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Assessing the role of stokvels in the start-up and growth of Cameroonian owned businesses in the Cape MetropoleNkem, Linus C January 2017 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration (Entrepreneurship)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Entrepreneurial activities are very evident within the Cape Metropole as the proliferation of small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) will attest. The most recent literature confirms the preponderance of immigrants in these economic activities. This phenomenon is unfolding against the backdrop of the contingent of challenges which they face which are not limited to discrimination, limited access to finance from formal financial institutions, inadequate skills, and language barriers. The limited access which they have to obtaining finance from formal financial institutions constitutes one of the most significant obstacles for many immigrant entrepreneurs. There is evidence to suggest that in response to this state of affairs, immigrants resort to unconventional means to obtain finance for their entrepreneurial activities. It has been found that, immigrants form self-help financial associations which are known as stokvels in South Africa as a means of obtaining the finances which are needed for the start-ups and even for the growth of their businesses. In fact, it could be asserted that the inability of immigrant entrepreneurs to obtain loans from commercial banks and other related financial institutions has resulted directly in the creation of immigrant-run informal financial institutions such as stokvels. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to assess the role which stokvels which are known in Cameroon as “njangis” or “tontines”, play in the start-ups and growth of businesses which are owned by Cameroonian immigrants in the Cape Metropole.
Both quantitative and qualitative approaches and research methods were used to conduct this study. The quantitative and qualitative data was collected through the administration of a questionnaire and the conducting of face-to face interviews respectively, owing to the nature of the target population. The data which was collected from the respondents who completed the questionnaires was captured, categorised and analysed in relation to the research questions through the use of SPSS statistical software and the findings were presented in the form of frequency tables and pie charts.
The study ascertained that “njangis” play a very important role in the businesses of Cameroonian immigrants and in their daily lives as they are not only a source of capital for the start-ups and expansion of the businesses of their members, but they also provide a means of saving money, as most of them do not have access to bank accounts. According to some of the respondents, some of the “njangis” even serve as forums for discussing business ideas. Like most other organisations, stokvels have their own unique challenges, which will be discussed comprehensively in Chapter Four, particularly with respect to the methods which are employed to overcome them. It is the considered opinion of the researcher that it is in the domain of entrepreneurship in particular that South African citizens could learn a great deal from immigrants from other African countries about the successful starting and running of small, medium and micro sized businesses as recent literature has demonstrated quite conclusively the significant contribution which their entrepreneurial enterprises make to the development of the South African economy, in terms of both earning revenue for the South African government and providing employment to South African citizens.
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Investigation of the failure of critical food security community gardens as poverty alleviation projects in Cape TownMtshisazwe, Mvuyisi Steven January 2018 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the failure of critical Food Security
Community Gardens as poverty alleviation projects in Cape Town. Community garden
projects have been used as poverty alleviation many years ago and as it are today.
Community garden projects provide food like, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, and other
natural products such as wood, flowers and herbs for poor communities. The
unemployment rate in South Africa is an ongoing issue; however this has made the
South African government to an emphasis on community garden projects. Although
there has been a commitment by South African government to promote use of
community garden projects to address food insecurity, however food security still remain
a major developing problem in this country. The objectives of this study were to identify
aspects that may contribute to failure of critical Food Security Community Gardens as
poverty alleviation projects. To identify critical success factors related to community
garden projects. To address the issue of food insecurity cape flats residents in Cape
Town. To find a solution to failure of critical Food Security Community Gardens as
poverty alleviation. A questionnaire was developed and used as a tool to acquire inputs
to satisfy the research questions. This study was based on material that was collected
from school, churches, clinics, and community residents. The findings were:
identification of the project risk, horticultural skills, project leadership, and land tenure
and water accessibility is critical for project success. Households sometimes spend a
day without eating any vegetable. The households are not always got their vegetable
from community garden projects. There is a lack of project leadership skills and effective
communication. Community members are educated on garden skills, Opportunity are
given to children to apply gardening skills, Community parks and gardens are used to
share knowledge. The analysed data has led to recommendations that it is most
important to identify critical success factors that are specifically to community garden
projects in order to succeed. The results from the study could enable community
members, professionals and assist government officials who are involved in addressing
food insecurity in order to alleviate poverty.
