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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Design and fabrication of long-period fibre gratings and wavelength-selective couplers for wavelength-division multiplexing networks

Kritzinger, Ronnie 12 March 2012 (has links)
D.Ing. / Optical fibre-based devices (e.g. fibre gratings) play an important role in the optical com- munications and sensing industry. One type of fibre grating, the long-period grating (LPG), is becoming more and more popular as a simple and versatile component for a multitude of applications in optical engineering. The sensitivity of LPGs to various external perturbations and their ability to manipulate selectively light propagating in optical fibres make them well- suited to creating fibre-based devices. LPGs can be used in various applications, for example as gain equalisers for erbium-doped fibre amplifiers, as channel routers in optical add-drop multiplexers and as sensors. LPGs are typically fabricated by exposing photosensitive optical fibre to ultraviolet light. However, a variety of other techniques can be used to fabricate LPGs, including exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) laser light. Over the years, it has become evident that CO2 laser- induced LPGs exhibit unique properties and features that can be harnessed to develop devices for important applications. It is necessary to understand the physical properties and optical characteristics of CO2 laser-induced LPGs to harness, manipulate and enhance their features. Research has been conducted on the development of an automated fabrication system that produces axially symmetric LPGs in single-mode fibre with a CO2 laser. A detailed study was undertaken on the design of uniform and non-uniform LPGs for wavelength-division multiplexing networks, as well as the characterisation of the CO2 laser beam propagating in the LPG fabrication system. These LPGs have been designed, using either analysis or syn- thesis techniques. The polarisation-dependent loss of the LPGs has also been investigated. Wavelength-selective couplers (WSCs) have been constructed using CO2 laser-induced LPGs and it was shown that these couplers were e®ective but not efficient in routing power to the output port of the tapping fibre. The physical properties, optical transmission characteris- tics, applications and other related issues of CO2 laser-induced LPGs have been investigated and satisfactory experimental results have been obtained. Areas for potential future research concerning CO2 laser-induced LPGs have been identified and discussed.
212

Etude des sources supercontinuum à fibres transparentes dans le moyen infrarouge / Study of supercontinuum sources in fibers transparents in the mid-infrared

Duhant, Mathieu 12 October 2012 (has links)
Les travaux réalisés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l'étude de la génération de supercontinuum dans des fibres transparentes dans le moyen infrarouge. Afin de générer un supercontinuum entre 3 et 5 µm, nous chercherons à comparer différentes familles de verres tels que les verres de fluorures, les verres d'oxydes de tellures et les verres de chalcogénures. Ces fibres sont pompées à l'aide de laser à fibre émettant autour de 2 µm en régime impulsionnel nanoseconde ou picoseconde. Cette longueur d'onde permet de s'approcher du zéro de dispersion chromatique de certaines fibres. Nous générons un supercontinuum jusqu'à 3800 nm dans des verres fluorés. Une connectique, dont la transmission est d'environ 75 %, est réalisée entre une fibre ZBLAN et une fibre SiO2. Une mesure des raies d'absorption du méthane est réalisée autour de 3300 nm à l'aide du supercontinuum généré dans les verres fluorés. Un supercontinuum est généré jusqu'à 2900 nm dans une fibre en oxyde de tellure. L'étendue du spectre aux grandes longueurs d'onde est limitée par l'atténuation de la fibre. Enfin, plusieurs compositions de verres de chalcogénures sont testées (As38Se62, As40S60, Ge10As22Se68). Ces fibres seront tout d'abord pompées dans leur régime de dispersion normale et nous observerons la formation de 4 sauts Raman successifs. Le gain Raman dans les verres AsSe est estimé à (1,6+/- 0,5) x 10E-11 m/W. Un compromis entre le contrôle de la dispersion chromatique et le couplage dans la fibre nous conduit à réaliser des fibres effilées dont le diamètre varie sur la longueur de la fibre. Nous obtiendrons alors un supercontinuum dans une fibre effilée en verre d'AsSe jusqu'à 2600 nm / The work reported in this thesis deals with the study of the supercontinuum generation in fibers transparent in the mid-infrared. To generate a supercontinuum between 3 and 5 µm we compare different glass families such as fluoride glasses, tellurite glasses and chalcogenide glasses. These fibers are pumped with fiber lasers emitting at 2 µm with nanosecond or picosecond pulse duration. This wavelength allows us to reach the zero dispersion wavelength of the chalcogenide tapered fibers. We report supercontinuum generation up to 3800 nm in a fluoride glass fiber. A connection with 75 % of transmission is made between a ZBLAN and a SiO2 fiber. We also measured absorption lines of the methane at 3300 nm. We report supercontinuum generation up to 2900 nm in an oxyde tellurite fiber. The supercontinuum edge at long wavelength is limited by the OH absorption of the fiber. Finally, several chalcogenide glass compositions and geometries are tested (As38Se62, As40S60, Ge10As22Se68). These fibers are pumped in their normal dispersion regime and we observe the four cascaded Raman shifts. The Raman gain coefficient in the AsSe glasses is estimated to be (1,6+/- 0,5) x 10E-11 m/W.A trade-off between the chromatic dispersion control and the coupling in the fiber leads us to use tapered fibers whose diameter varies along the length of the fiber. We report supercontinuum generation in an AsSe tapered fiber up to 2600 nm
213

