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Tvorba variant finančního plánu veřejné stavební zakázky z pohledu investora / Creating of the Financial Plan Variant of Public Order from the View InvestorKubešová, Michaela January 2018 (has links)
Dissertation work is based on creation of variants financial plan public construction order from view of investor. The theoretical part is focusing on issue of public orders, preparation and planning orders and finally on their financing support. Practical part of dissertation is described specific public order, for which they are created variants of financing plans.
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Hotspotový systém pro více operátorů / Hotspot system for more network operatorsStrmiska, Roman January 2009 (has links)
Master’s thesis deals with the design and realization of a hotspot system for more Operators, it solves problems of QoS, billing of transferred data and distribution of services via a common wireless interface. The theoretic part is oriented to the selection of a suitable technology and explanation of a legislation, which relates to an activity of the hotspot‘s network. The practical part solves the choice of hardware, design and realization of the experimental network. In conclusion are tested transit parameters of the network and its functionality.
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Privacy-preserving E-ticketing Systems for Public Transport Based on RFID/NFC TechnologiesGudymenko, Ivan 20 April 2015 (has links)
Pervasive digitization of human environment has dramatically changed our everyday lives. New technologies which have become an integral part of our daily routine have deeply affected our perception of the surrounding world and have opened qualitatively new opportunities. In an urban environment, the influence of such changes is especially tangible and acute. For example, ubiquitous computing (also commonly referred to as UbiComp) is a pure vision no more and has transformed the digital world dramatically. Pervasive use of smartphones, integration of processing power into various artefacts as well as the overall miniaturization of computing devices can already be witnessed on a daily basis even by laypersons. In particular, transport being an integral part of any urban ecosystem have been affected by these changes.
Consequently, public transport systems have undergone transformation as well and are currently dynamically evolving. In many cities around the world, the concept of the so-called electronic ticketing (e-ticketing) is being extensively used for issuing travel permissions which may eventually result in conventional paper-based tickets being completely phased out already in the nearest future. Opal Card in Sydney, Oyster Card in London, Touch & Travel in Germany and many more are all the examples of how well the e-ticketing has been accepted both by customers and public transport companies.
Despite numerous benefits provided by such e-ticketing systems for public transport, serious privacy concern arise. The main reason lies in the fact that using these systems may imply the dramatic multiplication of digital traces left by individuals, also beyond the transport scope. Unfortunately, there has been little effort so far to explicitly tackle this issue. There is still not enough motivation and public pressure imposed on industry to invest into privacy. In academia, the majority of solutions targeted at this problem quite often limit the real-world pertinence of the resultant privacy-preserving concepts due to the fact that inherent advantages of e-ticketing systems for public transport cannot be fully leveraged.
This thesis is aimed at solving the aforementioned problem by providing a privacy-preserving framework which can be used for developing e-ticketing systems for public transport with privacy protection integrated from the outset. At the same time, the advantages of e-ticketing such as fine-grained billing, flexible pricing schemes, and transparent use (which are often the main drivers for public to roll out such systems) can be retained.
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Metadata Management in Multi-Grids and Multi-CloudsEspling, Daniel January 2011 (has links)
Grid computing and cloud computing are two related paradigms used to access and use vast amounts of computational resources. The resources are often owned and managed by a third party, relieving the users from the costs and burdens of acquiring and managing a considerably large infrastructure themselves. Commonly, the resources are either contributed by different stakeholders participating in shared projects (grids), or owned and managed by a single entity and made available to its users with charging based on actual resource consumption (clouds). Individual grid or cloud sites can form collaborations with other sites, giving each site access to more resources that can be used to execute tasks submitted by users. There are several different models of collaborations between sites, each suitable for different scenarios and each posing additional requirements on the underlying technologies. Metadata concerning the status and resource consumption of tasks are created during the execution of the task on the infrastructure. This metadata is used as the primary input in many core management processes, e.g., as a base for accounting and billing, as input when prioritizing and placing incoming task, and as a base for managing the amount of resources allocated to different tasks. Focusing on management and utilization of metadata, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the requirements and challenges imposed by different collaboration models in both grids and clouds. The underlying design criteria and resulting architectures of several software systems are presented in detail. Each system addresses different challenges imposed by cross-site grid and cloud architectures: The LUTSfed approach provides a lean and optional mechanism for filtering and management of usage data between grid or cloud sites. An accounting and billing system natively designed to support cross-site clouds demonstrates usage data management despite unknown placement and dynamic task resource allocation. The FSGrid system enables fairshare job prioritization across different grid sites, mitigating the problems of heterogeneous scheduling software and local management policies. The results and experiences from these systems are both theoretical and practical, as full scale implementations of each system has been developed and analyzed as a part of this work. Early theoretical work on structure-based service management forms a foundation for future work on structured-aware service placement in cross- site clouds.