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The physical and social benefits of urban agriculture projects run by non-governmental organisations in Cape TownOlivier, David William 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Urban agriculture (UA) has always been practised in African urban centres. Only since the turn
of the twentieth century, however, have development researchers turned their attention to its
potential as a sustainable source of food security. Notwithstanding the initial optimism in this
regard, many have questioned whether UA is viable and whether it does deliver the benefits that
many espouse. This is because most of the benefits are evaluated in terms of their economic
viability or amount of produce grown to sustain a family, and often ignore what benefits may be
found beyond this. What this dissertation argues is that there are a range of physical and social
benefits that accrue from UA that cannot necessarily be measured. Research on the ground
suggests that the benefits of UA are more complex than supposed, as confirmed by a number of
qualitative case studies on UA in Africa.
Much attention is given to the food security and income dimensions of UA. There are, however,
also ecological, empowerment and gender dimensions. Throughout Africa, UA is used primarily
for food and economic security, through eating produce and trading it on the informal market.
The economic benefits of UA, however, are least available to the poor and to women, due
primarily to resource limitations, tenure insecurity and patriarchal cultures. While such findings
suggest that the benefits of UA bypass those who need them most, it is found that these
limitations may be overcome with support from non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
NGOs play a key role in promoting sustainable livelihoods. This is achieved through injections
of resources and investing in human and social capital. In Cape Town, UA has been supported
by NGOs for many years. More recently, local government has supported this effort with a UA
policy that legitimises public support through resource donations and the provision of land. The
question this dissertation sought to investigate was to what extent UA is contributing to the
livelihoods of those living in Cape Town‟s largest low-income area, the Cape Flats. As many of
the UA projects in Cape Town are run by NGOs, the focus was on a selection of these projects.
In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with NGOs and cultivators
throughout the Cape Flats. Four different types of cultivation feature, namely home cultivators,
cultivation groups, institutional cultivators and garden centres. Home cultivators operate on a
small scale on the property around their dwelling, while cultivation groups and institutional
cultivators use larger tracts of land. Cultivation groups operate independently, usually on council
land, while institutional cultivators cultivate on behalf of the institution whose land they use. All
cultivators are supported by the NGO‟s garden centres, the administrative hub of their UA
programme.
The findings show that some benefits of UA relate largely to the type of UA being practised. For
home cultivators, UA strengthens relationships and expands networks. Institutional plots teach
children to care for the environment. The economic and food security benefits of UA are evident
in formal groups, and NGO-led local garden centres play a supportive role for all cultivators.
Other benefits are felt by all cultivators. For example, cultivators from all types stated that UA
had taught them to eat healthily and to care for the environment, and all cultivators felt an
increased sense of self-worth. Furthermore, all cultivators gave produce away to those around
them. A prerequisite for these benefits, however, is successful cultivation, which is only possible
with the training and support offered by the NGOs.
The findings suggest that NGOs are vital both for ensuring that UA has the greatest impact in
low-income areas and for avoiding the limitations of UA that are evident throughout Africa.
Nevertheless, the uptake and sustainability of UA in Cape Town are limited by bureaucratic
hurdles to land access, limitations of donor funding and widespread attitudes of dependency in
its target areas. It is therefore likely that the expansion of UA in Cape Town will remain slow
until such limitations are addressed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stedelike landbou (SL) is nog altyd in die stedelike sentrums van Afrika beoefen. Dis egter eers
sedert die begin van die twintigste eeu dat ontwikkelingsnavorsers aandag geskenk het aan SL se
potensiaal as ‟n volhoubare bron van voedselsekerheid. Ondanks die aanvanklike optimisme in
hierdie verband, het baie bevraagteken of SL moontlik is en of dit die voordele wat baie
voorstaan, oplewer. Dit is omdat die meeste van die voordele geëvalueer is in terme van hul
ekonomiese potensiaal of die opbrengs om „n familie te onderhou en ignoreer dikwels watter
ander voordele daar mag wees. Wat hierdie proefskrif betoog is dat SL 'n verskeidenheid fisiese
en sosiale voordele inhou, wat nie noodwendig gemeet kan word nie. Navorsing op grondvlak
dui daarop dat die voordele van SL meer kompleks is as wat veronderstel word, soos bevestig
deur 'n aantal kwalitatiewe gevallestudies van SL in Afrika.
