This dissertation reports the application of nonlinear optical effects for the investigation of vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of molecules adsorbed on thin film metal oxide surfaces and metal oxide surfaces. The main emphasis of the experiments cited here is to introduce the recently developed multi-photon technique, Waveguide Surface Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy (WSCARS), to the scientific community. Planar optical waveguides have been utilized to generate large optical field enhancements on metal oxide surfaces. Guided waves have been employed to obtain the surface coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectra of pyridine, phenol, benzene, methanol, CD₃OD, 2,4-pentadione, oxygen, ammonia and ND₃ adsorbed onto a ZnO (0001) surface. Vibrational spectra of transient species (O₂⁻) adsorbed on ZnO (0001) surface are also presented. Furthermore, the WSCARS has been used to monitor catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene adsorbed on ZnO (0001) surface. The WSCARS technique is compared with the other vibrational surface probes. Future directions and limitations of the technique are also discussed. Electronic spectra of surface bound species have been examined by resonantly enhanced surface second harmonic generation (SSHG). SHG spectra of trans-cinnamic acid adsorbed on optically cleaned fused silica have been obtained at room temperature and at 4 K. Surface second harmonic generation has been applied to study the adsorption of water and acetone onto thermally grown silicon dioxide/silicon surface. SSHG has been successfully applied to monitor photo-oxidation and photo-reduction of a rutile (110) surface. Experiments are described, data are presented, and surface-adsorbate binding modes are discussed.

Professional imaging systems, particularly motion picture cameras, usually employ larger photosites and lower pixel counts than many amateur cameras. This results in the desirable characteristics of improved dynamic range, signal to noise and sensitivity. However, high performance optics often have frequency response characteristics that exceed the Nyquist limit of the sensor, which, if not properly addressed, results in aliasing artifacts in the captured image. Most contemporary still and video cameras employ various optically birefringent materials as optical low-pass filters (OLPF) in order to minimize aliasing artifacts in the image. Most OLPFs are designed as optical elements with a frequency response that does not change even if the frequency responses of the other elements of the capturing systems are altered. An extended evaluation of currently used birefringent-based OLPFs is provided. In this work, the author proposed and demonstrated the use of a parallel optical window p ositioned between a lens and a sensor as an OLPF. Controlled X- and Y-axes rotations of the optical window during the image exposure results in a manipulation of the system's point-spread function (PSF). Consequently, changing the PSF affects some portions of the frequency components contained in the image formed on the sensor. The system frequency response is evaluated when various window functions are used to shape the lens' PSF, such as rectangle, triangle, Tukey, Gaussian, Blackman-Harris etc. In addition to the ability to change the PSF, this work demonstrated that the PSF can be manipulated dynamically, which allowed us to modify the PSF to counteract any alteration of other optical elements of the capturing system. There are several instances presented in the dissertation in which it is desirable to change the characteristics of an OLPF in a controlled way. / In these instances, an OLPF whose characteristics can be altered dynamically results in an improvement of the image quality. / by Branko Petljanski. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

