The advent of industry 4.0 has not only brought innovation and automation with it but also new challenges. Automation in industrial settings is advancing at a rapid pace, thus making the modern industrial workplace all the more stimulating. Highly automated robots and machines work alongside humans in settings that seemed fictional some years ago. However, the shift to a smart industry has brought about certain safety concerns regarding whether the current safety systems can keep up with this ever-changing environment. Emergency stop buttons have long been the industry standard when it comes to classic safety precautions. Nevertheless, researchers examine several possibilities on how they can upgrade the already established safety systems. One such practice is to incorporate visibility as part of an emergency safety system. There has already been a proposal to use 2D visibility as an emergency safety protocol which has shown encouraging results. Thus, making a 3D approach as the logical next step. In this thesis work, a 3D visibility emergency stop system is presented, implemented,and tested. To begin with, a small review of how other researchers have tried to solve similar problems is done. Furthermore, several 3D graphics techniques used in the project are introduced and briefly analysed. Then, the implementation of the project is presented, breaking down each component. After the implementation is completed, several tests that aim to profile the program are performed and examined. In addition, the project is compared to the 2D solution that has already been proposed. The findings from the testing show that a 3D visibility approach is a viable and favourable option. The results reveal a promising outcome when it comes to object visibility as well as response swiftness.

This Master's Project deals with creation of virtual Splint (Orthopedic plate) model and with placement of virtual Splint model onto 3D Bone model. It handles with creating of interpolation curves in 3D (especially Subdivision method) and motion along a curve. This work is only in Czech.

This thesis demonstrates advanced techniques using OpenGL. The work is conceived as a demo without any size restrictions. It focuses on creating 3D world, which consists of inner rooms complex. Some additional interesting objects, lighting and shadows enrich the rooms. Particle systems, which were used to create explosions, smokes and some other particle effects are described in the thesis, too. 3D machine models fight between themselves using laser beams and form the story of the demo. Important part of the work is a movement model which is applied to both models and avatar. Sound track completes the demo.

Clouds are ubiquitous and ever-changing feature of the outdoors. They are an integral factor in Earth's weather systems. Component of water circulation in a nature and a strong indicator of weather patterns and changes. Clouds are important component of the visual simulation of any outdoor scene, but the complexity of cloud formation, dynamics, and light interaction makes cloud simulation and rendering difficult in real time. In an interactive flight simulation, users would like to fly in and around realistic, volumetric clouds. I Present, two main ways of representation cloud in computer graphic, where one way use for modelling Perlin noise and second one use for modelling fluid dynamic system.

La Industria 4.0 ha permitido la explotación de los avances tecnológicos recientes, integrando todos los elementos de fabricación y sistemas de hibridación del mundo físico. Para ello incorpora habilitadores digitales como la robótica colaborativa, impresión 3D o el Internet de las Cosas entre otros. En los sectores industriales, esto ha favorecido la mejora de la eficiencia de sus procesos, la reducción de los costes de fabricación y del impacto medioambiental. También ayudan a una fabricación más flexible, facilitando la adaptación a los nuevos requerimientos del mercado. Este hecho, es especialmente relevante en industrias dinámicas y manufactureras como el sector del calzado. A pesar del carácter tradicional y manufacturero de la industria del calzado, cada vez está más extendido el uso de la tecnología en sus procesos. Concretamente, la tecnología CAD se aplica desde hace años en la industria del calzado, sobre todo para procesos de diseño y producción. Esto ha permitido un avance significativo en la automatización de procesos de fabricación, por ejemplo, con el uso de las máquinas de corte automático. Hoy en día, con la evolución de la tecnología y, en concreto, con la de los entornos 3D para la representación de geometría CAD, ya es posible visualizar un modelo virtual del producto con un alto nivel de realismo. La investigación industrial realizada en INESCOP está centrada en necesidades concretas detectadas en la industria. INESCOP tiene un conocimiento profundo del sector del calzado y mantiene una estrecha relación con las empresas que lo forman. Gracias a esto, es posible conocer de primera mano las necesidades de la industria, trabajar en soluciones que ayuden a la flexibilidad de la producción, el ahorro de tiempos y costes en el desarrollo de los productos, pero que requieran de una inversión lo más reducida posible y adaptable a la particularidad de los procesos y productos del sector. Soluciones que aporten un valor añadido en los procesos de la empresa y les ayude a su mejora competitiva. Bajo este marco de innovación y tecnología, se ha llevado a cabo la investigación industrial en la que se ha trabajado en el desarrollo de un modelo computacional para la representación virtual de geometrías 3D de calzado compatible con entornos de base tecnológica diferente. El modelo propuesto adapta las diferentes características de los entornos OpenGL y WebGL y hace posible una visualización idéntica de una escena CAD 3D, además basándose en una potente metodología que consigue imitar con un alto nivel de realismo el comportamiento de la luz, brillos y sombras del mundo físico (técnica PBR, Physically Based Rendedering). Ahondando en la representación óptima y optimizada de geometría CAD en estos entornos tridimensionales, también se ha trabajado en la mejora y optimización de la información geométrica de los modelos CAD que se utilizan en estos entornos de representación. Para ello, en la presente tesis se expone la implementación y prueba de los principales métodos de remallado quad y su validez para la aplicación en el calzado. Con el fin de facilitar el uso de estas geometrías en operaciones de diseño y modelado, y para conseguir la optimización y organización de la información que permita la explotación de los entornos de bajas prestaciones. Además, se resuelve una de las deficiencias que presentan estos métodos de remallado quad, que es la pérdida de información inherente a la geometría, como por ejemplo las coordenadas de textura. Esta información es primordial para la representación virtual del modelo CAD y para su utilización en posteriores procesos industriales.

