<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att sammanställa vad Open Source är och försöka kartlägga hur användningen av Open Source-program ser ut på de svenska folkbiblioteken.Jag tittar även på vilka Open Source-program som kan vara aktuella för ett bibliotek att titta närmare på. Resultatet visar att Open Source inte används i någon större utsträckning men att man är positivt inställd till rörelsen. Några få program har börjat användas men man är orolig för hur supporten fungerar för Open Source-program, sen verkar biblioteken inte ha någon större kontroll över vilka program som faktiskt används utan är styrda av de regler som kommunens IT-avdelning har satt upp.</p>

<p>Uppsatsen handlar om konsumenter som producerar produkter som sprids och konsumeras av andra konsumenter. Fenomenet kallas i denna uppsats för konsumentproduktion och jag har inte hittat bra litteratur om ämnet. Dagens allmänt citerade marknadsföringslitteratur som studerats i denna undersökning nämner inte konsumentproduktion som sprids till andra konsumenter. Den litteratur om Open Source som studerats nämner konsumentproduktion, men terminologin för konsumentproduktion är oklar och fokus sätts aldrig på ämnet. Litteraturen i motsats till denna uppsats nämner dessutom bara en mycket speciell och extremare variant av konsumentproduktion som produceras av högt kompetenta programmerare; istället för att som i denna uppsats ge bilden av att även andra konsumenter med andra eller ingen kompetens alls utför konsumentproduktion. Litteratur om Open Source visar dessutom mest exempel på konsumentproduktion där det är konsumenter som tar initiativet och startar produktionen av produkter. Denna uppsats ger många exempel på konsumentproduktion där tvärtom företag först startar produktionen av produkten medan konsumenter sedan utvecklar den. Förhoppningen är att denna uppsats ger läsaren en mer strukturerad syn av detta fenomen än studerad litteratur.</p><p>Förutom termen konsumentproduktion har en modell med tre nya termer för olika typer av produkter skapats i uppsatsen för att lättare kunna ta till sig innebörden av konsumentproduktion. Termerna är huvudprodukt, verktygsprodukt och modifieringskomponent. Uppsatsens modell har fungerat bra då man vill beskriva konsumenternas relation med företag och produkterna under själva produktionen och att denna mycket väl kan användas i exempelvis dagens litteratur inom marknadsföring om man vill beskriva konsumentproduktion.</p>

Uppsatsen handlar om konsumenter som producerar produkter som sprids och konsumeras av andra konsumenter. Fenomenet kallas i denna uppsats för konsumentproduktion och jag har inte hittat bra litteratur om ämnet. Dagens allmänt citerade marknadsföringslitteratur som studerats i denna undersökning nämner inte konsumentproduktion som sprids till andra konsumenter. Den litteratur om Open Source som studerats nämner konsumentproduktion, men terminologin för konsumentproduktion är oklar och fokus sätts aldrig på ämnet. Litteraturen i motsats till denna uppsats nämner dessutom bara en mycket speciell och extremare variant av konsumentproduktion som produceras av högt kompetenta programmerare; istället för att som i denna uppsats ge bilden av att även andra konsumenter med andra eller ingen kompetens alls utför konsumentproduktion. Litteratur om Open Source visar dessutom mest exempel på konsumentproduktion där det är konsumenter som tar initiativet och startar produktionen av produkter. Denna uppsats ger många exempel på konsumentproduktion där tvärtom företag först startar produktionen av produkten medan konsumenter sedan utvecklar den. Förhoppningen är att denna uppsats ger läsaren en mer strukturerad syn av detta fenomen än studerad litteratur. Förutom termen konsumentproduktion har en modell med tre nya termer för olika typer av produkter skapats i uppsatsen för att lättare kunna ta till sig innebörden av konsumentproduktion. Termerna är huvudprodukt, verktygsprodukt och modifieringskomponent. Uppsatsens modell har fungerat bra då man vill beskriva konsumenternas relation med företag och produkterna under själva produktionen och att denna mycket väl kan användas i exempelvis dagens litteratur inom marknadsföring om man vill beskriva konsumentproduktion.

