No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Depuis plusieurs années, la représentation des instances de brutalité policière dans les médias modernes suscite l'émoi. Ces événements, qui montrent la police sous ses pires angles et exposent au grand jour les lacunes de l'institution policière, se sont récemment multipliés à travers le monde. Le Canada ne se soustrait pas à cette tangente. Certains diraient que le Canada n'est plus le « paisible royaume » qu'il a déjà été, s'il l'a déjà été. Au pays, les actions des corps policiers entourant les morts de Fredy Villanueva et de Chantal Moore, ainsi que les manifestations du sommet du G20 à Toronto en 2010 et celles de 2012 au Québec sont encore fraîches dans les mémoires des Canadiens. Il n'est donc pas étonnant que les événements récents survenus lors des manifestations contre le racisme aux États-Unis aient rouvert des plaies jusqu'au Canada et attiré l'attention du reste du monde. La relation avec la police et les perceptions du public face à celle-ci sont cruciales dans une société démocratique telle que celle du Canada. Malgré cela, la formation des attitudes quant à la police au Canada - et plus précisément la confiance et la méfiance - reste sous-étudiée. C'est dans cette optique que le présent mémoire s'est intéressé aux déterminants et aux raisons de la confiance et de la méfiance envers la police au Canada. Les résultats des analyses réalisées montrent que la confiance envers la police au Canada peut s'expliquer principalement en termes institutionnels et, dans une moindre mesure, en termes psychosociaux et structurels. Les résultats des analyses subséquentes montrent qu'il existe présentement six profils-types de méfiance envers la police au Canada, et que l'appartenance à un de ces types peut s'expliquer au moins partiellement par des facteurs sociodémographiques. Ce mémoire contribue d'abord à mettre à jour la littérature sur l'opinion publique et la confiance envers la police, puis à la bonifier. Il représente une première étude s'intéressant de manière aussi complète à la confiance envers la police dans le contexte canadien. / For several years now, the depiction of instances of police brutality in modern media has caused a stir. These events, which show the police from their worst angles and expose the shortcomings of the police institution, have recently multiplied throughout the world. Canada is not escaping this tangent. Some would say that Canada is no longer the "peaceful kingdom" it once was, if it ever was. At home, the actions of police forces in the deaths of Fredy Villanueva and Chantal Moore, as well as the demonstrations of the G20 summit in Toronto in 2010 and those of 2012 in Quebec are still fresh in the memories of Canadians. It is therefore not surprising that the recent events during the anti-racism demonstrations in the United States have reopened wounds in Canada and are attracting also the attention of the rest of the world. The relationship with the police and the public's perceptions of the institution are crucial in a democratic society such as Canada's. Despite this, the formation of attitudes about the police in Canada - and more specifically confidence and misconfidence - remains understudied. It is with this in mind that this thesis examines the determinants and reasons for confidence and misconfidence of the police in Canada. The results of the analyzes demonstrate that confidence in the police in Canada can be explained mainly in institutional terms and, to a lesser extent, in psychosocial and capable terms. The results of the subsequent analyzes show that there are currently six profiles of disconfidence of the police in Canada, and that belonging to one of these types can be explained at least partially by sociodemographic factors. This thesis contributes first to updating the literature on public opinion and confidence in the police, then to improving it. It represents a first study to address confidence in the police from a public opinion perspective in such a comprehensive way in the Canadian context.

No description available.

No description available.