by Lui Bong Chun, Richard. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract / Acknowledgment / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background for the Project --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Interests in Blue-Green Laser --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Progress of Blue-Green Laser --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Aim of the Project --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Overview the Remaining Parts of this Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- References --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Sum Frequency Generation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sum Frequency Generation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Theoretical Background for Sum Frequency Generation --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Coupled Wave Equations for SFG --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Phase Matching Considerations --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- References --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cerenkov Radiation --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Properties of Cerenkov Radiation by Using TM Mode --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Refractive Index Notation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Fundamental Wave TM Guides Mode --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Second Harmonic TM Radiation Mode --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Efficiency of SHG --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Simplified Model Analysis of Cerenkov Radiation in TE Mode --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- Simulation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Modeling the LiNb03 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Modeling an Asymmetric Slab Waveguide ´ؤPMMA doped with MNA on Fused Quartz --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Modeling a Symmetric Slab Waveguide ´ؤPMMA doped with MNA on Fused Quartz --- p.42 / Chapter 3.5 --- References --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Ellipsometry --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2 --- General Principles --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Basic Operation --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Optical Constants of the Bulk Materials --- p.51 / Chapter 4.5 --- Calculation the Refractive Index of the Substrates --- p.53 / Chapter 4.6 --- Ellipsometric Theory for the Thin Film --- p.57 / Chapter 4.7 --- Measurement the Refractive Index and the Thickness of the Thin Film --- p.59 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Data --- p.62 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Discussions --- p.73 / Chapter 4.8 --- Calculation the Refractive Index of the thin Film by Considering as a Bulk Material --- p.78 / Chapter 4.9 --- References --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Prism Coupling --- p.81 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2 --- Coupling of a Plane Wave --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3 --- Numerical Approach for the Calculation of the Coupling Efficiency --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4 --- Experiment --- p.88 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Experimental Setup --- p.88 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Experimental Result and Discussions --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5 --- References --- p.92 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Future Plans --- p.96 / Chapter 7.1 --- Simplified Model of Corona Poling --- p.96 / Chapter 7.2 --- Advanced Models of Poling --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Slab Waveguide --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Channel Waveguide --- p.99 / Chapter 7.3 --- References --- p.100 / Chapter Appendix 1 --- Materials' Descriptions --- p.A-l / Chapter A.1.1 --- 2-Methyl-4-Nitoaniline --- p.A-1 / Chapter A.1.2 --- Poly ( Methyl Methacrylate ) --- p.A-3 / Chapter A.1.3 --- References --- p.A-4 / Chapter Appendix 2 --- Fabrication Procedures --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.1 --- Cleaning the Apparatus --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.2 --- Cleaning the Substrate --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.3 --- Thin film Fabrication --- p.A-5 / Chapter A.2.4 --- Thin Film Removal --- p.A-6 / Chapter A.2.5 --- References --- p.A-6 / Chapter Appendix 3 --- Alpha Step --- p.A-7 / Chapter A.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.A-7 / Chapter A.3.2 --- Experimental Setup --- p.A-8 / Chapter A.3.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.A-9 / Chapter A.3.3.1 --- Thin Film of PMMA without Dopant --- p.A-9 / Chapter A.3.3.2 --- Thin Film of PMMA doped with MNA --- p.A-19 / Chapter A.3.4 --- Discussions --- p.A-27 / Chapter A.3.5 --- References --- p.A-28 / Chapter Appendix 4 --- Scanning Electron Microscope --- p.A-29 / Chapter A.4.1 --- Scanning Electron Microscope --- p.A-29 / Chapter A.4.2 --- Reference --- p.A-30 / Chapter Appendix 5 --- Gaussian Beam & Coordinate System Transformation --- p.A-31 / Chapter A.5.1 --- Gaussian Beam in a Homogeneous Medium --- p.A-31 / Chapter A.5.2 --- Transformation of the Coordinate Systems --- p.A-32 / Chapter A.5.3 --- Reference --- p.A-32 / Chapter Appendix 6 --- Waist Size Measurement of Gaussian Beam --- p.A-33 / Chapter A.6.1 --- Waist Size Measurement of Gaussian Beam --- p.A-33 / Chapter A.6.2 --- References --- p.A-34 / Chapter Appendix 7 --- Quasi Phase Matching --- p.A-35 / Chapter A. 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.A-35 / Chapter A.7.2 --- Basic Concept of QPM --- p.A-36 / Chapter A.7.3 --- References --- p.A-38 / Chapter Appendix 8 --- Program Listing --- p.A-41 / Chapter A.8.1 --- Program Listing ( Chapter 3 ) --- p.A-41 / Chapter A.8.1.1 --- Program 3.1 (transcendental.m ) --- p.A-41 / Chapter A.8.1.2 --- Program 3.2 (linbo3.m) --- p.A-42 / Chapter A.8.2 --- Program Listing ( Chapter 4 ) --- p.A-45 / Chapter A.8.2.1 --- Program 4.1 ( ellipsometry.m ) --- p.A-45 / Chapter A.8.3 --- Program Listing ( Chapter 5 ) --- p.A-47 / Chapter A.8.3.1 --- Program 5.1 ( parameter.m ) --- p.A-47 / Chapter A.8.3.2 --- Program 5.2 ( coupling.m ) --- p.A-49 / Chapter A.8.3.3 --- Program 5.3 ( v_3_amp.m ) --- p.A-50 / Chapter A.8.3.4 --- Program 5.4 ( input_profile.m ) --- p.A-51