Baie aandag word aan die voedselsekerheid en inkomste dimensies van SL gegee. Daar is egter
ook ekologiese, bemagtigings- en geslagsdimensies. Regdeur Afrika word SL hoofsaaklik vir
voedselsekerheid en inkomste gebruik, deurdat die produkte geëet word en op die informele
mark verhandel word. Arm mense en vroue put egter die minste ekonomiese voordele uit SL,
hoofsaaklik as gevolg van hulpbronbeperkings, verblyfregonsekerheid en patriargale kulture.
Terwyl sulke bevindinge daarop dui dat die voordele van SL diegene omseil wat hulle die
meeste nodig het, is daar gevind dat hierdie beperkings deur ondersteuning van nieregeringsorganisasies
(NRO‟s) oorkom kan word.
NRO‟s speel ‟n belangrike rol in die bevordering van ‟n volhoubare lewensbestaan. Dit word
bereik deur middel van skenkings van hulpbronne en belegging in menslike en sosiale kapitaal.
In Kaapstad is SL vir baie jare al deur NRO‟s ondersteun. Onlangs het die plaaslike regering
hierdie poging ondersteun deur ‟n SL-beleid wat openbare steun deur helpbronskenkings en die
voorsiening van grond legitimeer. Die vraag wat hierdie proefskrif ondersoek het, is in watter
mate SL bydra tot die lewensbestaan van diegene wat in Kaapstad se grootste laeinkomstegebied,
die Kaapse Vlakte, woon. Omdat baie van die SL-projekte in Kaapstad deur
NRO‟s bestuur word, was die fokus op ‟n seleksie van hierdie projekte.
Diepte-onderhoude en fokusgroepgesprekke is met landbouers en NRO‟s dwarsoor die Kaapse
Vlakte gehou. Vier verskillende tipes landbou kom voor, naamlik tuislandbouers,
landbougroepe, institusionele landbouers en tuinsentrums. Tuislandbouers werk op ‟n klein skaal
op die grond rondom om hulle woning, terwyl die landbougroepe en institusionele landbouers
groter stukke grond bewerk. Landbougroepe werk onafhanklik, gewoonlik op grond wat aan die
standsraad behoort, terwyl institusionele landbouers namens die instansie wat se grond hulle
gebruik, verbou. Alle landbouers word deur die NRO-tuinsentrums ondersteun. Hierdie
tuinsentrums dien ook as die administratiewe sentra van die NRO‟s se SL-program.
Die bevindinge toon dat die voordele van SL verband hou met die tipe SL wat beoefen is. Vir die
tuislandbouers versterk SL verhoudings en brei dit netwerke uit. Institusionele tuine leer kinders
om vir die omgewing te sorg. Die ekonomiese en voedselsekerheidsvoordele van SL was
duidelik in formele groepe, en die NRO-tuinsentrums speel ‟n ondersteunende rol vir al drie
tipes. Die landbouers het ook ander voordele ervaar. Byvoorbeeld, alle soorte landbouers het
genoem dat SL hulle geleer het om gesond te eet en vir die omgewing te sorg en ook dat hulle ‟n
verhoogde gevoel van eiewaarde ervaar. Verder het al die landbouers van hulle oes aan mense
rondom hulle weggegee. ‟n Voorvereiste vir hierdie voordele was egter suksesvolle verbouing,
wat net moontlik was met die opleiding en ondersteuning wat deur die NRO‟s aangebied is.
Die bevindinge dui daarop dat NRO‟s noodsaaklik is om te verseker dat SL die grootste impak
in lae-inkomstegebiede kan hê, en om die beperkings van SL wat dwarsdeur Afrika duidelik is,
te vermy. Nogtans word die opname en volhoubaarheid van SL in Kaapstad beperk deur
burokratiese prosedures met betrekking tot toegang tot grond, beperkings van donateurs op
befondsing en ‟n wydverspreide staat van afhanklikheid in die teikengebiede. Dit is dus
waarskynlik dat die uitbreiding van SL in Kaapstad stadig sal bly totdat sodanige beperkings
aangespreek is.