Nesta dissertação é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para o processamento de pares de imagens estereoscópicas obtidos por câmeras aéreas métricas e não métricas. O programa foi desenvolvido na linguagem C++ e foi utilizado a biblioteca OpenGL. O resultado obtido é uma imagem tridimensional de onde pode ser extraídas cotas de altura e formas de terreno. Estas imagens poderão ser usadas no estudo de áreas de risco em encostas. / In this dissertation is presented the development of a computational tool for the processing of pairs of images estereoscópicas obtained by metric and not metric aerial cameras. The program was developed in the program language C++ and the library was used OpenGL. The result of the program is a three-dimensional image from where it can be extracted height quotas and land forms. These images can be used in the study of risk areas on slopes.

Nesta dissertação é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para o processamento de pares de imagens estereoscópicas obtidos por câmeras aéreas métricas e não métricas. O programa foi desenvolvido na linguagem C++ e foi utilizado a biblioteca OpenGL. O resultado obtido é uma imagem tridimensional de onde pode ser extraídas cotas de altura e formas de terreno. Estas imagens poderão ser usadas no estudo de áreas de risco em encostas. / In this dissertation is presented the development of a computational tool for the processing of pairs of images estereoscópicas obtained by metric and not metric aerial cameras. The program was developed in the program language C++ and the library was used OpenGL. The result of the program is a three-dimensional image from where it can be extracted height quotas and land forms. These images can be used in the study of risk areas on slopes.

The evolution of depth‐perception visualization technologies, emerging format standardization work and research within the field of multi‐view 3D video and imagery addresses the need for flexible 3D video visualization. The wide variety of available 3D‐display types and visualization techniques for multi‐view video, as well as the high throughput requirements for high definition video, addresses the need for a real‐time 3D video playback solution that takes advantage of hardware accelerated graphics, while providing a high degree of flexibility through format configuration and cross‐platform interoperability. A modular component based software solution based on FFmpeg for video demultiplexing and video decoding is proposed,using OpenGL and GLUT for hardware accelerated graphics and POSIX threads for increased CPU utilization. The solution has been verified to have sufficient throughput in order to display 1080p video at the native video frame rate on the experimental system, which is considered as a standard high‐end desktop PC only using commercial hardware. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution a number of throughput evaluation metrics have been introduced measuring average frame rate as a function of: video bit rate, video resolution and number of views. The results obtained have indicated that the GPU constitutes the primary bottleneck in a multi‐view lenticular rendering system and that multi‐view rendering performance is degraded as the number of views is increased. This is a result of the current GPU square matrix texture cache architectures, resulting in texture lookup access times according to random memory access patterns when the number of views is high. The proposed solution has been identified in order to provide low CPU efficiency, i.e. low CPU hardware utilization and it is recommended to increase performance by investigating the gains of scalable multithreading techniques. It is also recommended to investigate the gains of introducing video frame buffering in video memory or to move more calculations to the CPU in order to increase GPU performance.

This thesis discusses two different methods for creating soft shadows. Shadow volumes and shadow mapping, more accurately Variance Soft Shadow Mapping. It presents theory for these shadow algorithms as well as theory for few others which are necessary for understanding. Further it describes how to implement these methods and evaluates these implementations. Shadow volumes are based on creating additional geometry to the scene which serves for specifying region of penumbra. VSSM algorithm is a improved version of classic shadow mapping.

<p>The progression of technical development has yielded practicable camera systems for the acquisition of so called depth maps, images with depth information. </p><p>Images and movies with depth information open the door for new types of applications in the area of computer graphics and vision. That implies that they will need to be processed in all increasing volumes.</p><p>Increased depth image processing puts forth the demand for a standardized data format for the exchange of image data with depth information, both still and animated. Software to convert acquired depth data to such videoformats is highly necessary. </p><p>This diploma thesis sheds light on many of the issues that come with this new task group. It spans from data acquisition over readily available software for the data encoding to possible future applications. </p><p>Further, a software architecture fulfilling all of the mentioned demands is presented. </p><p>The encoder is comprised of a collection of UNIX programs that generate MPEG Z/Alpha, an MPEG2 based video format. MPEG Z/Alpha contains beside MPEG2's standard data streams one extra data stream to store image depth information (and transparency). </p><p>The decoder suite, called TexMPEG, is a C library for the in-memory decompression of MPEG Z/Alpha. Much effort has been put into video decoder parallelization, and TexMPEG is now capable of decoding multiple video streams, not only in parallel internally, but also with inherent frame synchronization between parallely decoded MPEG videos.</p>