The freedom to operate (FTO) and the costs of acquiring and protecting intellectual property (IP) has become a major concern among both private and public plant breeders, especially in the IP intensive transgenic crops. Despite the developments in biotechnology, crop breeding still remains a sequential process where the best new varieties build on the successful varieties of the past. Given this breeding process, if FTO reduces the ability of breeders to access the best germplasm this could slow the rate of global crop improvement in both transgenic and non-transgenic crops. This potential problem has led many agricultural science leaders to raise concern about the possibility of an anti-commons developing because of growing freedom to operate issues.<p>One of the solutions that is proposed for the growing FTO issue in plant breeding is the development of open source research platforms similar to those that led to the development of the Linux computer operating system. With an open source research process anyone is able to use the research platform to develop commercial products but any improvements made to the research platform become part of the platform for future users. The proponents of this approach, such as CAMBIA, argue that it will maintain access to critical intellectual property and allow optimal sharing of knowledge to take place.<p>In this paper we examine the intellectual property rights associated with crop germplasm and varieties in Canada. We show that the breeder rights that are built into many current systems of breeder rights systems create a de facto open source system. This system allows breeders to use previously released varieties as breeding material for their own breeding programs allowing them to improve their own germplasm base. Once this is done, and a new variety is released from the program, it then becomes available for other breeders to use in the same manner. Few would argue that this system has not had a long history of success.<p>As a counterfactual we consider the case where provisions of the UPOV 1991 act are used to give plant breeders the rights to not only protect their current varieties from being illegally copied but would also give them claim over any future varieties developed that use their variety as breeding material. In the factual, a three stage model has two public sector breeders seeking to maximize the benefits of their varieties over a heterogeneous group of iii farmers. In the first stage of the model the breeders decide the optimum amount of germplasm to share between each other. The second stage of the model requires the breeders to decide the optimal level of yield it should set as a plant breeding target. In the final stage farmers make an adoption choice basing their decision on the variety that best suits their farm. Backward induction is then used to solve both of the models. Applying the results of this simulation to the wheat plant breeding system in western Canada, shows that such a revised breeders rights system would quickly lead to a large number of potential owners for each variety released, which would then increase transactions costs and eventually lead to an anti-commons or FTO issue. In the case where there are no intellectual property rights on varieties breeders are able to produce a variety that more farmers will adopt because breeders costs will be lower due to germplasm sharing. Once intellectual property rights are introduced into the system, breeders choose to reduce the amount of variety sharing, which then reduces the number of farmers who would adopt the new variety, thus decreasing the benefits for farmers. Given this outcome, jurisdictions that implement the provisions of UPOV 1991 which may hinder FTO, may find benefits from developing other legal measures to maintain an open source type access to germplasm.

Rick Danielson describes his early involvement in course management software, from bringing WebCT to Laurentian in 1998, to leading the formation of a purchasing consortium for WebCT in 41 Ontario institutions, to his decision to move his personal course management software to Moodle - an open source alternative.

Embedded system plays an important role in various industry applications. An embedded system is consisting of software and hardware. The hardware platform of conventional embedded system is typically based on IC chips that have fixed resources. Besides, with the development of FPGA, an emerging approach for designing embedded system is implementing soft IP cores on FPGAs. Soft IP cores are synthesizable hardware blocks described in HDL language. Their source code can be either open or close to public. For example, OpenRISC 1200, is an open source 32-bit RISC microprocessor. In addition, the increasing complexity of embedded system forces software developers to consider operating system support to reduce their workload. Thus, in this thesis, a prototype of open source IP based embedded system with Linux is implemented on Atlys (Xilinx Spartan-6) FPGA board and the goal is to evaluate if the system is appropriate for industrial applications. The hardware platform is ORPSOC, which is a reference SoC design based on OpenRISC 1200 processor. For software, Linux operating system is installed. Furthermore, an application executes on Linux is developed that reads the output of an I2C compass sensor-LSM303DLM. With the success of the application and the investigation of license issues, the conclusion is drawn that open source IP based embedded system with Linux is usable for industry. Although comparing to conventional embedded system, the open source IP based embedded system with Linux has following cons, such as high product cost, basic-supported development environment and more difficult software development if Linux driver doesn’t support the hardware. However, its pros are high flexibility and scalability, high software portability, low software development difficulty and high reusability that make it more suitable for industry usage.