Holographie adaptative pour la réalisation de capteurs à fibres optiques de très grande sensibilité : application à la détection d’ondes acoustiques sous-marines / Adaptive holographic interferometry for high sensitivity fiber optic sensors : study of underwater acoustic waves detection

Peigné, Arnaud 25 February 2016 (has links)
Ces dernières années, des avancées considérables ont été obtenues dans le domaine des capteurs à fibres optiques, principalement grâce à l’élan des applications industrielles, de plus en plus diverses et nombreuses (monitoring de structures, surveillance, environnement, applications médicales, ….). Cette thèse concerne le domaine des antennes acoustiques SONAR en technologie « tout-optique » Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude d’un capteur de contrainte longitudinale à fibre optique. La modulation de phase optique induite par la contrainte est démodulée par un interféromètre adaptatif basé sur le principe de l’holographie dynamique. Cet interféromètre permet, par essence, (i) le filtrage des perturbations basse fréquence de l’environnement, (ii) un fonctionnement en régime linéaire (iii) la démodulation d’un front d’onde complexe, type speckle issu d’une fibre optique multimode. L’holographie dynamique repose sur l’interaction entre deux ondes optiques dans un milieu non-linéaire. Pour notre application, le milieu non-linéaire retenu est un modulateur spatial de lumière adressé optiquement (OASLM) à 1,55 μm. Nous présentons tout d’abord nos travaux de conception, réalisation et caractérisation de l’interféromètre adaptatif. Nous démontrons ensuite un capteur de contrainte à fibre optique basé sur cet interféromètre. Nous étudions également l’augmentation de sensibilité du capteur par l’utilisation d’une fibre optique multimode. Nous discutons finalement nos résultats et le potentiel de la technologie étudiée au regard de l’application visée. / Fiber optic sensors are a key technology for future developments with a large field of applications ranging from structure health monitoring to medical applications. Due to its high compactness, its electromagnetic immunity and the low transmission losses in the telecom window, optical fibers are very promising for underwater acoustic waves detection. We present a method relying on adaptive holographic interferometry based on two beam coupling in an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM). This method allows filtering the slow phase perturbations coming from the environment directly on the sensing optical fiber. In this work, we will first introduce the OASLM operating at 1,55 μm that we have manufactured and the realization of an adaptive holographic interferometer based on this component. Moreover, we will show that it is possible to associate this demodulation method with a multimode optical fiber to reach a better sensitivity. Finally, we will focus on sensors architectures to evaluate the benefit of this technology compared to conventional techniques.
214

Studies On The Effects Of Raman Scattering On The Propagation Of Solitons In Optical Fibers

Aparna, C S 02 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
215

Impact de la nanostructuration des fibres dopées Erbium sur leurs performances : application aux contraintes du spatial / Impact of the Silica Nanostructuration on Erbium Doped Fiber for Space Applications