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SIP in an Interconnector and Service Provider RoleAltinkaya, Martin, Ahmedi, Saman January 2001 (has links)
This Master’s Thesis concerns the technical problems and solutions in the Telia Mobiles Golden Gate Architecture. The Golden Gate project will bridge service control from the IPnetwork to the circuit switched network. Connecting the different users of PSTN, GSM, W-LAN, and GPRS networks together will require solutions to many problems. Most of the problems have already been defined by Telia. Our task is to evaluate two parts of the Golden Gate architecture, namely the Interconnect- and Service Provider roles. The Interconnector provider connects networks of different technical standards and enables other network operators to reach Service Providers on the Internet or other IP-based networks. The role concerns mainly mapping between SS7 signaling and the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), charging and billing. Via the Interconnector the Service Provider can connect different services to any network. We will describe the SIP-protocol in detail and then we will look into the mapping between SS7 and SIP. We will also propose a charging model. It is important to have a solution that supports roaming between the different networks, we will evaluate such a solution. Most of the protocols (INAP, ENUM, MAP and ISUP) that are involved in the Golden Gate architecture are not completely defined. There are many Internet Drafts that discuss the possible functionality of the protocols and the interworking between them. Many different Internet-workgroups are working with these issues. No one seems to have the right answers for the interconnection between the protocols involved. Since the IP-telephony will probably replace today’s telephony systems, it is important to ensure a suitable Quality of Service (QoS), security that guarantees privacy, and a fair billing function. These are the three major problems in the IP-telephony world. IP-Telephony or Voice over IP (VoIP) has been on the market for a long time, there are many 'free IP-call sites' that use VoIP, but the quality of the calls are not yet good enough to replace traditional telephony. Our task here is to make sure that the necessary quality of service is provided, and a reliable charging model is used.
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[en] GRAPH THEORY IN OPERATIONS OF THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS / [pt] TEORIA DE GRAFOS NA OPERAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS HIDROTÉRMICOSEDGARDO GUILLERMO CAMACHO PALOMINO 21 November 2005 (has links)
[pt] A busca de uma maior eficiência na produção de energia
elétrica, tem levado vários países a reestruturar seus
setores elétricos tradicionalmente sob o controle de
governos federais ou estaduais, como na Inglaterra,
Espanha, Nova Zelândia, Argentina, Chile, Peru (motivo
deste trabalho) e atualmente no Brasil, onde o lucro das
empresas privadas esta ligada à eficiência da operação de
seus sistemas elétricos. Esta tese apresenta uma
alternativa de planejamento da operação ótima e
determinação das variáveis duais que podem ser usadas como
indicadores para elaborar estruturas tarifarias em
sistemas hidrotérmicos, baseado na teoria de grafos, onde,
a principal vantagem é a simplicidade e a eficiência: os
algoritmos de busca ótima em grafos são cerca de 200 a 300
vezes mais rápidos que os modelos tradicionais de
otimização linear e não linear [17]. O modelo de operação
do sistema hidrotérmico, considera as restrições
hidráulicas, cenários históricos de afluências e projetos
de expanção para o horizonte de estudo. / [en] The search for more efficiency in the production of
eletrical energy, has led several countries to re-
structure their eletric sectors, traditionally under
control of federal, or state governments like in England,
in /spain, in New Zeland, in argentina, in Chile, in Peru
(object of this work), and now in Brasil. In this new
structure the profit of the private enterprises ough to go
tied to the efficiency of their electric systems.
This thesis introduces an alternative form for optimal
operation planning, and for determination of dual
variables that can be used as indicators for rate-schedule
structures in hydrothermal systems based on graph theory.
