Le démonstrateur de SuperNEMO est un détecteur de nouvelle génération pour la recherche de la décroissance double bêta sans émission de neutrinos. Comme son prédécesseur NEMO3, la technique expérimentale utilisée associe un trajectographe et un calorimètre afin de pouvoir identifier les électrons des décroissances double bêta tout en permettant la différenciation des différentes composantes du bruit de fond. Le démonstrateur est en cours d’installation au Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane et commencera à prendre des données à la fin de l’année 2017 afin d’atteindre une sensibilité supérieure à 1026 ans sur la demi-vie de la décroissance ββ0ν du 82Se dans la version finale du détecteur (100 kg d’isotopes pour une exposition totale de 5 ans).Ce travail de thèse a consisté à étudier la réponse en énergie et en temps des modules optiques du calorimètre (association d'un scintillateur plastique et d'un photomultiplicateur). Une simulation optique basée sur le logiciel GEANT4 a été développée afin de reproduire l'ensemble des phénomènes optiques ayant lieu au sein du scintillateur et du photomultiplicateur : scintillation, atténuation de Birks, émission Cerenkov, propagation et collection des photons. Ces travaux ont abouti à la mise au point de termes correctifs de hautes précisions sur l’énergie afin que le Monte Carlo de SuperNEMO soit au plus proche des données. Ces corrections ont alors été appliquées dans le cas du démonstrateur afin d’étudier l'impact sur la sensibilité au processus ββ0ν du 82Se. Ces simulations optiques ont également été étendues jusqu’à la modélisation de la forme temporelle des signaux du calorimètre. / The SuperNEMO demonstrator is a next generation experimental device, looking for neutrinoless double beta decay. Like its predecessor NEMO3, the experimental technique employed is based on a combination of a tracker and a calorimeter to identify the electrons from the double beta decay process while allowing the differentiation and identification of the different background components. The SuperNEMO’s demonstrator is currently being installed at the Modane Underground Laboratory and will begin to register data by the end of 2017. The aim is to reach a sensivity greater than 1026 years on the half-life of the 82Se ββ0ν process in the final version of the detector (100 kg of isotopes for a 5 years’ total exposure).This thesis contribution to the SuperNEMO, consisted in studying the energy and time response of the calorimeter optical modules (association of a plastic scintillator and a photomultiplier). To do so, an optical simulation based on the GEANT4 software was developed, which enabled to reproduce and simulate all the optical phenomena inside a scintillator and a photomultiplier: scintillation, Birks attenuation, Cerenkov emission, propagation and photon collection. The outcome and result of this thesis has been to develop high-precision corrective factors on the energy linked, so that the Monte-Carlo’s SuperNEMO is closest to the real data experimental records. These corrections were applied to the demonstrator simulation in order to study the impact on the ββ0ν sensitivity. These optical simulations have also been extended to the modeling of the temporal shape of the calorimeter signals.

abstract: The emergence of perovskite and practical efficiency limit to silicon solar cells has opened door for perovskite and silicon based tandems with the possibility to achieve >30% efficiency. However, there are material and optical challenges that have to be overcome for the success of these tandems. In this work the aim is to understand and improve the light management issues in silicon and perovskite based tandems through comprehensive optical modeling and simulation of current state of the art tandems and by characterizing the optical properties of new top and bottom cell materials. Moreover, to propose practical solutions to mitigate some of the optical losses. Highest efficiency single-junction silicon and bottom silicon sub-cell in silicon based tandems employ monocrystalline silicon wafer textured with random pyramids. Therefore, the light trapping performance of random pyramids in silicon solar cells is established. An accurate three-dimensional height map of random pyramids is captured and ray-traced to record the angular distribution of light inside the wafer which shows random pyramids trap light as well as Lambertian scatterer. Second, the problem of front-surface reflectance common to all modules, planar solar cells and to silicon and perovskite based tandems