Thomas, Jérémie 13 December 2013 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude de l'impact de la nanostructuration de la matière sur le comportement des fibres dopées Erbium en environnement radiatif tel que l'Espace. Cette étude est motivée par le fait qu'il n'existe pas de fibre dopée Erbium qualifiée pour le spatial, rendant l'AOFD indisponible pour ces applications, réduisant fortement l'intérêt de l'ensemble de la technologie WDM pour les satellites. Ainsi nous avons testé plusieurs fibres basées sur des technologies différentes dans le but d'évaluer leurs comportements sous radiations gamma. Nous avons ainsi défini un critère objectif pour la sélection des fibres dopées Erbium, et avons montré des éléments permettant de durcir des fibres co-dopées Aluminium en se basant uniquement sur des paramètres de conception. Ainsi, nous avons démontré une fibre durcie aux radiations à base de nanoparticules de silice dopées Erbium, montrant une perte de puissance de l'ordre de 1 dB en fin de mission typique d'un satellite. L'accent a également été mis sur la modélisation de l'AOFD en proposant un modèle évolué prenant en compte des effets non linéaires liés à la complexité de la spectroscopie de l'ion Erbium. Ce modèle a été complété par une prise en compte de l'effet des irradiations et de la guérison optique en utilisant un modèle de proche de celui développé par R. Chen. Nous avons pu noter la grande importance de l'effet de la guérison optique sur les performances de l'AOFD en fin de vie. / This thesis focuses on the impact of nanostructuration on the performance of Erbium Doped Fiber in severe environment like Space. This study is motivated by the fact that no on-the-shell Erbium Doped Fiber can satisfy the space requirement, disabling the availability of the AOFD and stongly limiting the interest of the WDM technology for satellites. Several fiber based on different technologies have been tested in order to check their behavior under gamma radiations. We have defined an objective criterion for the selection of erbium doped fibers, and showed elements for hardening aluminum co-doped fibers, based solely on design parameters. In this way, we brought to the fore a radiation hardened fiber, based on silica nanoparticles, exhibiting a power decrease of 1 dB after a typical space mission. We also focused on EDFA modeling by proposing an evolved model taking into account non-linear effects due to the complex spectroscopy of Erbium. This model is completed by including irradiation effects thanks to a model such as Chen's one. The photobleaching effect that has been found to be strong is also considered.
216

Polymer optical fiber gratings for microwave photonics and communications application