The main advantage are simplicity, and efficiency: the
algorithm for optimal search in graph is 200 to 300 times
faster than the general purpose methods of linear and non-
linear optimization.
The operations model of the hydrothermal system considers
the hydraulic constraint, historical influx scenarius, and
capacity expansion projects within the study horizon.
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A scalable business model for mass customization of broadband services in the emerging Africa market / Dawid Pieter de WetDe Wet, Dawid Pieter January 2012 (has links)
Africa’s rapid adoption of the mobile phone is quickly closing the digital divide in voice services. But, just as one divide is closing, another one is widening. Consumers almost everywhere are demanding
more services and higher Internet access data rates. In the developing world the knowledge gained
through access to information is creating unprecedented opportunities and is having a dramatic
impact on the way people live and work. Africa, however, has been largely left behind in the shift to
broadband. Increasing the availability and affordability of broadband services is thus high on the
agenda for policy makers in Africa, though it will require major efforts from both government and the
private sector.
Fundamental to the all efforts to close the “digital divide” is the need to provide a ubiquitous and
affordable access network that will enable distribution of broadband services to anywhere, and
anytime throughout Africa. While many kinds of broadband services are being offered to the African
population, the currently available services have failed to reach the majority of Africans living in rural
areas. This poses a very pertinent question that justifies further investigations: why have the existing
broadband services failed to satisfy Africa’s need for a ubiquitous digital communication service. The
lack of penetration of the existing services makes it clear that a different technology and service
offering is needed, a service offering that is affordable to the large consumer market segment and
which can complement the mobile and ADSL broadband networks to provide services to all of Africa
on a cost effective basis.
This research work investigates the current business and technology domains and develops new
knowledge and the insights that are required firstly to understand why existing broadband services
are failing to reach rural Africa and secondly to understand what criteria must be satisfied to deliver
broadband access services to the mass consumer Africa market. The research work focuses on the
interrelationships between markets, technology and business of the consumer broadband market
and defines new thinking as reference to provide guidance to the future development of more
suitable broadband offerings for the rural African market.
The study centres around three principal areas of knowledge contribution.
Analysis of the primary factors impacting the delivery of broadband services
Firstly the study addresses the current market dynamics and technology realities to determine two
critical aspects: 1) Can the mass market afford broadband services or will it remain the privilege of
the higher income groups? And, 2) Can existing mobile broadband , ADSL and satellite access services
meet the demands to service the mass market or is an alternative technology option required?
Through analytical review the study determined that there is a large, and growing, middle class
market that can afford broadband access services. This market sector is quantified in terms of
consumer income levels and demographic user data. The study formulates the commercial and
service criteria applicable to a broadband access service on servicing this target market.
The study further investigates the availability, affordability and market penetration of the current
mobile and ADSL broadband services and found that the available service options cannot effectively
meet the current and future demand. The limitation in meeting the current market demand leads to
a large under serviced consumer market in Africa. The study proposes a unique approach to quantify
the specific under-serviced gap, which will not be met by currently available broadband technologies.
The technology comparative study provides new insight into the limitations of mobile 3G broadband
services and why this technology will not be able to meet the future demand for consumer
broadband services in Africa. The technology study furthermore quantifies the advantages of using
satellite technology to implement a mass consumer broadband service in Africa. The study proves
that the ubiquitous nature and rapid deployment capabilities of satellite access networks provides
distinct benefits when deploying a mass consumer network which makes satellite the technology of
choice for consumer broadband services. We then continue to assess the ability of existing satellite
broadband offerings to satisfy the needs of African end-users, and find that those offerings have
been optimized for the needs and affordability levels of customers from the develop world. The
result is that satellite broadband services aimed at the African end-user is primarily used by
corporate and institutional customers, with little penetration of the consumer market. This finding
provides the motivation for developing a business model that can leverage available technology to
effectively service the African consumer market.
Innovation of new concepts to support a viable broadband business strategy
The mobile prepay model as well as the DStv pay-TV subscription services have demonstrated the
need for a specific business innovation to ensure successful market adoption of new technologies.