is dealt. A nano-imprint lithography procedure is developed to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scattering layer carrying random pyramids that effectively reduces the reflectance. Results show it increased the efficiency of planar semi-transparent perovskite solar cell by 10.6% relative. Next a detailed assessment of light-management in practical two-terminal perovskite/silicon and perovskite/perovskite tandems is performed to quantify reflectance, parasitic and light-trapping losses. For this first a methodology based on spectroscopic ellipsometry is developed to characterize new absorber materials employed in tandems. Characterized materials include wide-bandgap (CH3NH3I3, CsyFA1-yPb(BrxI1-x)3) and low-bandgap (Cs0.05FA0.5MA0.45(Pb0.5Sn0.5)I3) perovskites and wide-bandgap CdTe alloys (CdZnSeTe). Using this information rigorous optical modeling of two-terminal perovskite/silicon and perovskite/perovskite tandems with varying light management schemes is performed. Thus providing a guideline for further development. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2019

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) currently advance in the display market due to their unique image quality. Innovations profit from further extraordinary properties such as mechanical flexibility, optical transparency and large area coverage. Despite considerable progress in development, high costs and moderate efficiencies hamper the entry into the lighting market. However, there still is enormous potential for efficiency improvement. Current problems are the work-intensive search for best material combinations and large amounts of trapped light in the flat OLED geometry. This thesis develops novel concepts for improving the efficiency of OLEDs: An optimized fabrication, a systematic evaluation of light outcoupling structures by proposing a new metric, and an examination of efficiency limitations with optical simulations to identify options for action. The optimization of OLEDs is closely related to the properties of the individual molecules, while the fabrication process is often neglected. However, literature has shown that vapor deposited organic glasses can exhibit extraordinary high stabilities when fabricated at the right conditions. The substrate temperature is therefore set to 85 % of the materials conventional glass transition temperature Tg while the deposition rates are kept below < 0.1 nm/s. This concept is adapted and the glass forming molecule TPBi is fabricated as stable host and electron transporter in a simple OLED. Efficiency and lifetime improvement could be achieved with four different phosphorescent emitters. For Ir(ppy)2(acac) the External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) at 100 cd/m² is enhanced from 19.4 to 24.0 % and the lifetime LT 70 at 1,000 cd/m² from 14.8 to 74.2 h, i.e. the time in which the initial luminance drops to 70 % is five times higher. The origin is found in improved radiative and electrical efficiency. This fabrication concept enables an additional optimization path besides material development. Next, the high refractive index of organic materials lead to light confinement through total internal reflection. Many light outcoupling strategies have been developed, but their direct comparison is difficult through the diversity of used structures and OLEDs. This thesis proposes a new efficiency metric, the Efficiency of Light Outcoupling Structures (ELOS), that states the effectiveness of a light outcoupling structure. It weights experimental efficiency enhancement to theoretically maximal gain that is simulated. It was found that a glass half-sphere extracts about 80 % photons from the OLED substrate, while a combination of a diffraction grating with the half-sphere extracts at best 43 % from the whole OLED. The corresponding EQEs are 32.5 % and 36.5 %. The ELOS promotes a systematic search for a universally efficient light outcoupling structures, because it removes misinterpretation through the specifically used OLED. Lastly, optical investigations have found the following statements for bottom-emitting OLEDs: Highest EQEs with external light outcoupling structures are reached for 3/4 λ cavities. EQEs of more than 90 % could be reached with a low refractive index electron transport layer in combination with a high refractive index substrate and ideal external light outcoupling. For top-emitting OLEDs, the thin film interference can be exploited to shift the emission color of sky-blue emitter towards blue. Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.127/0.168) could experimentally be achieved with an emitter that has (0.213/0.374). The color tuning reduces EQE, but therefore exploits higher lifetimes of sky-blue emitters. This opens an alternative to reach deep blue emission besides material development, which is a current challenge for displays. / Organische Leuchtdioden (OLEDs) etablieren sich derzeit im Display-Markt aufgrund ihrer einzigartigen Bildqualität. Innovationen profitieren zudem von weiteren außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften wie z.B. mechanische Flexibilität, optische Transparenz und Großflächigkeit. Obwohl es bereits beträchtliche Weiterentwicklungen gab, erschweren hohe Kosten und moderate Effizienzen den Markteintritt in den Beleuchtungssektor. Dabei gibt es noch enormes Potential für Effizienzsteigerungen. Derzeitige Probleme sind die aufwändige Suche nach den besten Material(-kombinationen) und große Verluste durch Licht, welches im flachen Bauteil verbleibt. In dieser Dissertation werden deshalb neuartige Konzepte entwickelt, um die Effizienzsteigerung voranzutreiben: Eine optimierte Herstellung, eine systematische Untersuchung von Lichtauskoppelstrukturen mittels einer neuen Metrik und die Untersuchung von Effizienzlimitierungen mithilfe von optischen Simulationen, um weitere Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung zu identifizieren. Die Optimierung von OLEDs ist eng verbunden mit der Materialsuche, wobei der Herstellungsprozess oft vernachlässigt wird. Allerdings konnte in der Literatur gezeigt werden, dass aufgedampfte organische Gläser außergewöhnlich stabil sein können, wenn die Herstellungsbedingungen optimiert werden. Dafür muss die Substrattemperatur auf etwa 85 % der gewöhnlichen Glasübergangstemperatur Tg gesetzt werden, während das Material mit niedrigen Raten von < 0,1 nm/s aufgetragen wird. Dieses Konzept wird übernommen für das Glasformer Molekül TPBi, welches als stabile Matrix und Elektronentransporter in einer einfachen OLED realisiert wird. Damit wird eine Effizienz- und Lebensdauerverbessung für vier phosphoreszente Emittermoleküle erreicht. Für Ir(ppy)2(acac) wird die externe Quanteneffizienz (EQE) bei 100 cd/m² von 19,4 auf 24,0 % erhöht und die Lebensdauer LT 70 bei 1000 cd/m² von 14,8 auf 74,2 h, d.h. die Zeit, bis die ursprüngliche Helligkeit auf 70 % fällt, wird verfünffacht. Ursache dafür ist eine verbesserte elektrische Effizienz und Strahlungseffizienz. Diese Herstellungsoptimierung eröffnet neben der Materialsuche eine weitere Möglichkeit für OLED Verbesserungen. Weiterhin führt der hohe Brechungsindex organischer Materialien zu Lichteinschluss im Bauteil durch totale interne Reflexion. Um zusätzliches Licht zu extrahieren, wurden viele Lichtauskoppelstrukturen entwickelt, welche sich jedoch aufgrund der Vielfalt der Strukturen und OLEDs nur schwer vergleichen lassen. Diese Arbeit schlägt eine neue Effizienzgröße vor, die sogenannte Effizienz von Lichtauskoppelstrukturen (ELOS), welche die Effektivität von den Strukturen angibt. Sie vergleicht die experimentell bestimmte mit der maximal erwartbaren Verbesserung, welche mit optischen Simulationen berechnet wird. Damit konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Glashalbkugel etwa 80 % aller Photonen vom OLED Substrat extrahiert, während eine Kombination von Streugittern mit Glashalbkugel bestenfalls 43 % der verbleibenden Photonen in der gesamten OLED extrahiert. Die jeweiligen EQEs sind 32,5 % und 36,5 %. Die ELOS fördert eine systematische Suche nach den universell am besten funktionierenden Lichtauskoppelstrukturen, weil Missinterpretationen durch die jeweilig verwendeten OLEDs verringert werden. Letztendlich haben die optischen Untersuchungen folgende Aussagen für bottom emittierenden OLEDs gefunden: Die höchste EQE mit externen Lichtauskoppelstrukturen werden mit 3/4 λ Kavitäten erreicht. EQEs von mehr als 90 % könnten erreicht werden durch Kombination von niedrigbrechenden Elektronentransportschichten, hochbrechenden Substraten und idealen Lichtauskoppelstrukturen. Für top emittierende OLEDs kann Dünnschichtinterferenz ausgenutzt werden, um die Farbe von himmelblauen Emittern zu tiefblau zu verschieben. CIE Farbkoordinaten von (0.127/0.168) konnten experimentell erreicht werden mit einem Emitter von (0.213/0.374). Die Farbverschiebung verringert zwar die EQE, allerdings kann so die höhere Lebensdauer von himmelblauen Emittern ausgenutzt werden. Damit wird eine Alternative zur Materialsuche geschaffen, um tiefblaue Farbe zu erreichen, was eine derzeitige Herausforderung für Displays ist.