The freedom to operate (FTO) and the costs of acquiring and protecting intellectual property (IP) has become a major concern among both private and public plant breeders, especially in the IP intensive transgenic crops. Despite the developments in biotechnology, crop breeding still remains a sequential process where the best new varieties build on the successful varieties of the past. Given this breeding process, if FTO reduces the ability of breeders to access the best germplasm this could slow the rate of global crop improvement in both transgenic and non-transgenic crops. This potential problem has led many agricultural science leaders to raise concern about the possibility of an anti-commons developing because of growing freedom to operate issues.<p>One of the solutions that is proposed for the growing FTO issue in plant breeding is the development of open source research platforms similar to those that led to the development of the Linux computer operating system. With an open source research process anyone is able to use the research platform to develop commercial products but any improvements made to the research platform become part of the platform for future users. The proponents of this approach, such as CAMBIA, argue that it will maintain access to critical intellectual property and allow optimal sharing of knowledge to take place.<p>In this paper we examine the intellectual property rights associated with crop germplasm and varieties in Canada. We show that the breeder rights that are built into many current systems of breeder rights systems create a de facto open source system. This system allows breeders to use previously released varieties as breeding material for their own breeding programs allowing them to improve their own germplasm base. Once this is done, and a new variety is released from the program, it then becomes available for other breeders to use in the same manner. Few would argue that this system has not had a long history of success.<p>As a counterfactual we consider the case where provisions of the UPOV 1991 act are used to give plant breeders the rights to not only protect their current varieties from being illegally copied but would also give them claim over any future varieties developed that use their variety as breeding material. In the factual, a three stage model has two public sector breeders seeking to maximize the benefits of their varieties over a heterogeneous group of iii farmers. In the first stage of the model the breeders decide the optimum amount of germplasm to share between each other. The second stage of the model requires the breeders to decide the optimal level of yield it should set as a plant breeding target. In the final stage farmers make an adoption choice basing their decision on the variety that best suits their farm. Backward induction is then used to solve both of the models. Applying the results of this simulation to the wheat plant breeding system in western Canada, shows that such a revised breeders rights system would quickly lead to a large number of potential owners for each variety released, which would then increase transactions costs and eventually lead to an anti-commons or FTO issue. In the case where there are no intellectual property rights on varieties breeders are able to produce a variety that more farmers will adopt because breeders costs will be lower due to germplasm sharing. Once intellectual property rights are introduced into the system, breeders choose to reduce the amount of variety sharing, which then reduces the number of farmers who would adopt the new variety, thus decreasing the benefits for farmers. Given this outcome, jurisdictions that implement the provisions of UPOV 1991 which may hinder FTO, may find benefits from developing other legal measures to maintain an open source type access to germplasm.

The well-known software company, Google,announced a new handset platform named Android on 5 November 2007, which makes a dramatic impact on the mobile platform market. Later, Open Handset Alliance (OHA) continues to develop Android platform, and to date, the mobile development platform has become the most popular one. However, how to save the power and extend the waiting time are important issues to both academic and industrial communities. Currently, there are few intelligent programs developed to save the power at the Android Market, and these programs are usually short of some functions. Moreover,the Android SDK provides no setting functions to adjust the CPU state. So this paper studies and develops several kernel programs. The targets of our programs are to not only monitor common-use programs on the background, but also dynamically adjust the CPU frequency on the platform according to application programs on executing.Several interfaces are provided such that users can manually adjust the mode and frequency of CPU, view the statistic information, and so on. Furthermore, we also collect many settings of saving the power into our program, which makes users straightforward and easy to manipulate.

Open Source Software (OSS) is widely used and is becoming a significant and irreplaceable part of the software engineering community. Today a huge number of OSS exist. This becomes a problem if one needs to choose from such a large pool of OSS candidates in the same category. An OSS maturity model that facilitates the software assessment and helps users to make a decision is needed. A few maturity models have been proposed in the past. However, the parameters in the model are assigned not based on experimental data but on human experiences, feelings and judgments. These models are subjective and can provide only limited guidance for the users at the best. This dissertation has proposed a quantitative and objective model which is built from the statistical perspective. In this model, seven metrics are chosen as criteria for OSS evaluation. A linear multiple-regression model is created to assign a final score based on these seven metrics. This final score provides a convenient and objective way for the users to make a decision. The coefficients in the linear multiple-regression model are calculated from 43 OSS. From the statistical perspective, these coefficients are considered random variables. The joint distribution of the coefficients is discussed based on Bayesian statistics. More importantly, an updating rule is established through Bayesian analysis to improve the joint distribution, and thus the objectivity of the coefficients in the linear multiple-regression model, according to new incoming data. The updating rule provides the model the ability to learn and improve itself continually.

When Taiwan's software industry faces difficult environment, in cases of this study explore the company uses open-source marketing strategy to enter the global market and explore the motivation of members joining collaborative software project and collaborative mechanism .The conclusion will provide the internal software industry for reference¡D The most important success factor of open-source software is great product charm.Base on this factor and use word-of-mouth effect to get large number users of downloading software freely in the short time.If a user applies the dual-license of the software, he will contribute benefit. The motivation of creator joining this project is cause of Taiwan¡¦s software market is too small, so need to enter global market to make money, in this reason use open-source marketing strategy to enter global market and learn from world-class talent by exchanging view to achieve their goal. About developer¡¦s motivation is cause of the culture of this company invites developers joining this project is their motivation.About the motivation of user joining this project is cause of the requirement drive user to find AJAX solution in SourceForge.Net webside and finded ZK project ranked first in the category of AJAX. The personal developer evolve from user and the motivation is cause of they feel identification from ZK project and wish ZK product can become better and better. The open-source project is collectting public power to finish a product and it is more complex then open-ended project,so have a good platform will achieve multiplier effect.Manager in the system level considerations is simple and flexible.Product development is divided into core and non-core.The core is developed by senior engineer with experience, non-core is developed by general engineer. If the external personal¡¦s programs will be integrated into products, Copyright must be gived up. Otherwise, these can also be used plus-in way into products.The platform has making full use of the Internet community concept to design forums and issue tracking system.If users have any questions, ideas in the product, they can use the forume to discuss, express their views or ask questions.