Both these industries have demonstrated that innovative approaches in the commercialization of
technology solutions are critical to ensure the mass adoption thereof. The second section of the
study therefore focuses on the innovations that are required to overcome the obstacles as identified
in section 1 in order to arrive at a business strategy and business model that will prove to be viable in
the delivery of broadband services to the rural African consumer market.
The first challenge is the selection of the most appropriate technology platforms and the
architectural design of the delivery systems to effectively service the mass consumer market. In
order to adapt the business models employed by existing satellite broadband service providers the
study defines the following two specific business innovation concepts that contribute to a new
business paradigm for mass market broadband access services:
1) Through applied billing model innovation the study defines a new billing structure for
broadband services and set a completely new paradigm for users to influence the cost of the
service. The new billing model provides end-user the capability to adapt their broadband
usage patterns to meet their budget constraints.
2) To successfully deliver a technology service to an emerging market requires a very specific
organisational structure that effectively integrates knowledge, capability and funding while
minimizing risk and uncertainty. The study proposes a new symbiotic organisational structure
that elegantly combines capability and knowledge while minimizing funding requirements to
ensure the acceptable market development risk.
Development of a business model simulator for satellite broadband service delivery
The deployment of a new type of satellite broadband service to rural Africa on an experimental basis
is too expensive to be conducted for research purposes. A more practical approach that is also
widely used in other domains of engineering is to construct a simulated model of the system being
studied. The third knowledge contribution area of the study therefore focuses on constructing a
mathematical model of the expected behavior of a business operation that provides satellite based
broadband services to the African market. This simulator can be applied to quantitatively analyze
various existing or proposed new business strategies. The business model simulation integrates all
the business, market, technology and commercial relationships that impacts on the expected
behavior of such an operation and provides a quantified model of expected business behavior based
on the underlying dynamics of the satellite broadband industry.
The development and validation of the business model simulator represents a unique contribution to
this industry as no results of a similar model that represents the operations of a satellite broadband
access service provider has been published before. The model empowers Service Providers and
industry stakeholders to analyze different business strategies and to quantify the impact of various
business decisions. In general it can be stated that this research work adds knowledge and insight to
the field of applied business strategy as applicable to providing advanced technology-based services
for emerging markets.
The final outcome of this research study is the business model simulator. It integrates various market
and business elements as well as satellite network engineering practises into an integrated financial
cost modelling, business scenario planning and engineering network design tool. Through this
integration of known disciplines the study provides an additional extension to the field of satellite
business engineering. / PhD (Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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A scalable business model for mass customization of broadband services in the emerging Africa market / Dawid Pieter de WetDe Wet, Dawid Pieter January 2012 (has links)
Africa’s rapid adoption of the mobile phone is quickly closing the digital divide in voice services. But, just as one divide is closing, another one is widening. Consumers almost everywhere are demanding
more services and higher Internet access data rates. In the developing world the knowledge gained
through access to information is creating unprecedented opportunities and is having a dramatic
impact on the way people live and work. Africa, however, has been largely left behind in the shift to
broadband. Increasing the availability and affordability of broadband services is thus high on the
agenda for policy makers in Africa, though it will require major efforts from both government and the
private sector.
Fundamental to the all efforts to close the “digital divide” is the need to provide a ubiquitous and
affordable access network that will enable distribution of broadband services to anywhere, and
anytime throughout Africa. While many kinds of broadband services are being offered to the African
population, the currently available services have failed to reach the majority of Africans living in rural
areas. This poses a very pertinent question that justifies further investigations: why have the existing
broadband services failed to satisfy Africa’s need for a ubiquitous digital communication service. The
lack of penetration of the existing services makes it clear that a different technology and service
offering is needed, a service offering that is affordable to the large consumer market segment and
which can complement the mobile and ADSL broadband networks to provide services to all of Africa
on a cost effective basis.
This research work investigates the current business and technology domains and develops new
knowledge and the insights that are required firstly to understand why existing broadband services
are failing to reach rural Africa and secondly to understand what criteria must be satisfied to deliver
broadband access services to the mass consumer Africa market. The research work focuses on the
interrelationships between markets, technology and business of the consumer broadband market
and defines new thinking as reference to provide guidance to the future development of more
suitable broadband offerings for the rural African market.
