A progressão da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) resulta no surgimento de múltiplas e variadas sinergias para compensar a fraqueza muscular e para lidar com as demandas de tarefas funcionais, como por exemplo, a marcha. Alguns instrumentos de avaliação funcional para pessoas com DMD permite a análise subjetiva (descrição) e objetiva (escore) sem levar em consideração os movimentos compensatórios. Por esta razão, os médicos e os fisioterapeutas enfrentam dificuldades na avaliação clínica e tomada de decisão. Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar o domínio marcha da Escala de Avaliação Funcional para DMD / Functional Evaluation Scale (FES-DMD-D4), testar sua confiabilidade intraexaminador e interexaminadores e sua relação com a idade, escala Vignos e tempo de desempenho da marcha. Uma amostra de 120 vídeos da marcha de 30 crianças com DMD foi analisada. Os movimentos detectados foram classificados considerando suas características cinesiológicos e padrões de compensações. FES-DMD-D4 foi criada e submetida à avaliação de 10 especialistas. Após a incorporação das sugestões propostas, a escala foi utilizada no total da amostra para avaliação por três examinadores. Foi calculada a confiabilidade intraexaminador e interexaminadores utilizando ICC. As relações entre o FES-DMD-D4 e a idade, a escala Vignos e o tempo de desempenho foram testadas com teste de correlação de Spearman (p < 0,05). A FES-DMD-D4 foi composta por três fases, e 14 itens. Coeficientes de correlação intraclasse variaram de aceitável (0,79) a excelente (0,98). A pontuação total da FES-DMD-D4 correlacionou-se com a idade e o tempo de desempenho, mas não com a escala Vignos / The progression of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) results in the emergence of multiple and varied synergies to compensate muscle weakness and to deal with the demands of functional tasks, such as gait. Few functional evaluation instruments for people with DMD allows for subjective analysis (description) and objective (score) without taking into account the compensatory movements. For this reason, clinicians and physiotherapists face difficulties in clinical assessment and decision-making. This study aimed to elaborate the gait domain of the Functional Evaluation Scale for DMD, gait domain (FES-DMD-D4) and to test its reliability intraexaminer and interexaminers and its relationship with age, Vignos score and timed motor performance. A sample of 120 gait videos of 30 children with DMD was analyzed. The detected movements were classified, considering the kinesiological characteristics of the compensation movements. FES-DMD-D4 was created and submitted to the review of 10 experts. After the incorporation of the suggestions proposed by the experts, the scale was used to analyse a total sample by 3 examiners. The reliability intraexaminer and interexaminers was calculated using ICC. The relationships between FES-DMD-D4 and age, Vignos score and timed motor performance was tested with Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). The FES-DMD-D4 was composed of 3 phases, and 14 items. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from acceptable (0.79) to excellent (0.98). The scores on FES-DMD-D4 correlated to age and timed motor performance, but not to Vignos score

Developing countries are increasing their adoption of information systems at the country level now. One important aspect distinguishing the implementation of information systems in developing countries from that in developed countries is that developing countries usually lack the resources and capability for training and support, and the workers need to learn to use the system from their own experience. Thus, a better understanding of the workers’ learning-by-doing after the implementation of an information system in developing countries may have important theoretical and practical implications, but empirical evidence on this issue remains limited. This dissertation seeks to fill in the gap by investigating workers’ learning-by-doing after the implementation of an information system at two levels. First, it studies how an individual customs agent’ experience preparing and submitting customs documents influences her performance in document preparation and submission tasks. Second, it also examines how an agent-inspector dyad’s experience working together affects the performance of customs inspection tasks completed through the cooperation of the dyad. The first chapter provides an overview of the dissertation. The second chapter examines how the relatedness of workers’ prior experience affects their learning-by-doing and operational performance in service work. Prior research has viewed relatedness along a single dimension. However, tasks and the underlying knowledge required for task performance can vary along multiple attributes. This chapter extends prior