two decades. Nationalism has been developed in the two last centuries with the industrialisation. It can be considered as a political doctrine or ideology. The definition of Nationalism is not obvious because there are no founding theorist or text on it. This process of nationalism induced nations to existence or self-determination. But extreme nationalism can be a danger. Nationals symbols have been created like language, food and drink, clothing, commemorative holidays, military heroes, flags, colours, and anthems. Sport should not be forgotten in this Nationalism ideology. A qualitative study of all the books have been studied carefully. The thesis is based on a long historical approach that permitted to demonstrate the links between sport and International Relations. Pierre de Coubertin wanted Olympics to bring peace and without political means, but the situation changed rapidly everything and government policies were really influenced by sports. Not only totalitarian states but also democratic ones have been using sport for their propaganda to promote national strength. It has been like a trigger mechanism, everyone has understood how to use sport for diplomatic relations and it is a safer and harmless way than a war. Then a study of national identity construction will be the second goal. Governments are now involved in sport to promote the prestige of a group. The other reason is to encourage a sense of identity, belonging and unity. Sport as a diplomatic tool can be considered like a public diplomacy to influence opinion. Football passion is shared by every citizen and helps us to understand the complexity of the world with its conflicting nations. In all this complicated situation, the Nordic nationalism is a fascinating new direction of peace and tolerance. For example, the Danes showed a festive way to support national teams that we can call a ‘sporting nationalism’.

Les événements futurs, non vécus et encore inconnus, s’apparentent souvent à des phénomènes insignifiables de manière rationnelle et fondée. Pourtant, les journalistes de presse écrite annoncent régulièrement dans les colonnes des quotidiens nationaux les grands rendez-vous de l’actualité à venir. Soit autant d’événements politiques, sportifs ou culturels, programmés à l’agenda médiatique, qui n’ont pas encore eu lieu. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse aborde le processus de « médiatisation anticipative » en cherchant à comprendre comment certains journalistes du Monde, du Figaro et de Libération parviennent à donner objectivement du sens aux Jeux olympiques de Pékin, plusieurs années avant leur déroulement. A partir d’une enquête qualitative et compréhensive construite à l’aide des outils théoriques de la sociologie issue de la phénoménologie, nous avons analysé les logiques sociales et cognitives qui guident les journalistes dans leur prévision de l’événement. Il en ressort que l’anticipation de ce grand rendez-vous sportif est un processus journalistique raisonné bâti sur trois schèmes entremêlés. Le premier permet de contextualiser l’événement à partir des occurrences observées dans le présent. Le second l’identifie en le confrontant à d’autres événements passés typiquement similaires. Enfin, le troisième l’interprète par la projection d’un probable devenir. / The future events, non actual and still unknown, are often similar to meaningless phenomena on a rational and well-founded way. Nevertheless, written press journalists regularly report the big current events to come in the national dailies. It means that many political, sports and cultural events, which are media scheduled, have not yet occurred. Bearing this in mind, this doctoral thesis depicts the process of " proactive mediatisation ", which aims at understanding how some journalists from Le Monde, Le Figaro and Libération objectively succeed in giving a meaning to the Beijing Olympic Games several years before their staging. A qualitative and comprehensive study, built on theoretical tools from phenomenology based sociology, has been carried out. It enables us to analyse the social and cognitive logics leading the journalists in their prediction, which reveals that the anticipation of this big sports event is the result of a argued journalistic process built on three intermingled schema. The first one contextualizes the event from cases observed in the present time. The second schema identifies this event in facing other past events typically similar. The last schema interprets the Beijing Olympic Games by forecasting a likely future.

This work deals with the summarization of data about the conditions of qualification for particular sport branches and disciplines for the Olympic Games. The issues focus on the 2016 summer Olympics. The aim of the theoretic part is to briefly introduce the history of the Olympics, the division of controlling authorities of international Olympic movement and the contribution of Olympic Games. Further are mentioned Olympic sports and disciplines, qualification of athletes for XXXI. Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, the attendance of athletes and the programme of the Olympics. The theoretic part ends with the chapter about evaluation of the sport performance. As for the processing of the result part, the analysis of the documents, published by individual international sport federations. The method of controlled conversation was used for problematic questions, which appear during writing this work. The result part presents qualification criterions for all athletes, which were integrated into the programme of XXXI. summer Olympic Games. The discussion deals with the approval of my hypothesis that there are groups of sports, which had the same qualification for the Olympics in 2016. In conclusion, particular groups of sports are commented and the purpose of my work is assessed.