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An analysis of Cape Town Municipality's approach to urban regeneration in the central business district and other business nodesLiebenberg, Christiaan Rudolf 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to certain writers urban regeneration as an idea encapsulates both the perception of city
decline (in local economies, in the use of land and buildings, in the equality of the environment and
social life) and the hope of renewal, reversing trends in order to find a new basis for economic
growth and social wellbeing. Rebuilding the city, clearing away obsolete buildings and vacant
sites, and producing new building forms and designs symbolised the renewal in action. But urban
regeneration also has different components or evolution criteria like, the major strategy (the focus
of the renewal project), an economic focus, a social content, a physical emphasis or an
environmental approach. The economic change that occurred in cities throughout the world in the
past decade, has been paralleled not only by the physical reshaping of the city, but it has been
accompanied by institutional restructuring (the rise of new firms, new working practices and
relationships designed to exploit new market opportunities).
The physical, economic, social and cultural projects launched through the process of urban
regeneration, reconstruct the economic, socio-cultural, political-institutional and physicalenvironmental
fabric of cities. It battles urban decay and redevelop the city to such a extend that it
brings back the original appeal of the city, which lured people to the central city for decades. But
not all urban renewal projects are aimed at the inner city; some are launched in a much wider
context and would focus on blighted or previously disadvantaged and marginalised areas. Renewal
projects in Cape Town and elsewhere in South Africa in cities like Durban and Johannesburg are
still ongoing and form an important part of rebuilding cities of modem South Africa. It is however
important to remember that not all urban renewal projects proved to be a success, some do fail. In
the Cape Town Metropole and the Central City local government has neglected many areas for
much too long. Recent efforts to restore the beauty of Cape Town and really address the urban
challenges that arose from the Apartheid legacy shows a commitment from the Cape Town
Municipality to create a much more liveable and economic viable urban environment.
This study investigated the City of Cape Town Municipality's approach towards urban regeneration
in the Central Business District and other specific business nodes. A literature review gave an
intellectual background to the study and helped to build a logical framework. Secondary analysis
helped define the goal of the study and qualitative field research assisted the investigation through
direct observation and semi-structured interviewing. The study did not aim to prove that every urban renewal project that was launched was aimed at eradicating the problems associated with the
Apartheid City. An important factor to take in account is that different business areas (The Victoria
and Alfred Waterfront) and nodes (The Wetton-Landsdowne Phillipi Corridor), the focus of this
study, make use of different redevelopment strategies. This study focused on how and why some
work and must be built upon, and delivered critique on why some failed and should convert to a
more successful renewal approach. The study concluded that the City of Cape Town's approach
towards urban regeneration do compare positively with redevelopment strategies followed in other
parts of the world such as America and Britain. The study tried to show the direction urban
regeneration could take for the future, based on an evaluation of urban regeneration evolution
criteria namely:
• The major strategy and orientation and key actors and stakeholders.
• The economic focus.
• The social content.
• The physical emphasis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stedelike vernuwmg omvat beide die konsep stedelike verval (met betrekking tot plaaslike
ekonomieë, die fisiese gebruik van grond en gebou en wat betref die kwaliteit van die omgewing)
en die hoop van vernuwing of herontwikkeling, met die idee om die rigting van strategie te verander
sodat 'n nuwe basis vir ekonomiese groei en sosiale welstand gevind kan word. Die
herontwikkeling of opbou van die stad beteken nie net die verwydering van nuttelose en
ongebruikte geboue en vakante grond nie. Stedelike hernuwing het verskeie komponenete of
evolusie kriteria, soos die hoof strategie (die fokus van die hernuwingsprogram), 'n ekonomiese
fokus, 'n sosiale inhoud, 'n fisiese klem of 'n omgewingsbenadering. Die ekonomiese verandering
wat oor die laaste dekade in die wêreld plaasgevind het is vergesel nie net deur 'n fisiese
herstrukturering van die wêreld se hoof stede nie, maar ook institusionele hervorming (die opkoms
van nuwe firmas en venootskappe en nuwe ekonomiese en mark geleenthede)
Die fisiese, ekonomiese sosiale en kulturele komponente wat deel vorm van stedelike
hernuwingstrategieë dra by tot die heropbou en herontwikkeling van die ekonomiese, sosiokulturele,
polities-institusioneel en fisiese-omgewingsfabrikaat van stede. Stedelike verval word
beveg en die stad word tot so 'n mate herontwikkel dat dit die oorspronklike aantrekkingskrag van
die stad herstel. Maar nie alle hernuwingstrategieë is gemik op die Sentrale Sakekern nie, sommige
word in 'n wyer konteks geloods, en fokus op areas van verval, vorige benadeelde en
gemarginaliseerde areas met as doelwit 'n meer interkonnektiewe stad. Hernuwingsprojekte word
steeds op 'n konstante basis geloods in stede soos Kaapstad, Durban en Johannesburg met die oog
op die belangrike herontwikkeling van kern areas in die stede. Dit is egter belangrik om in ag te
neem dat nie elke stedelike hernuwingsprojek 'n seker sukses is nie, soos die Wetton-Landsdowne
Phillipi Korridor Program. Binne die Kaapse Metropool en in die Sentrale Sakekern is kern areas
vir lang tye verontagsaam en toegelaat om te verval. Die onlangse pogings (1999 - 2002) wat
aangewend word deur die Kaapstad Munisipaliteit dui op 'n verbintenis van die organisasie se kant
aftot stedelike hernuwing. Die organisasie, deur middel van die Stedelike Hernuwingsprogram van
2002, is ook verbind tot areas wat voorheen deur Apartheidsbeleid benadeel en gemarginaliseer is.