The study centres around three principal areas of knowledge contribution.
Analysis of the primary factors impacting the delivery of broadband services
Firstly the study addresses the current market dynamics and technology realities to determine two
critical aspects: 1) Can the mass market afford broadband services or will it remain the privilege of
the higher income groups? And, 2) Can existing mobile broadband , ADSL and satellite access services
meet the demands to service the mass market or is an alternative technology option required?
Through analytical review the study determined that there is a large, and growing, middle class
market that can afford broadband access services. This market sector is quantified in terms of
consumer income levels and demographic user data. The study formulates the commercial and
service criteria applicable to a broadband access service on servicing this target market.
The study further investigates the availability, affordability and market penetration of the current
mobile and ADSL broadband services and found that the available service options cannot effectively
meet the current and future demand. The limitation in meeting the current market demand leads to
a large under serviced consumer market in Africa. The study proposes a unique approach to quantify
the specific under-serviced gap, which will not be met by currently available broadband technologies.
The technology comparative study provides new insight into the limitations of mobile 3G broadband
services and why this technology will not be able to meet the future demand for consumer
broadband services in Africa. The technology study furthermore quantifies the advantages of using
satellite technology to implement a mass consumer broadband service in Africa. The study proves
that the ubiquitous nature and rapid deployment capabilities of satellite access networks provides
distinct benefits when deploying a mass consumer network which makes satellite the technology of
choice for consumer broadband services. We then continue to assess the ability of existing satellite
broadband offerings to satisfy the needs of African end-users, and find that those offerings have
been optimized for the needs and affordability levels of customers from the develop world. The
result is that satellite broadband services aimed at the African end-user is primarily used by
corporate and institutional customers, with little penetration of the consumer market. This finding
provides the motivation for developing a business model that can leverage available technology to
effectively service the African consumer market.
Innovation of new concepts to support a viable broadband business strategy
The mobile prepay model as well as the DStv pay-TV subscription services have demonstrated the
need for a specific business innovation to ensure successful market adoption of new technologies.
Both these industries have demonstrated that innovative approaches in the commercialization of
technology solutions are critical to ensure the mass adoption thereof. The second section of the
study therefore focuses on the innovations that are required to overcome the obstacles as identified
in section 1 in order to arrive at a business strategy and business model that will prove to be viable in
the delivery of broadband services to the rural African consumer market.
The first challenge is the selection of the most appropriate technology platforms and the
architectural design of the delivery systems to effectively service the mass consumer market. In
order to adapt the business models employed by existing satellite broadband service providers the
study defines the following two specific business innovation concepts that contribute to a new
business paradigm for mass market broadband access services:
1) Through applied billing model innovation the study defines a new billing structure for
broadband services and set a completely new paradigm for users to influence the cost of the
service. The new billing model provides end-user the capability to adapt their broadband
usage patterns to meet their budget constraints.
2) To successfully deliver a technology service to an emerging market requires a very specific
organisational structure that effectively integrates knowledge, capability and funding while
minimizing risk and uncertainty. The study proposes a new symbiotic organisational structure
that elegantly combines capability and knowledge while minimizing funding requirements to
ensure the acceptable market development risk.
Development of a business model simulator for satellite broadband service delivery
The deployment of a new type of satellite broadband service to rural Africa on an experimental basis
is too expensive to be conducted for research purposes. A more practical approach that is also
widely used in other domains of engineering is to construct a simulated model of the system being
studied. The third knowledge contribution area of the study therefore focuses on constructing a
mathematical model of the expected behavior of a business operation that provides satellite based
broadband services to the African market. This simulator can be applied to quantitatively analyze
various existing or proposed new business strategies. The business model simulation integrates all
the business, market, technology and commercial relationships that impacts on the expected
behavior of such an operation and provides a quantified model of expected business behavior based
on the underlying dynamics of the satellite broadband industry.
The development and validation of the business model simulator represents a unique contribution to
this industry as no results of a similar model that represents the operations of a satellite broadband
access service provider has been published before. The model empowers Service Providers and
industry stakeholders to analyze different business strategies and to quantify the impact of various
business decisions. In general it can be stated that this research work adds knowledge and insight to
the field of applied business strategy as applicable to providing advanced technology-based services
for emerging markets.
