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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Strain measurement of composite materials using fibre optic sensors /

Furlong, Peter Andrew Caskey. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-174). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.
62

Design and fabrication of long-period fibre gratings and wavelength-selective couplers for wavelength-division multiplexing networks

Kritzinger, Ronnie 12 March 2012 (has links)
D.Ing. / Optical fibre-based devices (e.g. fibre gratings) play an important role in the optical com- munications and sensing industry. One type of fibre grating, the long-period grating (LPG), is becoming more and more popular as a simple and versatile component for a multitude of applications in optical engineering. The sensitivity of LPGs to various external perturbations and their ability to manipulate selectively light propagating in optical fibres make them well- suited to creating fibre-based devices. LPGs can be used in various applications, for example as gain equalisers for erbium-doped fibre amplifiers, as channel routers in optical add-drop multiplexers and as sensors. LPGs are typically fabricated by exposing photosensitive optical fibre to ultraviolet light. However, a variety of other techniques can be used to fabricate LPGs, including exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) laser light. Over the years, it has become evident that CO2 laser- induced LPGs exhibit unique properties and features that can be harnessed to develop devices for important applications. It is necessary to understand the physical properties and optical characteristics of CO2 laser-induced LPGs to harness, manipulate and enhance their features. Research has been conducted on the development of an automated fabrication system that produces axially symmetric LPGs in single-mode fibre with a CO2 laser. A detailed study was undertaken on the design of uniform and non-uniform LPGs for wavelength-division multiplexing networks, as well as the characterisation of the CO2 laser beam propagating in the LPG fabrication system. These LPGs have been designed, using either analysis or syn- thesis techniques. The polarisation-dependent loss of the LPGs has also been investigated. Wavelength-selective couplers (WSCs) have been constructed using CO2 laser-induced LPGs and it was shown that these couplers were e®ective but not efficient in routing power to the output port of the tapping fibre. The physical properties, optical transmission characteris- tics, applications and other related issues of CO2 laser-induced LPGs have been investigated and satisfactory experimental results have been obtained. Areas for potential future research concerning CO2 laser-induced LPGs have been identified and discussed.
63

Mesures réparties par réflectométrie fréquentielle sur fibre optique / OFDR for optical fiber detectors