Hierdie studie fokus op Kaapstad se benadering tot stedelike hernuwing in die Sentrale Sakekern en
ander spesifieke besigheidsnodusse. 'n Literêre oorsig het gehelp om die intellektuele
agtergrondmateriaal en logiese raamwerk van die studie te vorm. Sekondêre analise het die doel
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
van die studie bepaal en kwalitatiewe veldwerk het die ondersoek aangehelp deur observasie en
semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die studie sal nie probeer bewys dat elke hernuwingsprojek wat
deur die Kaapstad Munisipaliteit geloods word gemik is op die uitwis van stedelike probleme
geassosieer met die Apartheidsbeleid nie. Die evaluasie aan die einde van die studie poog om dit
uit te wys. Dit is belangrik om te beklemtoon dat elke verskillende area wat die potensiaal toon vir
herontwikkeling soos die Victoria en Alfred Waterfront of die Wetton-Landsdowne Phillipi
Korridor (die fokus van die studie) volg verskillende strategieë ten einde hul hernuwingsdoelwit te
bereik (ekonomiese ontwikkeling, sosiale fokus of omgewingsbeklemtoning). Die studie het wel
die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat van Kaapstad se stedelike hernuwingstrategieë tog ooreenstem met
herontwikkelingstrategieë in die res van die wêreld soos in Amerika en Brittanje. Die studie fokus
en poog ook om die rigting aan te dui vir toekomstige stedelike hernuwingstrategieë op grond van
'n evaluering van stedelike hernuwingsevolusie kriteria naamlik:
• Die hoofstrategie en rolspelers.
• Die ekonomiese fokus.
• Die sosiale inhoud en
• Die fisiese beklemtoning van hernuwingselemente.
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The criteria of project management success at Chevron's Cape Town refinery : a case studyMitchell, Zenith Moses 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Chevron Cape Town refinery was constructed in 1996 with a crude capacity of 100,000 barrels per day (bpd). The focus of the unit is production and meeting the nameplate market demand. The project environment for the refinery is that of maintenance and gradual upgrade. The majority of projects handled are small capital projects.
The aim of this research is to identify what the success criteria for project management should be for projects carried out within the small capital projects department of Chevron's Cape Town refinery.
An important distinction to make is that this study looks at project management success and not project success, although the aspects of project success will be discussed to highlight how closely related the two concepts are. Project success is not directly proportional to project management success and neither is project management success directly proportional to project success.
In the past decades, project management success was usually indicated by the project completion within the time, cost and performance constraints (Kerzner, 2004:29). This has now evolved to understanding all the objectives of the project. Project management can still be deemed successful even if it did not meet all the objectives of the project and vice versa, as long as there are mutual trade-offs agreed to by the developer (project manager) and the client.
White and Fortune (2002:1-11) conducted a survey to identify common criterion used for defining project management success. The three criteria identified for judging project success are completion on time, within the budget and to performance (specification).
Project management success has been found to be a very difficult topic to define. This research report shown that project management success needs to be moved beyond the iron-triangle to other criteria like safety and meeting the objectives of the client. What was evident was that criteria, factors, dimensions and measures are concepts widely used by researchers and it is hoped that these topics. A very interesting discovery during my first interview was that project management success comes in three phases or parts, which are pre-delivery, delivery and post-delivery.