Ground-based gravitational wave detectors are evolving at a rapid pace. In the five minutes that followed the first direct detection of gravitational waves, the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo experiments have been subject to substantial upgrades, increasing their sensitivities by many times and allowing them to detect dozens of other gravitational wave signals. Third-generation ground-based interferometers (Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer) and spaaace-based detectors (such as LISA) are being researched and planned to enter into function in the second half of the next decade. If successful, these experiments will allow the detection of thousands of signals coming from an ever-increasing range of cosmological sources. In the meantime, second-generation interferometers are approaching the conclusion of ambitious upgrades started with the end of the third observing run “O3” in march 2020. The work of this thesis revolves around the planning and the commissioning of the “Advanced Virgo plus” upgrade project, which aims to increase the detector’s sensitivity by a factor of two, allowing a ten times higher detection rate than the previous configuration. In particular, the main topic is the update of the interferometer longitudinal sensing and control scheme required by the upgrade in the detector’s optical configuration. The design and simulation of the new control scheme catried out in constant collaboration with the “Interferometer Sensing and Control” team, started minutes before the actual implementation of the upgrades. Following that, I participated in the full-time commissioning of the upgraded configuration, which started in January 2021 and is currently ongoing. We will first explain the new interferometer configuration, then go into the details of the lock-acquisition procedure, presenting the results of the related simulation studies and the commissioning. A particular focus will also be given to the simulations of the interferometer’s state at the end of the lock acquisition, called “steady-state”. In addition to the study and implementation of the current lock-acquisition procedure, the thesis will present simulation activities to study an alternative lock-acquisition technique that has not yet been implemented.

Le but de ce travail de recherche a été d’une part, de contrôler le procédé d’élaboration decouches minces d’oxynitrures de silicium par pulvérisation cathodique réactive à partir d’une ciblede silicium ; et d'autre part, de déterminer les caractéristiques structurelles et optiques de cescouches minces pour réaliser des multicouches à propriétés antireflets dans le visible. Des films deSiNy et SiOx ont été élaborés et étudiés selon trois procédés de pulvérisation cathodique réactive. Legaz réactif a été introduit soit en continu (procédé convention : CP), soit périodiquement selon uncréneau exponentiel (procédé RGPP). Le troisième procédé de pulvérisation repose sur l'orientationdu substrat dans l'espace tandis que la source de vapeur reste fixe (technique GLAD). Les analysespar spectroscopie d’électrons et par microscopie électronique ont permis de déterminer lacomposition chimique et la morphologie des films. Les caractéristiques optiques ont étédéterminées par spectroscopie UV-visible-PIR. De plus, des simulations numériques sur lespropriétés fondamentales des structures du nitrure et de l'oxyde de silicium ont été effectuées pouressayer de mieux appréhender les comportements optiques de ces films. Au final, ces travaux ontpermis l'élaboration et l'étude d'empilements multicouches SiNy/SiOx à propriétés antireflets dansles longueurs d'onde du visible sur différents substrats. / This work aims at controlling the deposition process of silicon oxynitride thin films by reactivesputtering from a silicon target. It is also focused on some correlations between structural andoptical properties of the films in order to produce antireflective multilayers. SiNy and SiOx films aresputter deposited by three different reactive processes. A continuous reactive gas injection(conventional process: CP) or a periodical supply by means of exponential pulses is implemented(RGPP process). The third process is based on a controlled orientation of the substrate (GLADtechnique). These films are analyzed by electronic spectroscopy and electronic microscopy forcomposition and morphology, respectively. The optical properties are determined by UV-Vis-IRspectroscopy. Moreover, theoretical simulations on structural silicon nitride and oxide areperformed so as to better understand optical properties of the films. Last but not least, this workleads to the growth and study of SiNy/SiOx antireflective multilayers used in the visible range anddeposited on different kind of substrates.