by Chan Lai Yin Simon. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Properties of the InGaAsP quaternary alloy on InP substrate --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Physical Properties of In1-xGaxASyP1-y on InP substrate --- p.3-4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Optical Properties of In1-xGaxASyP1-y on InP substrate --- p.4-7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Nonlinear Optical Property of InGaAsP --- p.7-9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Fabrication of InGaAsP/InP rib waveguide / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Epitaxial Growth of In1-xGaxASyP1-y on InP substrate by MOCVD --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Etching of the five layer In1-xGaxASyP1-y slab waveguide --- p.9-12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of the thesis --- p.12-13 / References --- p.13-15 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Modal analysis of the single mode III-V semiconductor waveguidesin multi-layer rib structure by Effective Index Method / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.16-17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Modal analysis of the rib waveguides --- p.17-27 / Chapter 2.3 --- Optical Confinement in rib waveguide --- p.28-30 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions and discussions --- p.30-31 / References --- p.31-33 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Ultrashort Pulsewidth Measurement Part I / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pulsewidth measurement by streak camera --- p.34-37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Pulsewidth measurement by nonlinear autocorrelation --- p.37-40 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Second Harmonic Generation Autocorrelator --- p.40-43 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Two Photon Fluorescence Autocorrelator --- p.43-44 / Chapter 3.4 --- Two Photon Absorption Waveguide Autocorrelator --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- TPA theory --- p.45-48 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Autocorrelation Measurement by TPA in InGaAsP Waveguide --- p.48-51 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- The Estimated performance of the TPA Waveguide Autocorrelator --- p.52 / References --- p.52-57 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Ultrashort Pulsewidth Measurement Part II: High Sensitivity Two Photon Absorption InGaAsP Waveguide Autocorrelator for Low Power Pulsewidth Measurement of 1.55μm Waveguide Pulses / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.58-60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Waveguide structures --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3 --- Practical Implementation of the TPA Waveguide Autocorrelator / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Mirror arrangement for the delay system --- p.61 -63 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Alignment and Coupling of the InGaAsP/InP Waveguide --- p.63-64 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- TPA photocurrent detection --- p.64-65 / Chapter 4.4 --- Experimental results --- p.65-67 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Pulsewidth measurement of the TPA InGaAsP waveguide autocorrelator --- p.67-71 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Spectral analysis by the TPA InGaAsP waveguide autocorrelator --- p.71 -73 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions and discussions --- p.73-75 / References --- p.75-78 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Picosecond Pulses Generation by Colliding-Pulse Mode-locking of a Fabry-Perot Laser Diode with an Intra-cavity Gradual Degradation Defect / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.79-80 / Chapter 5.2 --- Gain-switching --- p.80-84 / Chapter 5.3 --- Colliding Pulse Mode-locking --- p.84-85 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Degradation of diode laser --- p.85-86 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- CPM Theory --- p.86-89 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Experimental results --- p.89-92 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions and discussions --- p.92-93 / References --- p.94-98 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusions / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of the Research / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Theoretical Results --- p.99-100 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.101-104 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future Development / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Improvement of the TPA InGaAsP waveguide autocorrelator --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Future development of III-V semiconductor waveguides --- p.105-107 / References --- p.107-108 / Appendix --- p.109-121

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Includes bibliographical references. / by Scott Roger Shepard. / M.S.

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.