What was evident from this research was that the criteria for project management success need to be established up front before the project gets to the delivery phase. There is no way that one can measure project management success when the success criteria one is looking for at the end of the project have not been established up front.
The case study is summarised using the diagram in chapter five showing the new project management success criteria that needs to be adopted by the refinery.
Future research into project management success criteria could include a survey which could go out the whole refinery and not just the representative sample who were interviewed for this report which could confirm the project management criteria found in this report. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Chevron Kaapstad raffinadery is in 1996 gestig met 'n ruolie kapasiteit van 100,000 vate per dag. Die fokus van die eenheid is produksie en om aan die marknavraag te voldoen. Die projekomgewing van die raffinadery is instandhouding en mettertydse opgradering van die raffinadery. Die meerderheid van projekte wat hanteer word is klein-kapitaalprojekte.
Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te identifiseer wat die sukseskriteria vir projekbestuur behoort te wees vir projekte wat binne die klein-kapitaaldepartement van Chevron se Kaapstad raffinadery behartig word.
'n Belangrike onderskeid om te maak is dat hierdie studie na projekbestuursukses kyk en die projeksukses nie, alhoewel die aspekte van projeksukses ook bespreek sal word om uit te lig hoe naby verwant die twee konsepte aan mekaar is. Projeksukses is nie direk proporsioneel tot projekbestuursukses nie en omgekeerd.
In die afgelope dekades was projekbestuursukses gewoonlik aangedui deur die afhandeling van die projek binne die tydsraamwerk, koste en prestasiebeperkinge (Kerzner, 2004:29). Hierdie konsep het intussen uitgebrei na 'n verstaan van al die doelwitte van die projek. Projekbestuur kan steeds as suksesvol beskou word al het dit nie aan al die doelwitte van die projek voldoen nie, en omgekeerd, solank as wat daar wedersydse toegewings deur beide die ontwikkelaar (projekbestuurder) en die kliënt gemaak word.
White en Fortune (2002:1-11) het 'n opname gemaak om die algemene kriteria te identifiseer wat gebruik word om projekbestuursukses te definieer. Die drie kriteria wat uitgewys is om 'n projek te evalueer, is afhandeling van die projek binne die tydsraamwerk, koste en prestasiebeperkinge.
Projekbestuursukes is 'n baie moeilike onderwerp om te definieer. Hierdie navorsingsverslag wys dat projekbestuursukses verby die “yster-driehoek” moet beweeg om ander kriteria soos veiligheid en die voldoening aan die kliënt se doelwitte, in te sluit. Wat duidelik na vore gekom het is dat kriteria, dimensies en metings konsepte is wat wyd deur navorsers gebruik word. 'n Baie interessante ontdekking gedurende die eerste onderhoud was dat projekbestuursukses in drie fases of dele voorkom, naamlik voor-lewering, lewering en na-lewering.
Wat duidelik uit die navorsing is, is dat die kriteria vir projekbestuursukses voor die aanvang van 'n projek vasgestel moet word, voordat die projek die afleweringsfase bereik. Daar is geen manier wat projekbestuursukes gemeet kan word wanneer die sukseskriteria wat aan die einde van 'n projek gesoek word, nie aan die begin vasgestel is nie.
Die gevallestudie word opgesom deur die diagram in hoofstuk vyf te gebruik wat die nuwe projekbestuursukseskriteria aandui wat deur die raffinadery aanvaar moet word.
Toekomstige navorsing in projekbestuursukseskriteria kan 'n opname insluit wat aan die hele raffinadery gestuur kan word en nie net die verteenwoordigende steekproef met wie daar vir hierdie verslag se doeleindes onderhoud gevoer is om die projekbestuurkriteria van hierdie verslag te bevestig nie.
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Destination attributes that attract international tourists to Cape TownZhou, Lichen January 2005 (has links)
This thesis identified Cape Town's important destination attributes. It also examined how and to what extent Cape Town's important destination attributes impact on international tourists decision on choosing Cape Town as their destination.