[ES] Desde su creación en la década de 1950, las imágenes tomográficas han resultado muy valiosas en el ámbito médico ayudando tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento de múltiples enfermedades. Dentro de la imagen molecular, los escáneres PET (Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones) generan información detallada de la interacción de los radio-trazadores con el tejido de estudio, pudiendo combinar dicha información con imagen anatómica de escáneres TC (Tomografía Computarizada) o RM (Resonancia Magnética). Con el fin de aumentar las prestaciones de estos equipos, como la sensibilidad y la resolución espacial, los PET de cuerpo completo recientemente aumentan su cobertura axial. Sin embargo, el precio de estos dispositivos se multiplica, dificultando su compra en muchos hospitales y centros de investigación. Como alternativa, los escáneres PET específicos de órganos manejan un menor número de detectores haciéndolos más económicos. El objetivo de este tipo de escáneres es mejorar el rendimiento de los dispositivos acercando los detectores al paciente lo máximo posible, optimizando su diseño para un órgano en específico. Otra ventaja es la posible portabilidad de los aparatos. En esta tesis introducimos dos posibles diseños de PET específicos orientados a distintos órganos y con diferente tecnología y geometría y además un escáner preclínico con una geometría novedosa. El primer escáner fue construido de un proyecto nacional llamado PROSPET, fue diseñado y optimizado para hacer imagen de la próstata, debido a la conocida elevada tasa de cáncer de próstata en hombres. El 17% de la población masculina sufrirá cáncer de próstata. El detector escogido para este diseño está compuesto por cristales centelladores monolíticos acoplados a una matriz de fotomultiplicadores de silicio. Inicialmente se pensó en crear un escáner compuesto por dos palas. Sin embargo, los resultados con pacientes no fueron satisfactorios debido a la falta de información angular y la ausencia de información temporal precisa en los detectores. Por tanto, se construyó una configuración de anillo con un diámetro reducido en comparación con escáneres de cuerpo completo. Se apreció un aumento en la sensibilidad y la resolución espacial, así como una buena calidad de imagen utilizando fantomas. El segundo escáner, llamado proyecto CardioPET, está orientado a visualizar el corazón cuando el paciente está sometido a condiciones de estrés farmacológico. Para este dispositivo se utilizó el diseño de dos palas, pero usando cristales pixelados, mejorando la resolución temporal, permitiendo implantar algoritmos de tiempo de vuelo. Se han montado y testeado dos palas tanto con simulaciones como experimentalmente con buenas prestaciones. Además, se procedió a registrar el movimiento de las fuentes de radiación con el fin de aplicar correcciones de movimiento con la ayuda de una cámara externa y unos marcadores ARUCO. Los algoritmos de corrección de movimiento fueron testeados, demostrando un buen funcionamiento. El último dispositivo fue diseñado para optimizar la configuración PET de anillo lo máximo posible. Para ello, se eliminaron los espaciados entre detectores en un escáner pequeño de animales, creando un único detector centellador de forma cilíndrica. Con esto se busca aumentar la sensibilidad, pues ya no se pierden interacciones en los huecos, y también la resolución espacial. Dos prototipos fueron testeados con simulaciones, y validados experimentalmente. El primero con caras de salida planas y el segundo totalmente cilíndrico. En ambos diseños se observaron efectos debidos a la curvatura del detector que necesariamente han de ser compensados con una calibración. / [CA] Des de la seua creació en la dècada de 1950, les imatges tomogràfiques hi han resultat molt valuoses en àmbit mèdic ajudant tant en el diagnòstic com en el tractament de moltes malalties. Dins de la imatge molecular, els escàners PET (Tomografia per Emissió de Positrons) generen informació detallada de la interacció dels traçadors amb el teixit del pacient, podent combinar aquesta informació amb imatge anatòmica d'escàners TC (Tomografia Axial Automatitzada) o RM (Ressonancia Magnètica). Amb el fi d'augmentar les prestacions d’aquests equips, els PET de cos complet augmenten la seua cobertura axial, multiplicant el preu dels dispositius i dificultant la seua compra en hospitals i centres d’investigació. Com a alternativa, els escàners PET específics d'òrgans utilitzen un menor nombre de detectors resultant així un preu més econòmic. Un altre avantatge és la possible portabilitat dels aparells. En aquesta tesi abordem tres possibles dissenys de PET específics orientats a diferents òrgans i amb diferent tecnologia i geometria. El primer de tots, un projecte nacional denominat PROSPET, ha sigut dissenyat i optimitzat per a fer imatge de la pròstata, ja que és molt coneguda l'elevada taxa de càncer de pròstata en homes. El 17% de población masculina patirà càncer de pròstata. El detector escollit per a aquest disseny està format per cristals centellejadors monolítics acoblats a una matriu de fotomultiplicadors de silici. De primeres es va pensar a crear un escàner compost per dues pales, ja que permetria disposar els detectors molt a prop del pacient. El resultat no va ser molt satisfactori a causa de la falta d'informació angular i l'absència d'informació temporal precisa. Per tant, l'última iteració va consistir en una configuració d'anell amb un diàmetre reduït en comparació amb els escàners de cos complet. Es va observar una millora en la sensibilitat i la resolució espacial, així com una qualitat d'imatge acceptable. El segon dispositiu va ser dissenyat per a optimitzar la configuració d'anell el màxim possible. Per això es van llevar els espaiats entre detectors, creant un únic detector de forma cilíndrica. Amb aquest disseny es busca augmentar la sensibilitat, ja que no es perden interaccions en els espaiats, i també la resolució espacial. Dos prototips van ser testejats amb simulacions i validats experimentalment. El primer amb cares d'eixida planars i el segon totalment cilíndric. En els dos dissenys es va observar efectes deguts a la curvatura del detector que necessàriament ha de ser compensat amb una calibració. L’últim escàner, denominat projecte CardioPET, està orientat a