Depuis plusieurs années, la représentation des instances de brutalité policière dans les médias modernes suscite l'émoi. Ces événements, qui montrent la police sous ses pires angles et exposent au grand jour les lacunes de l'institution policière, se sont récemment multipliés à travers le monde. Le Canada ne se soustrait pas à cette tangente. Certains diraient que le Canada n'est plus le « paisible royaume » qu'il a déjà été, s'il l'a déjà été. Au pays, les actions des corps policiers entourant les morts de Fredy Villanueva et de Chantal Moore, ainsi que les manifestations du sommet du G20 à Toronto en 2010 et celles de 2012 au Québec sont encore fraîches dans les mémoires des Canadiens. Il n'est donc pas étonnant que les événements récents survenus lors des manifestations contre le racisme aux États-Unis aient rouvert des plaies jusqu'au Canada et attiré l'attention du reste du monde. La relation avec la police et les perceptions du public face à celle-ci sont cruciales dans une société démocratique telle que celle du Canada. Malgré cela, la formation des attitudes quant à la police au Canada - et plus précisément la confiance et la méfiance - reste sous-étudiée. C'est dans cette optique que le présent mémoire s'est intéressé aux déterminants et aux raisons de la confiance et de la méfiance envers la police au Canada. Les résultats des analyses réalisées montrent que la confiance envers la police au Canada peut s'expliquer principalement en termes institutionnels et, dans une moindre mesure, en termes psychosociaux et structurels. Les résultats des analyses subséquentes montrent qu'il existe présentement six profils-types de méfiance envers la police au Canada, et que l'appartenance à un de ces types peut s'expliquer au moins partiellement par des facteurs sociodémographiques. Ce mémoire contribue d'abord à mettre à jour la littérature sur l'opinion publique et la confiance envers la police, puis à la bonifier. Il représente une première étude s'intéressant de manière aussi complète à la confiance envers la police dans le contexte canadien. / For several years now, the depiction of instances of police brutality in modern media has caused a stir. These events, which show the police from their worst angles and expose the shortcomings of the police institution, have recently multiplied throughout the world. Canada is not escaping this tangent. Some would say that Canada is no longer the "peaceful kingdom" it once was, if it ever was. At home, the actions of police forces in the deaths of Fredy Villanueva and Chantal Moore, as well as the demonstrations of the G20 summit in Toronto in 2010 and those of 2012 in Quebec are still fresh in the memories of Canadians. It is therefore not surprising that the recent events during the anti-racism demonstrations in the United States have reopened wounds in Canada and are attracting also the attention of the rest of the world. The relationship with the police and the public's perceptions of the institution are crucial in a democratic society such as Canada's. Despite this, the formation of attitudes about the police in Canada - and more specifically confidence and misconfidence - remains understudied. It is with this in mind that this thesis examines the determinants and reasons for confidence and misconfidence of the police in Canada. The results of the analyzes demonstrate that confidence in the police in Canada can be explained mainly in institutional terms and, to a lesser extent, in psychosocial and capable terms. The results of the subsequent analyzes show that there are currently six profiles of disconfidence of the police in Canada, and that belonging to one of these types can be explained at least partially by sociodemographic factors. This thesis contributes first to updating the literature on public opinion and confidence in the police, then to improving it. It represents a first study to address confidence in the police from a public opinion perspective in such a comprehensive way in the Canadian context.

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2012

This research project was an empirical study of a number of variables and their relationship to commitment to the work ethic among a systematically selected sample of middle class professionals, some of whom worked with the poor (social workers and public defenders) and some of whom did not (computer scientists). Membership rosters of national professional organizations were used to select the sample. An original mail survey, the Work and Poverty Survey, was used to gather data on the respondents' commitments to the work ethic, knowledge about the poor, perceptions of the poor, and attitudes toward a variety of social welfare programs (both individualistically and structurally oriented). Of the 230 returned questionnaires (out of a sample of 427), 202 were useable. Composite variables were constructed from Likert-type rating scales to measure several key variables. The data were subjected to a number of statistical tests, using appropriate subprograms of SPSS. Frequency distributions, Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, multiple regressions and Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized and the data analyzed in testing the eight stated hypotheses. Substantial majorities from each professional group endorsed the work ethic. Attitudes toward a variety of social welfare programs were the most significant predictors of commitment to the work ethic. The respondents were not knowledgeable about the poor. Both knowledge of and perception of the poor were inversely correlated with commitment to the work ethic. Respondents seemed to support both structurally and individualistically oriented social welfare programs for the poor. / Ph. D.

Attitudes of Virginia citizens toward wildlife management programs were studied using a survey questionnaire mailed to 2,000 randomly selected households. The response rate was 56%. Wildlife's ecological, viewing, cultural, existence, and scientific benefits were valued by most of the respondents (81-96%)- Fewer respondents (44-57%) valued wildlife for hunting recreation, food and furs, and economic benefits; 48% valued wildlife because they believed animals have souls. Most respondents (81-96%) participated in nonconsumptive activities which required little time, money, or knowledge of the wildlife resource. Fewer respondents (26-43%) participated in activities which require greater commitments such as photographing wildlife, traveling to see wildlife, and hunting. Most respondents (77%) felt that active management of wildlife was necessary, and most (79%) agreed that management should benefit wildlife populations rather than humans. Similarly, when asked to assign nongame budget percentages to various activities, respondents gave priority to programs benefitting wildlife rather than people. We suggest that most people prefer the intangible benefits they receive from knowing that wildlife populations exist and are being preserved, to the tangible benefits they receive from direct use of the wildlife resource. A second sample of 400 Virginia nongame fund contributors was compared to self-declared hunters from the general public sample. Contributors to Virginia's nongame fund are more likely than hunters to be single, suburban males, with advanced educations and white-collar jobs. Contributor preferences and values are similar to those of hunters except they are less likely to value wildlife for utilitarian purposes. / M.S.