conceptualizations of relatedness by defining it as a multi-dimensional construct and also accounting for the level of task relatedness between different categories in each task dimension. It separates the level of workers’ experience from the relatedness of their experience, and then link the two constructs to workers’ task performance, including their efficiency and quality. Analyzing data on the processing of 998,258 import customs declarations in Costa Rica from 2006-2010, the second chapter finds that customs agents, the major workers processing the customs declarations, learn from their experience to improve their time to complete the task but not their quality of completion. Moreover, it finds that the relatedness of customs agents’ experience to their current task is positively related to the quality of task completion but has a U-shape relationship with completion time, such that the completion time first decreases with and then increases with an increase in customs agents' experience relatedness. The chapter also finds that the impact of customs agents’ experience relatedness is enhanced when the agents have more experience. Overall, the results highlight the role of experience relatedness in workers’ performance in learning-by-doing service work, and help to identify ways for managers to improve different operational performance measures. Many service tasks are completed by dyads rather than by an individual worker. In this setting, the individuals in the dyad not only need to acquire knowledge about the task, but also have to learn to work with each other. Thus, individuals’ experience working together may have significant performance implications for dyads. However, this effect remains largely unexamined, especially when there are conflicts within the dyad. In the third chapter, it theorizes how a dyad’s experience working together influences the dyad’s task performance, and label it as a learning-by-working-together effect. The chapter further proposes that the impact of dyad experience can vary across tasks with different levels of complexity, goal conflict, and combinations of the two. It examines learning-by-working-together in a setting where there is goal conflict, but the dyad must work together to complete the task: customs inspections. Based on a field study on data of 323,520 customs inspections in Costa Rica, the third chapter shows that the number of prior interactions between a customs agent and a customs inspector is positively associated with the agent-inspector dyad’s efficiency in customs inspection. In addition, it demonstrates that the impact of an agent-inspector dyad’s experience working together is greater for high-complexity tasks than for low-complexity tasks, and weaker for high-conflict tasks than for low-conflict tasks. It also shows that due to a joint effect of task complexity and task-level goal conflict, dyad experience exhibits the largest impact on the performance of high-complexity, high-conflict tasks. The chapter discusses the implications of our results for the study of learning curves and for the practice.

In the present study, the relationship between dispositional affectivity and job performance was investigated under the potential mediating effects of job satisfaction. The study was conducted in three phases. In Phase I, the scale development phase, an assistant evaluation form (AEF) was developed by collecting job analytic information from 35 Teaching Assistants (TAs) and critical incidents from 38 faculty members from a wide range of departments in Middle East Technical University (METU). In the second phase of the study, the pilot study, factor structure of the AEF was examined using principle component analyses. Pilot data were gathered from the faculty members working in different departments at METU. Results yielded two factors underlying the AEF. The first factor was named task performance, the second factor was named contextual performance. In the main study phase of the study, hypotheses were tested by gathering dispositional affectivity and job satisfaction data from 103 TAs, and performance evaluation data from 103 instructors whom the TAs had worked with during the previous semester. Results supported only the hypothesis stating that positive affectivity (PA) would predict job satisfaction. Results are discussed along with the limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-12T19:39:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPGR.pdf: 3189913 bytes, checksum: f21c15a497113ba51e22b0e750f8a8dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-18T20:26:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPGR.pdf: 3189913 bytes, checksum: f21c15a497113ba51e22b0e750f8a8dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-18T20:26:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPGR.pdf: 3189913 bytes, checksum: f21c15a497113ba51e22b0e750f8a8dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T17:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPGR.pdf: 3189913 bytes, checksum: f21c15a497113ba51e22b0e750f8a8dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / The frailty syndrome has been described as an important geriatric syndrome by being associated with an increased risk of functional decline, falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and death. In addition, some studies have found an association with cognitive decline and low level of physical activity. The study aims were (a) to verify the influence of frailty syndrome, level of physical activity and cognition on Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Timed Up and Go associated with dual task (TUG-DT) performances; and (b) to compare TUG and TUG-DT performances between older adults who developed frailty syndrome. Sixty-four individuals were divided into frail, pre-frail and non-frail groups. The assessment consisted of cognition (ACE-R), physical activity level (triaxial accelerometer), isolated secondary task, TUG and TUG-DT. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA or Chi-square tests were used to compare groups. Multiple linear regression to identify variables that could predict the time performance in TUG and TUG-DT, and, ANCOVA to compare the three groups. Regarding the characteristics of the sample, the groups presented homogeneous, except gender, which showed more women in the pre-frail group. Significant differences in daily physical activity level were found in the frail group for energy expenditure, time sitting/lying, time standing, time stepping and step count variables. There were no differences in ACE-R total score, however, there was difference between the frail group and non-frail just in attention and orientation domain. The isolated secondary task was influenced cognition during its realization, but there were no differences between groups. TUG performance was not influenced by age, physical activity level or frailty, however, frail group differed from non-frail group in time and number of steps. Regarding the performance of the elderly in TUG-DT, cognition and age influenced the time of completion and number of steps, respectively, however, no differences were found between groups. The results show that the performance of the TUG is influenced by the presence of the frailty syndrome, age and of physical activity level and the performance of the TUG-DT is influenced by age and cognition. / A síndrome da fragilidade tem sido descrita como uma importante síndrome geriátrica por estar associada ao aumento do risco de declínio funcional, quedas, institucionalização e morte. Além disso, alguns estudos têm verificado uma associação com declínio cognitivo e baixo nível de atividade física. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: (a) verificar a influência da síndrome da fragilidade, nível de atividade física e cognição no desempenho dos testes Timed Up and Go (TUG) e Timed Up and Go associado à dupla tarefa (TUG-DT) e (b) comparar o desempenho de idosos que cursam a síndrome da fragilidade em ambos os testes. Sessenta e quatro idosos foram divididos em grupos frágil, pré-frágil e não frágil. Foram avaliados: cognição (ACE-R), nível de atividade física (acelerômetro triaxial), tarefa secundária isolada, TUG e TUG-DT. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se ANOVA one way e Qui-quadrado para comparação dos grupos. Regressão linear múltipla para identificar as variáveis preditoras dos tempos de realização do TUG e TUG-DT e ANCOVA para comparar os três grupos. Com relação às características da amostra, os grupos apresentaram-se homogêneos, exceto a variável sexo, com mais mulheres no grupo pré-frágil. Diferenças significativas no nível de atividade física diário foram encontradas no grupo frágil para as variáveis gasto energético, tempo em repouso, tempo em ortostase, tempo caminhando e contagem de passos. Não foram encontradas diferenças na pontuação total do ACE-R, verificou-se diferença entre o grupo frágil e não frágil apenas no domínio atenção e orientação. A tarefa secundária isolada sofreu influência da cognição durante a sua realização, porém não houve diferenças entre os grupos. O desempenho no TUG não foi influenciado pelas covariáveis idade, nível de atividade física e fragilidade, de modo que, o grupo frágil diferiu do grupo não frágil no tempo de realização do teste e número de passos. Com relação ao desempenho dos idosos no TUG-DT, a cognição e idade influenciaram no tempo de realização e número de passos, respectivamente, porém, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos. Os resultados permitem concluir que o desempenho do TUG é influenciado pela presença da síndrome da fragilidade, idade e nível de atividade física e o desempenho do TUG-DT é influenciado pela idade e cognição. / CNPq: 131468/2015-4.