visualitzar el cor durant el pacient quan és sotmés a condicions d'estrés farmacologic. escàner, denominat projecte CardioPET, està orientat a visualitzar el cor durant el pacient quan és sotmés a condicions d'estrés. Es va recuperar el disseny de les pales per aquest dispositiu, però utilitzant cristals pixelats, millorant la resolució temporal. Dues pales van ser muntades i testejades tant amb simulacions com experimentalment amb bones prestacions. A més, es va registrar el moviment de les fonts de radiació amb la fi d'aplicar correcció de moviment amb l'ajuda d'una càmera externa i uns marcadors ARUCO. Els algoritmes de correcció de moviment també van ser testejats, demostrant un bon funcionament. L'últim dispositiu va ser dissenyat per a optimitzar la configuració d'anell el màxim possible. Per això es van llevar els espaiats entre detectors, creant un únic detector de forma cilíndrica. Amb aquest disseny es busca augmentar la sensibilitat, ja que no es perden interaccions en els espaiats, i també la resolució espacial. Dos prototips van ser testejats amb simulacions i validats experimentalment. El primer amb cares d'eixida planars i el segon totalment cilíndric. En els dos dissenys es va observar efectes deguts a la curvatura del detector que necessàriament ha de ser compensat amb una calibració. / [EN] Since their introduction in the 1950-decade, tomographic images have become very valuable in the medical field helping both in diagnostics and in a variety of illnesses treatment. In the molecular imaging field, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) provides accurate information of the radio-tracers interactions with the patient tissue. Moreover, it is possible to combine this information with anatomical images provided by CT (Computed Tomography) or MR (Magnetic Resonance) scanners. With the aim to improve PET systems performance, such as the spatial resolution and the sensitivity, whole body (WB) PET scanners with large axial coverage are recently proposed. However, the system cost increases and, thus, makes difficult their installation in many hospitals or research centers. Organ-dedicated PET scanners, as an alternative to such large systems, use a lower number of detectors, so their price is considerably more economical. The goal of this kind of systems is to boost PET performance by placing the detectors as close as possible to the patient, optimizing the design for a specific organ instead of a large volume. Other advantage of these scanners is their portability. In this thesis we have worked in the design and validation of two organ-dedicated PET scanners with different geometries and technologies, as well as in a novel pre-clinical PET. The first scanner was the result from a national project called PROSPET. A PET system was designed and optimized to image the prostate area. Notice there is a high incidence rate of prostate cancer in the male population. 17% of male population will suffer prostate cancer. For this scanner, the detector modules were composed by a monolithic LYSO scintillation block coupled to a photosensor array based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). The first design configuration was made by two panels. However, patient results were not satisfactory due to the lack of angular information and the poor detector time resolution. Therefore, it was rebuilt in a ring configuration with a reduced diameter in comparison with WB-PET scanners. A high sensitivity and spatial resolution were found, as well as a good image quality using phantoms. The second PET scanner, called CardioPET, also arose from a national grant, and it was implemented to visualize the heart area when the patient is under stress condition. The two panels geometry was also implemented for this system, but using pixelated crystals, therefore improving the detector time resolution and allowing to use time of flight (TOF) reconstruction algorithms. Two panels were mounted and tested with both simulation and experimental data with good results. Furthermore, the patient motion was registered applying movement correction techniques with the help of an external optical camera device and ARUCO markers. These algorithms were tested showing a good performance. The last device that we worked within this PhD thesis was designed to optimize the classical ring PET configuration as much as possible. To do so, the gaps between the detector modules in a small animal PET were eliminated by building a single detector with a cylindrical scintillator shape. The goal is to improve the sensitivity, given that there are no event losses in the gaps and to also boost the spatial resolution since there are not edges. Two prototypes were tested with simulations, and experimentally validated as well. The first of them was built with planar outer faces whereas the second was fully cylindrical. In both designs some effects originated from the detector curvature were observed and successfully corrected during the calibration. / This thesis was supported by a FPI grant under 2017-08582 reference in the PhD program: “Programa de Doctorado en Tecnologías para la Salud y el Bienestar” belonging to the Polytechnic University of Valencia. The grant was supported by the “Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas” together with the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” and the “Fondo Social Europeo”. / Cañizares Ledo, G. (2022). Characterization of Dedicated PET Equipment with Non-Conventional Geometry [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/184977 / TESIS