Boldyreva, Ekaterina 20 October 2016 (has links)
Les travaux de la présente thèse concernent l’étude théorique et la réalisation d’un Capteur réparti à Fibres Optiques fondé sur la réflectométrie fréquentielle et la rétrodiffusion de Rayleigh. La genèse de cette méthode remonte aux années 80 pour les mesures distribuées. Il y a un peu plus d’une dizaine d’années qu’elle a été mise en œuvre secrètement pour les meures réparties (continument sensibles) par la société américaine « Luna Innovations ». Cette approche permettant de réaliser des profils continus le long de la fibre des paramètres environnants (température et déformation principalement) offre une très bonne résolution spatiale ainsi qu’une résolution de mesure fine et présente donc un grand intérêt pour de nombreuses applications, venant ainsi en complément des techniques reposant sur la diffusion Raman ou Brillouin. L'aspect théorique de cette méthode dite OFDR Rayleigh a été analysé. Pour effectuer une mesure profilométrique il est nécessaire de déterminer simultanément deux informations : la distance physique allant de l’entrée de la fibre jusqu'au point où un paramètre physique à mesurer a été appliqué, et le paramètre physique proprement dit. Pour réaliser cette mesure un lien entre l'influence du paramètre d’influence et le changement d'indice du cœur de la fibre sous test doit être exploité. Il s’agit donc des sensibilités de mesure, mais aussi de l’influence de l’environnement sur le chemin optique parcouru, et donc sur la localisation précise des points de mesure. Ces différents aspects ont donc été analysés et rapportés dans le présent mémoire. Pour mettre en œuvre cette technique fréquentielle, et en particulier son traitement de signal, relativement complexe, deux méthodes différentes ont été proposées : la première dite « corrélationnelle » (mise en œuvre par « Luna Innovations » mais très peu documentée) et la méthode « tensorielle » proposée uniquement dans le cadre de la présente étude. Etant fondée sur les mesures répétitives des décalages spectraux induits par le paramètre physique à mesurer le long de la fibre, la méthode corrélationnelle est plus universelle, s’adressant à tous types de paramètres d’influence. Pourtant, elle s’avère moins précise du fait d'une erreur systématique dans le calcul des décalages spectraux. La méthode tensorielle, quant à elle, fournit un résultat plus précis, cependant elle n'est applicable que pour les mesures de déformations, puisque reposant sur l'effet élasto-optique dans le cœur de la fibre. Une procédure de traitement de signal a ensuite été élaborée pour les deux méthodes précitées, la corrélationnelle et la tensorielle. Les performances capacités de l'appareil dont nous disposons, Luna OBR 4600, ont également été montrées, tant en ce qui concerne les mesures de température que de déformations. Un banc expérimental mettant en œuvre cette méthode de mesure OFDR-Rayleigh a également été conçu est mis au point au laboratoire. Un logiciel de traitement des données a de fait été élaboré est réalisé. Ce programme a été testé à l'aide d'une simulation et grâce à l’utilisation des données brutes délivrées par l’appareil Luna OBR 4600. Plusieurs tests du programme de traitement des données brutes de cet instrument ont été réalisés. Les résultats de ces tests peuvent être considérés plutôt comme satisfaisants, étant globalement en bon accord avec les résultats fournis directement par l'instrument commercial OBR 4600. Au-delà, de nombreux exemples d'applications innovantes de la méthode Rayleigh OFDR ont été présentés et illustrés. Parmi ceux-ci, citons, le système de détection de fuites de sodium liquide pour la surveillance de fonctionnement des circuits de refroidissement des réacteurs de génération IV que nous avons élaboré, grâce à cette méthode Rayleigh OFDR, et un prototype industriel d'un tel système proposé. Enfin, l’analyse des points pouvant faire l’objet d’améliorations et/ou de marges de progrès a été menée, et est rapportée en fin de mémoire. / The present PhD thesis have been carried out at the Laboratoire de Mesures Optiques (Optical Measurement Laboratory) based at CEA Saclay Nuclear Research Center, France. It concerns theoretical analysis and experimental realizations of a “distributed Optical Fiber Sensor” based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry using the Rayleigh backscattering phenomena. As the OFS community know, such technology has been developed by the US company Luna Innovations Inc., which keeps carefully secret any details of both the technology involved and the signal processing of such instruments, named OBR (Optical Backscattered Reflectometer). Advantageously, the present Rayleigh-OFDR method provides a very high spatial resolution (in comparison with other methods based on reflectometry, i.e. OTDR, DTS Raman, Brillouin BOTDR and BOTDA…) and so remains extremely sought for many applications, especially for Structural Health Monitoring. In the present PhD thesis the theoretical aspects of the Rayleigh OFDR method has been presented. As a reminder, in order to measure a physical parameter profile along the fiber, it is required to determine two subjects simultaneously: the distance at which the physical parameter is applied (i.e. the sensor address) to the fiber under test, and the amplitude of this parameter (i.e. “the measurement” itself). A relation between the influence of any environment parameter (temperature, strain, etc.) and the fiber core refractive index changes has to be used. These relations have been shown, as far as the hypothesis linked to the theoretical aspects. Two different methods for such measurement have been proposed: first of all the “correlation method” (used by Luna) and second “a tensor-based method”, fully innovative as developed during the present PhD thesis. The correlation method may be considered as more “universal” as based on the measurement of spectral shifts caused by the physical parameter to measure. But, in the same time, we consider it is less accurate, as a systematic error may somehow fail the spectral shift calculation algorithm. The tensor method do not suffer of such systematic error, but it remains only applicable to strain sensing, as based on the elasto-optic effect. Signal processing procedure has been elaborated and tested for both methods, and of course discussed in the manuscript. In the same time, performances of the existing Luna OBR 4600 reflectometer has been tested at Lab. and are reported for both temperature and strain measurements. An optical mock-up for Rayleigh OFDR method has also been developed. A software, dedicated to signal processing has been fully developed either. This program has been tested for simulated sensing signals and for raw data delivered by the Luna OBR 4600 reflectometer. Results of such tests could be considered as satisfactory, even some questions to be solved remains. Finally, some practical examples of Rayleigh OFDR industrial applications have been shown and detailed. Moreover, in such context of real applications on field, an innovative Rayleigh OFDR system devoted to liquid sodium leakage detection around secondary cooling circuitry of generation IV nuclear reactors has been developed and tested on a nuclear installation. An industrial prototype of such measurement system has been elaborated. Finally, way of progress are analyzed and discussed for future R&D activities.
64

Innovative scintillating optical fibers for detecting/monitoring gamma radiation

Jayaprakash, Ashwini. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Physics and Astronomy. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
65

An active core fiber optic gas sensor using a photonic crystal hollow core fiber as a transducer

Tipparaju, Venkata Satya Sai Sarma, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Physics and Astronomy. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
66

Integrated optical fiber laser Raman sensor for cryogenic application

Luanje, Appolinaire Tifang, January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Physics and Astronomy. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
67

Distributed temperature sensing with neodymium-doped optical fiber

Lounsbury, Jimson S. 04 January 2011 (has links)
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are being studied for use as high efficiency power plants in alternative fuel vehicles. To maintain high efficiency the operating temperatures of the membranes in these fuel cells must be closely monitored and controlled. However, the environment inside of the fuel cell is not favorable for traditional temperature sensing, so a new optical-fiber-based, distributed temperature sensor was proposed to address this need. This thesis investigates the properties of neodymium-doped optical fiber for use as a distributed temperature sensor for PEM fuel cells. The optical absorption spectrum was measured to identify the energy band structure and determine upconversion excitation schemes. The temperature coefficient of the Nd³⁺-doped silica fiber fluorescence decay time was measured for several bands of emission. Finally, two-photon upconversion was attempted from the lower excited states of Nd:YAG and Nd:silica. / Graduation date: 2012

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