This thesis presents a sociological critique of the concept of legacy as it surrounded the London 2012 Paralympic Games. A sociological approach was adopted to challenge much of the spontaneous sociology that surrounds the ascendancy of legacy within the Olympic and Paralympic space. Legacy, disability and the Paralympic Games are the predominant structures of the research problem. The literature review attempts to present a sociology of the sociological approaches in these fields. Underpinning the research design is Bourdieu et al. s (1991) epistemological hierarchy which consists of and proceeds from the break , the construction of a conceptual framework to the empirical design. This hierarchy contributed to the repositioning of legacy from the pursuit of cause and effect, or rather away from the pursuit of legitimacy and illegitimacy, of London 2012 to a study of the proposed and imposed causes and effects, legitimations and illegitimations of it. Aligned to this repositioning is the primary collection of data through interviews with five different institutional fields: government, media, corporate sponsors, disability sport and disability institutions. The research findings present a positional analysis of the inter- and intra-relations of these respective fields. In the discussion key symbolic struggles and issues are presented for each field with particular attention given to the development of the positive leaning and legitimising best ever Paralympic narrative and to the commercial and political legitimacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games. It is concluded that legacy is ultimately a symbolic struggle of different visions of respective agents and institutions that are unable to achieve these absolute visions or ends.

Coubertin avait souhaité organiser les premiers Jeux de l’ère moderne à Paris en 1900 dans le cadre de l’Exposition universelle ou en relation avec elle. Mais dès janvier 1894, le Commissaire général de cette Exposition universelle, Alfred Picard, a rejeté sa proposition, préférant organiser des concours d’exercices physiques et de sport sous le contrôle du comité d’organisation de l’Exposition, privant ainsi Coubertin des soutiens qui lui auraient permis d'organiser les Jeux olympiques. Il ne restait alors plus au président du CIO qu’à sauver les apparences, afin d’assurer la survie du mouvement olympique naissant. Il y a si bien réussi que le mythe des Jeux olympiques de 1900 perdure jusqu’à nos jours, entretenu, il est vrai, par le CIO lui-même. Cette thèse se propose de démêler le vrai du faux à propos des « Jeux olympiques » de 1900 qui, de fait, n’ont pas eu lieu. / Coubertin wished to organize the first games of the modern era in Paris in 1900, within the framework of, or in connection with, the World Fair. But from January 1894, Alfred Picard, the World Fair General Commissioner, rejected his proposal, rather choosing to organize physical exercises and sport competitions, thus depriving Coubertin of the supports who would have allowed him to organize Olympic Games. Therefore the only solution left for the IOC President was to keep up appearances, in order to ensure the survival of the rising Olympic movement. He made it so well that the myth of the 1900 Olympic Games still goes on, a myth preserved by the IOC itself. The purpose of this thesis is to separate fact from fiction about the so-called 1900 “Olympic Games” which n fact never occurred.

The Master Thesis deals with the communication strategy of the Czech Olympic House in Rio de Janeiro during the XXXI. summer olympic games that will take place in 2016. The succesful Czech Olympic House in London is considered to be a groundwork for this strategy. There is a need to diversify, especialy because of the different characteristics of both destinations. The aim of this thesis is to find the optimal communication instruments and their application in the way that will respect the conditions of both czech and brazilian market. The emphasis is placed on the promotion of the Czech republic as a reliable business partner and attractive tourist destination.

Diploma thesis "China in the Czech Press: Comparing Representations of Authoritarian Political System in Democratic Media System" uses qualitative content analysis to examine attributes ascribed to China by selected Czech mainstream newspapers in selected periods, systematizing and categorizing the findings into instituted categories. The analysis serves as a basis for answering the key question: How media representations of political and social system - which is unacceptable in the system where the media work - can be ideologically adapted? Brief insight into history and contemporary problems of China and interpretation of the term "ideology" based on description of the development of this term firstly in its negative definition of Marxist line stay before presentation of results of the qualitative research. The thesis includes also extensive part full of graphical supplements which denote image of China in discourse of dailies Lidové noviny and Právo in five selected periods. It allows easy comparison of separate partial discourses, so distinctions among the partial images of China are well discoverable.

The structure and tendencies of Czech television's sports news is analyzed in this thesis. The hidden features and principles are revealed through a qualitative analysis of 17 episodes of the program Branky, body, vteřiny, which contains the information of Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. The author looks at the phenomenon of sport from many different sociological and anthropological perspectives (sport as a ritual, sport and identity construction, gender in the sport). She reveals the processes through which the media image of the Olympic Games is constructed. The final findings are demonstrated by specific examples originating in 17 episodes of sports news.

This diploma thesis Protection of Olympic Symbols in Relation to the Media shows how the Czech Olympic Committee monitors the use of Olympic Symbols and how the law that protects Olympic symbols is approached by the Czech media. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to bring a professional insight into this issue, to summarize the legal norms and other accompanying rules of the International Olympic Committee and Czech Olympic Committee and to show specific examples of violations by the Czech media in informing about the Olympic Games. The diploma thesis also uncovers why specific errors in the media occur, how media deal with the protection of the Olympic symbols in the media, and how media ensure the abidance of the law within the internal structures. An integral part of this thesis is a general summary of all the rules, examples of the errors and a summary of both the media and the Czech Olympic Committee perspectives on the issue.