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Grammatical constraints and motivations for English/Afrikaans codeswitching: evidence from a local radio talk show.Bowers, Diane Lesley January 2006 (has links)
<p>The study investigated the practice of codeswitching within the Cape Flats speech community of Cape Town. Members of this speech community have always been exposed to both English and Afrikaans in formal as well as informal contexts. Due to constant exposure to both languages, as well as historical and political experiences, members of the speech community have come to utilize both languages within a single conversation and even within a single utterance. Codeswitching is an integral part of the community's speech behaviour. The main purpose of this research was to uncover and analyze the motivations behind codeswitching in the bilingual communities of Cape Town, while also providing a strong argument that codeswitching patterns evident in their speech do not always correspond completely with linguistic constraints that are regarded as 'universal'.</p>
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The state of entrepreneurship and its socio-economic impact in the Cape Metropole areaKabengele, Thony Muzembe January 2018 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Entrepreneurship is distinguished by its developmental and transformative qualities, particularly in the context of emerging economies. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in developing the economy of a country as the entrepreneur sparks economic activities through his/her entrepreneurial decisions. These entrepreneurial decisions lead to the creation of new business activities which in turn are a driving force in economic growth, creating jobs and enhancing fiscal credibility. However, the role of entrepreneurship in economic development varies from economy to economy and depends on the availability and accessibility of material resources, the industrial climate and the effectiveness of the political system underpinning the economy. In South Africa, there are major challenges that contribute to the unstable state of the economy. Retrenchments, the high failure rate of new businesses and the lack of growth in existing ones give credence to the summation that the South African economy is not expansively equipped to meet the challenges of a sustainable growth environment. A thriving entrepreneurial environment has significant benefits for job creation and the equitable distribution of economic wealth. In recent years, South African economists have been scrambling for solutions to the static economy that has seen a decline in new businesses of 34% from 2013 to 2014, resulting in continuing economic instability. Considering the trend highlighted above, the researcher was intrigued to examine the state of entrepreneurship and its socio-economic impact in the Cape Metropole Area. The researcher made use of a mixed-method research approach with an explanatory purpose, employing triangulation to achieve complementary results. The research invoked both interpretivist and positivist paradigms, though leaning towards the collection of qualitative data using semi-structured interviews and open-ended and closed questionnaires. The confidentiality of the information from respondents was ensured. The findings revealed that most entrepreneurs experience difficulty in accessing crucial entrepreneurial framework conditions, which hinders their activities. The findings also revealed that South Africa is at present not realising its job-creation potential and is therefore making little progress with unemployment and poverty reduction. In conclusion, entrepreneurs are essential to the economy and the society in any country regardless of its economic development. Their entrepreneurial decisions give hope to the growing number of unemployed people in South Africa. However, entrepreneurial activities are more fruitful in an environment that is condusive to buineess growth. Unless a favourable entrepreneurial environment is created, the entrepreneurial and labour classes will be incapable of realising their potential as a major engine for job creationand catalyst for economic growth. In South Africa, only a vigorous performance of the SMME sector and entrepreneurship, creating millions of sustainable jobs can stimulate economic growth and make it possible to reduce unemployment and for millions to escape the poverty trap. It is therefore recommended that the government and independent organisations work together to initiate programmes enabling existing and potential entrepreneurs to excel and initiate successful entrepreneurial activities. In general, there is a need for a macroeconomic environment that is friendly to labour-intensive investment, in order to generate spill-over growth effects, because entrepreneurs are more likely to invest productively, create jobs and contribute to poverty reduction.
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Destination attributes that attract international tourists to Cape TownZhou, Lichen January 2005 (has links)
This thesis identified Cape Town's important destination attributes. It also examined how and to what extent Cape Town's important destination attributes impact on international tourists decision on choosing Cape Town as their destination.
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Grammatical constraints and motivations for English/Afrikaans codeswitching: evidence from a local radio talk show.Bowers, Diane Lesley January 2006 (has links)
<p>The study investigated the practice of codeswitching within the Cape Flats speech community of Cape Town. Members of this speech community have always been exposed to both English and Afrikaans in formal as well as informal contexts. Due to constant exposure to both languages, as well as historical and political experiences, members of the speech community have come to utilize both languages within a single conversation and even within a single utterance. Codeswitching is an integral part of the community's speech behaviour. The main purpose of this research was to uncover and analyze the motivations behind codeswitching in the bilingual communities of Cape Town, while also providing a strong argument that codeswitching patterns evident in their speech do not always correspond completely with linguistic constraints that are regarded as 'universal'.</p>
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