Min, Rui 02 September 2019 (has links)
[ES] Con el continuo desarrollo de materiales y tecnologías de fabricación durante las últimas tres décadas, la atenuación de la transmisión de las fibras ópticas de polímero (POF) se ha reducido considerablemente. Las POF son ventajosas para las redes domésticas, así como para las interconexiones de almacenamiento, y tienen ventajas significativas para muchas aplicaciones de detección, que incluye el límite alto de tensión elástica, alta resistencia a la fractura, alta flexibilidad en la flexión, alta sensibilidad a la tensión y coeficientes termoópticos negativos. Esta tesis consigue mejorar la tecnología de irradiación con láser para POF e investiga dispositivos especiales basados en redes de difracción en POF para comunicaciones ópticas, microondas, fotónica y detección. En particular, desarrollamos la tecnología de fabricación rápida de FBGs en POF con un estudio detallado y la optimización de los parámetros de fabricación de redes de difracción de Bragg en fibra (FBG). Los resultados más destacados incluyen un FBG uniforme de 8 dB con un solo pulso láser Nd: YAG (26 nsm) (8 ns) basado en fibra dopada con BDK, que es el tiempo más corto presentado hasta ahora para la fabricación de FBGs en POF. La irradiación de fibras ópticas de polímero utilizando diferentes materiales basado en el láser KrF a 248 nm permitió demostrar un mejor rendimiento en comparación con el sistema que emplea el láser He-Cd a 325 nm. Además, se fabricaron FBGs uniformes en POFs de índice escalón dopadas con TS en menos de 1 segundo mediante la repetición de pulsos con baja energía. Finalmente, el estudio de la irradiación UV con pulsos de baja energía para la fabricación de redes de difracción estables permitió ahorrar energía en el proceso de fabricación de FBGs en POF, como uno de los principales requisitos para la producción en masa. Basándonos en la tecnología de fabricación mejorada, nos centramos en la fabricación de redes de difracción con diferentes estructuras: se fabricó un FBG con desplazamiento de fase utilizando dos pulsos de 15 ns a 248 nm KrF superpuestos por el método de Moiré; el primer FBG con chirp sintonizable se logró utilizando un solo pulso corto del láser, que abrió nuevas perspectivas a las aplicaciones basadas en redes de difracción con chirp en POF; también se propuso un nuevo método basado en gradientes térmicos para obtener FBG con chirp en POF basadas en FBG uniformes, y se demostró como la forma más conveniente publicada hasta la fecha para lograr este tipo de FBGs no uniformes en POF; y, finalmente, también se han fabricado redes de difracción de largo período utilizando un proceso de fabricación de corto tiempo, especialmente en comparación con investigaciones anteriores. En la última parte de la tesis, y en base a los dispositivos basados en redes de difracción obtenidos a lo largo de este trabajo, se han propuesto varias aplicaciones . De manera similar a los FBG en fibra de sílice, los FBGs con chirp en POF tienen muchas aplicaciones futuras en las áreas de comunicaciones ópticas y de los sensores. Este documento describe la aplicación de detección de tensión basada en una FBG con chirp sintonizable en POF, su aplicación para detección térmica en sistemas biomédicos; e ilustra el potencial de los dispositivos de dispersión sintonizables en el campo de las comunicaciones ópticas, bien como compensación de dispersión o en fotónica de microondas. / [CAT] Amb el continu desenvolupament de materials i tecnologies de fabricació durant les últimes tres dècades, l'atenuació de la transmissió de les fibres òptiques de polímer (POF) s'ha reduït considerablement. Els POF són avantatjosos per a les xarxes domèstiques, així com per a les interconnexions d'emmagatzematge, i tenen avantatges significatius per a moltes aplicacions de detecció, inclosos els límits de tensió elàstica alta, alta resistència a la fractura, alta flexibilitat en la flexió, alta sensibilitat a la tensió i potencials coeficients termoópticos negatius. Aquesta tesi va millorar la tecnologia d'irradiació amb làser per a POF i va investigar dispositius basats en xarxes difracció de Bragg (FBG) especials en POF per a comunicació òptica, microones, fotònica i detecció. En particular, desenvolupem la tecnologia de fabricació ràpida de FBG en POF amb un estudi detallat i l'optimització dels paràmetres per a la seua fabricació. Els punts destacats dels resultats inclouen un FBG uniforme de 8 dB amb un sol pols del làser Nd: YAG (266 nm) (8 ns) basat en fibra dopada amb BDK, que és el temps més curt reportat per a la fabricació de POF FBG. La irradiació de fibres òptiques de polímer utilitzant diferents materials sota el sistema de làser KrF a 248 nm va permetre demostrar un millor rendiment en comparació amb el sistema de làser Kimmon de 325 nm. A més, els FBG uniformes en el POF dopat amb TS d'índex escalonat es van aconseguir amb menys d'1 segon mitjançant la repetició de polsos de control i l'energia baixa de pols. Finalment, l'estudi de la irradiació d'energia de pols per a la fabricació de FBGs estables va permetre estalviar energia en el procés de fabricació de FBGs en POF, com un dels principals objectius de la producció en massa. Basant-nos en la tecnologia de fabricació millorada, ens centrem en la fabricació de diferents estructures de xarxes de difracció: es va fabricar un FBG amb desplaçament de fase utilitzant dos polsos de 15 ns a 248 nm KrF superposats pel mètode de Moiré; el primer FBG amb chirp sintonitzable es va aconseguir utilitzant un sol pols curt de làser, que va obrir les aplicacions basades en FBG amb chirp en POF; també es va proposar un nou mètode amb gradients tèrmics per a obtindre FBG en POF basat en FBG uniformes, i es va demostrar com la forma més convenient publicada fins hui per a aconseguir FBG POF estimulada; i, finalment, també s'han aconseguit xarxes de llarg període utilitzant un procés de fabricació de curt temps, especialment en comparació amb investigacions anteriors. Finalment, sobre la base dels dispositius de xarxes de difracció obtinguts al llarg d'aquest treball, s'han proposat diverses aplicacions potencials en aquesta tesi. De manera similar que per als FBG amb silici, el FBG amb chirp en POF té moltes aplicacions potencials en comunicacions òptiques i a l¿àrea de sensors. Aquest document descriu l'aplicació de detecció de tensió basada en FBG amb chirp sintonitzable en POF; a més, l'aplicació de detecció tèrmica en sistemes biomèdics; i el potencial dels dispositius de dispersió sintonitzables en les comunicacions òptiques, com per eixample a la compensació de dispersió o a la fotònica de microones. / [EN] With the continuing development of material and fabrication technologies over the last three decades, the transmission attenuation of polymer optical fibers (POF) has been greatly decreased. POFs are advantageous for home networks as well as storage interconnections and have significant advantages for many sensing applications, including high elastic strain limits, high fracture toughness, high flexibility in bending, high sensitivity to strain and potential negative thermo-optic coefficients. This thesis improved the laser irradiation technology for POF and investigated special grating devices in POF for optical communication, microware photonics and sensing. In particular, we developed fast POF grating fabrication technology with a detailed study and optimization of the polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (POFBG) fabrication parameters. Highlights of the results include an 8 dB uniform POFBG with one single Nd:YAG (266nm) laser pulse (8 ns) based on BDK doped fiber, which is the shortest time ever reported for POFBG fabrication. The irradiation of polymer optical fibers using different materials under 248 nm KrF laser system allowed to demonstrate a better performance compared with 325 nm Kimmon laser system. Furthermore, uniform FBGs in step-index TS doped POF were achieved with less than 1 second by means of controlling pulse repetition and low pulse energy. Finally, the study of low UV pulse power irradiation for fabricating stable gratings allowed to save energy in the POF grating fabrication process, as one of the main goals for mass production. Based on the improved fabrication technology, we focused on the fabrication of different grating structures: a phase-shifted FBG was fabricated by using two 15 ns 248 nm KrF pulses overlapped by Moiré method; the first tunable chirped FBG was achieved by using a single laser short pulse, which opened the applications based on chirped POF BGs; also a novel thermal annealing method was proposed to obtain chirped POFBGs based on uniform FBGs, and proved as the ever published most convenient way to achieve chirped POFBG; and finally, long period gratings have been also achieved by using a short time fabrication process, specially when compared with previous research. Finally, based on the grating devices obtained throughout this work, several potential applications have been proposed in this thesis. Similarly, to silica chirped FBG, chirped FBG in POF have many potential applications in optical communications and sensing area. This document described the potential strain sensing application based on tunable chirped POFBG; also, the thermal detection application in bio-medical systems; and the potential of tunable dispersion devices in optical communications, i.e., dispersion compensation or microwave photonics. / Min, R. (2019). Polymer optical fiber gratings for microwave photonics and communications application [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/125473 / TESIS
217