The final outcome of this research study is the business model simulator. It integrates various market
and business elements as well as satellite network engineering practises into an integrated financial
cost modelling, business scenario planning and engineering network design tool. Through this
integration of known disciplines the study provides an additional extension to the field of satellite
business engineering. / PhD (Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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The sale of law : ethical advising and advocacy in light of billing for civil litigation services2015 October 1900 (has links)
This thesis identifies the financial incentives of litigants and lawyers to behave in certain ways in relation to civil litigation files. By identifying such incentives, this thesis raises questions about the extent to which substantive and procedural private law is capable of being influenced by them. Specifically, this thesis argues that: lawyers have a lawmaking function within the private law system; lawyers have financial incentives distinct from those of their clients; and the costs of retaining lawyers produce observable incentives and effects on the outcomes of civil litigation matters. In addition to the many theoretical materials cited, empirical data have been cited from research observing the legal profession in North America and elsewhere. This thesis argues that external influences--such as financial incentives for non-parties--can affect the way private law applies and develops. This thesis also identifies general regulatory strategies that might limit the influence of external factors on private law.
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[en] ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRICE STRUCTURING FOR THE BRAZILIAN MARKET / [pt] FORMAÇÃO DE PREÇOS DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA PARA O MERCADO BRASILEIROCAROLINA FERREIRA SZCZERBACKI 27 September 2007 (has links)
[pt] Os preços de energia elétrica, insumo básico para todo o
Modelo Setorial,
constituem uma das maiores incertezas do setor. Estas
incertezas abrangem
todos os elementos formadores de preços: a oferta, a
demanda e as regras de
mercado, tornando muitas vezes difícil ao agente a
avaliação concreta e precisa
do processo da formação de preços e do impacto que a
variação de um dos
elementos do processo produz no resultado final. O
objetivo deste trabalho é
apresentar a estrutura de formação de preços no mercado
energético brasileiro
de forma sistematizada, avaliando a composição das
variáveis que afetam esta
estrutura: a demanda por consumo, a expansão do sistema e
as disponibilidades
energéticas. O mercado é modelado em todos os seus
detalhes físicos, e o
cálculo é realizado a partir de todo o arcabouço
regulatório, incluindo a
reprodução do modelo de operação ótima responsável pelos
preços de energia.
Descreve-se inicialmente um modelo de previsão de demanda
por subsistema,
utilizando-se técnicas de Teoria de Análise Funcional.
Focaliza-se em seguida o
suprimento futuro de energia no país a partir da expansão
da oferta. Finalmente,
utiliza-se uma simulação da operação ótima do sistema a
partir da reprodução
dos resultados do modelo utilizado no setor - o Newave - a
partir de uma
implementação própria desenvolvida especialmente no escopo
deste trabalho.
De posse dos possíveis cenários futuros, pode-se mensurar
o impacto que a
variação de cada elemento formador (demanda, expansão e
afluências) tem
sobre os custos de energia. É possível observar que as
incertezas nestas
variáveis podem gerar grandes impactos nos custos
marginais e,
conseqüentemente, nos custos futuros de energia elétrica. / [en] Energy Prices, essential input for the Sectorial Model,
consist on the
biggest uncertainties of the Electric Sector. These
uncertainties enclose all price
elements: the supply, the demand and the market rules,
making sometimes
difficult for the agents to evaluate the price process and
the impact that the
variation of each process element can produce on the
result. The objective is to
present Brazilian price process in a structuralized way,
evaluating the variables
composition that affects this structure: the demand, the
electric system expansion
and the energy supply availability. The market is modeled
in all its physical
details, and the calculation is done into the regulatory
environment, including a
reproduction of the optimal operation model responsible
for energy prices. First, a
demand forecast model is described, based on Functional
Analysis Theory.
Then, the focus is on the energy future supply, analyzing
the supply expansion in
Brazil. Finally, an optimal operation system is simulated,
reproducing the sector
model (Newave) results from an implementation developed in
this work. From
these possible future settings, each element (demand,
expansion and energy
supply availability) variation impact on energy prices can
be measured. The
simulations show that uncertainties about these variables
can have big impacts
on marginal costs and, consequently, on the energy future
prices.
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