Chen Fei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / List of publications --- p.ii / Abstract (In English) --- p.iii / Abstract (In Chinese) --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.x / List of tables --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter II --- Sol-gel channel waveguides --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- General sol-gel process --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Dye-doped sol-gel zirconia and zirconia-ORMOSIL materials --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fabrication of sol-gel channel waveguides --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- General process of the photolithographic technique --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Channels in glass substrates by using photolithographic wet etching technique --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Channels in fused silica substrates by using photolithographic dry etching technique (Inductive-coupled plasma etching) --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter III --- Coupled-wave theory and experimental setup of distributed feedback channel waveguide lasers --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1 --- Coupled-wave theory of distributed feedback lasers --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experimental setup --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter IV --- One-dimensional and two-dimensional optical waveguide analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1 --- 1-D planar waveguide analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- 2-D channel waveguide analysis using the Marcatili method --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Eypq modes: Polarization in the y direction --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Eypq modes: Polarization in the x direction --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3 --- 2-D channel waveguide analysis using the effective index method --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter V --- Distributed feedback channel waveguide lasers tunable in the visible --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1 --- Rhodamine 6G-doped zirconia planar and channel waveguides --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Near infrared distributed feedback channel waveguide lasers --- p.68 / Chapter 6.1 --- LDS dye-doped zirconia-ORMOSIL planar and channel waveguides --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3 --- Summary --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter VII --- Summary --- p.81 / References --- p.86

Chan Jacklynn = 摻近紅外染料溶凝膠薄膜之光學及激光性質研究 / 陳在琳. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-152). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chan Jacklynn = Shan jin hong wai ran liao rong ning jiao bo mo zhi guang xue ji ji guang xing zhi yan jiu / Chen Zailin. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Publications --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xiv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Sol-gel Glass Waveguides --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Ellipsometry --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aim of this Research Work and Organization of Thesis --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- Basics on Ellipsometry --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Principle of Ellipsometry --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definition of Ellipsometric Parameters --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Configurations of an Ellipsometer --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Mathematical Representation of Ellipsometry --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bulk Material Structure --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Single Layer Structure --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Parameterization of Optical Functions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Optical Functions --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Regression Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 3 --- Modification of Rotating-Polarizer-Analyzer Ellipsometer --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Principle of RPA System --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Optical Setup of RPA System --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3 --- Components of the System and Modification for Infrared Measurement --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Light Source --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Monochromator --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Polarizers and Analyzer --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Detector and Data Reduction --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Optical Alignment --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5 --- Alignment of the Azimuthal Angles of the Polarizers --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6 --- Calibration Procedure --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Calibration by Gold Film on Silicon --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Calibration by Silicon Dioxide Film on Silicon --- p.67 / Chapter 4 --- Near Infrared Dyes in Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.72 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sol-gel Process --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Near Infrared Dyes in Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Development of Near Infrared Dyes --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Studies on Near Infrared Dye Solid State Laser --- p.79 / Chapter 5 --- Optical Properties of Dye-doped Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.83 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experimental Procedure --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Preparation of Samples --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.1.1 --- Materials --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1.1.2 --- Procedure --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Discussion on Synthesis of Infrared Dye-doped Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.88 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Choice of Solvents --- p.89 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Thermal Treatment and Lifetime --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- Necessity of Addition of GLYMO --- p.94 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Sample Characterization --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2 --- Surface Morphology --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3 --- Optical Properties of Dye-doped Zirconia Organically Modified Silicate Waveguides --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Modeling of Ellipsometric Values --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Interpretation of the Modeling Results --- p.107 / Chapter 6 --- Amplified Spontaneous Emission Based on Sol-gel Waveguides --- p.109 / Chapter 6.1 --- Experimental Setup --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2 --- Features of ASE and Fluorescence --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3 --- Prolonged Thermal Treatment Effect on Light Emission --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Difference in Preparation of Samples --- p.121 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Light Emission of Samples under Extended Thermal Treatment --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Directionality of the Emission --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Some Features of the Emission --- p.127 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and Recommendation --- p.133 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Chapter 7.2 --- Recommendation --- p.135 / Bibliography --- p.137

Liang Tak-keung. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Anhui Liang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. D1-D4). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.