Širokopásmová FTTx přípojka na architektuře WDM - PON / Wide-band FTTx Networks Terminal in WDM - PON architecture

Bobkovič, Peter January 2010 (has links)
This masters thesis is focusing on the issue of passive optic access networks. It is dealing with the limiting factors for broadband connections, especially attenuation of fibre optics and dispersion. It is also dealing with most commonly used standards of passive optic networks. It clarifies the issue of wavelength-division multiplexing, its advantages and disadvantages, used standards, various types of components for the WDM-networks, their characteristics, application etc. In the practical part of the work you can find the measuring and diagnostics of the passive optic network EPON. It contains measuring by the direct method OLTS, measuring by the Pon Power Meter and optic reflectometer OTDR. At the end I am dealing with the measuring of splitter in the rate of 1:16.
218

PMD - polarizační vlivy optických vláken / Optical fibres and their polarization effect

Klesnil, Ondřej January 2010 (has links)
This project describes the fundamental concepts and basic theory of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers. There are described basic the relation between Jones vectors and Stokes vectors, rotation matrices, the definition and representation of PMD vectors, the laws of infinitesimal rotation. After the introduction the first conception with bases of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers, they have become an important body of knowledge basic for the design of high-capacity optical communication systems. PMD effects are linear electromagnetic propagation phenomena occurring in so-called “single-mode“fibers. Despite their name, these fibers support two modes of propagation distinguished by their polarization. Because of optical birefringence in the fiber, the two modes travel with different group velocities, and the random change of this birefringence along the fiber length results in random coupling between the modes. With current practical transmission technology the resulting PMD phenomena lead to pulse distortion and system impairments that limit the transmission capacity of the fiber. I describe different ways of measuring PMD in optical fibre, PMD compensation techniques and analyse PMD results in optical fibres.
219

Datová síť pro smart grid v energetice / Data network for smart grid energy

Durkoš, Michal January 2013 (has links)
Electric grid as we now it has been without significant change for a long time. Along with the human population grows demand for electricity, which leads to need to create more energy. Bigger interest is in ecology and use of renewable sources, although these do not have constant output which often stresses the grid. These problems are to be solved by smart grids. Smart grids are capable of adjusting energy generation to immediate demand including renewable sources to compensate energy fluctuations in grid. They provide demand response and other applications interesting for end users. Smart grids are combination of achievements in energy, informatics and communication technology. Communication, which is key part of smart grids, has to met certain requirements and can be executed by various technologies. There are described various communication technologies and a design concept of data communication in this paper.
220

Šumové charakteristiky optického signálu zesíleného optickým vláknovým zesilovačem / Noise characteristics of the optical signal amplified by optical fiber amplifier

Dašovský, Jakub January 2017 (has links)
This master thesis deals with problematics of information transmission trough optical fiber and spreading of the electromagnetic field at wavelengths of light. There are analyzed characteristics of the optical signal, and described methods of measuring wavelength of the optical signal power and noise level of the useful signal. Another examined parameter is OSNR at the input and on the output of the optical fiber amplifier EFDA.

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