A progressão da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) resulta no surgimento de múltiplas e variadas sinergias para compensar a fraqueza muscular e para lidar com as demandas de tarefas funcionais, como por exemplo, a marcha. Alguns instrumentos de avaliação funcional para pessoas com DMD permite a análise subjetiva (descrição) e objetiva (escore) sem levar em consideração os movimentos compensatórios. Por esta razão, os médicos e os fisioterapeutas enfrentam dificuldades na avaliação clínica e tomada de decisão. Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar o domínio marcha da Escala de Avaliação Funcional para DMD / Functional Evaluation Scale (FES-DMD-D4), testar sua confiabilidade intraexaminador e interexaminadores e sua relação com a idade, escala Vignos e tempo de desempenho da marcha. Uma amostra de 120 vídeos da marcha de 30 crianças com DMD foi analisada. Os movimentos detectados foram classificados considerando suas características cinesiológicos e padrões de compensações. FES-DMD-D4 foi criada e submetida à avaliação de 10 especialistas. Após a incorporação das sugestões propostas, a escala foi utilizada no total da amostra para avaliação por três examinadores. Foi calculada a confiabilidade intraexaminador e interexaminadores utilizando ICC. As relações entre o FES-DMD-D4 e a idade, a escala Vignos e o tempo de desempenho foram testadas com teste de correlação de Spearman (p < 0,05). A FES-DMD-D4 foi composta por três fases, e 14 itens. Coeficientes de correlação intraclasse variaram de aceitável (0,79) a excelente (0,98). A pontuação total da FES-DMD-D4 correlacionou-se com a idade e o tempo de desempenho, mas não com a escala Vignos / The progression of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) results in the emergence of multiple and varied synergies to compensate muscle weakness and to deal with the demands of functional tasks, such as gait. Few functional evaluation instruments for people with DMD allows for subjective analysis (description) and objective (score) without taking into account the compensatory movements. For this reason, clinicians and physiotherapists face difficulties in clinical assessment and decision-making. This study aimed to elaborate the gait domain of the Functional Evaluation Scale for DMD, gait domain (FES-DMD-D4) and to test its reliability intraexaminer and interexaminers and its relationship with age, Vignos score and timed motor performance. A sample of 120 gait videos of 30 children with DMD was analyzed. The detected movements were classified, considering the kinesiological characteristics of the compensation movements. FES-DMD-D4 was created and submitted to the review of 10 experts. After the incorporation of the suggestions proposed by the experts, the scale was used to analyse a total sample by 3 examiners. The reliability intraexaminer and interexaminers was calculated using ICC. The relationships between FES-DMD-D4 and age, Vignos score and timed motor performance was tested with Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). The FES-DMD-D4 was composed of 3 phases, and 14 items. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from acceptable (0.79) to excellent (0.98). The scores on FES-DMD-D4 correlated to age and timed motor performance, but not to Vignos score

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver um dispositivo apontador, com as mesmas funções de um mouse, controlado pelo movimento da cabeça, e comparar a eficiência do dispositivo proposto, utilizando o controle do cursor do computador no modo absoluto e relativo (joystick), operado por dez indivíduos tetraplégicos e por dez indivíduos sem acometimento neuromuscular. A maioria dos parâmetros estudados apresentou diferença significativa, entre as situações de controle absoluto e relativo, para os indivíduos de ambos os grupos, evidenciando que os parâmetros medidos no modo absoluto foram melhores que os medidos no modo relativo. O dispositivo apontador emula adequadamente as funções de deslocamento do cursor, mostrando que o modo de controle absoluto é mais eficiente que o modo de controle relativo / The objectives of this study were to develop a head controlled pointer device with mouse functions and compare its performance when operated in absolute versus relative (joystick like) modes by ten quadriplegic subjects and ten people without neuromuscular impairment. The device was composed of a video camera, a computer program and a reflective paper target attached to a cap which was then placed on the user´s head. Most of the measured parameters revealed a significant difference between the control modes, favouring the absolute one, for both studied groups. The developed head pointer adequately emulates the computer cursor displacement, with the absolute control mode being functionally more efficient than the relative control mode in this study.