The aim of this current work is to analyze the behavior of OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) signals of irradiated spices with respect to time, temperature, origin and the type. Throughout the experiments, 3 different type spices from four different origins were stored at 4&deg / C and 25&deg / C for six months after irradiation. During experiments, unirradiated red pepper, thyme and cumin samples were analyzed by using OSL technique in order to determine the background OSL signal values of samples. Samples were irradiated 10 kGy by Cobalt 60 gamma source in TAEK (Turkey Atomic Energy Association). After irradiation process, OSL signal values of different samples were analyzed according to the given parameters. In order to determine the effect of temperature on OSL signal loss, temperature (4&deg / C- 25&deg / C) was set as storage temperature. The analyses were made monthly. According to the statistical analyses (ANOVA- General Linear Model), origin and type of samples were detected as significant parameters of design experiment. Time and temperature effect on OSL signal loss changed with respect to origin and type of samples. After six months storage period, OSL signal was lost for most of the origin and sample type. At the end of sixth month, an ESR analysis was performed to detect the accuracy of the OSL technique. With respect to the results of these experiments, it was seen that, due to optical fading, most of the samples was observed as unirradiated by OSL technique, however ESR analyze the samples as irradiated at the end of sixth month. Irradiation had a detrimental effect on the microbiological load of the samples and resulted 6 log reduction on the microbial population. After irradiation, no colony formation was observed in total bacteria and yeast- mold count. During six month period, no injury recovery was observed.

Luminescence is the emission of light resulting from radiative transition of an atom from an excited state to a ground state. This radiative transition yields emission of photons and the luminescence is the general name which is used to classify &ldquo / cold emission&rdquo / other than the blackbody radiation. Spectroscopy involves the measurement of intensity of emitted, absorbed or scattered electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength. Thus, it is a valuable tool in the study of understanding the luminescence production mechanisms. Measurement of emission spectra gives information about the energy levels of transition and structure, geometry and composition of the sample. In this study, a versatile luminescence emission spectrometer was designed and developed with the main aim of measuring Photoluminescence (PL), Thermoluminescence (TL) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) emission spectra of materials relevant for dosimetry. The spectrometer was constructed around a Littrow type monochromator by developing the necessary hardware, firmware and software. Wavelength calibration, measurement of spectral response and determination of resolution of the spectrometer were done using calibration lamps and a calibrated spectroradiometer. Finally the performance of the constructed spectrometer was tested by measuring the emission spectra of materials such as BeO, Al2O3 and CaF2 wherever possible the measured spectra were compared with the ones reported in the literature.

No description available.

No / This paper presents new chronological data applied to the problem of providing a date for the construction of a prehistoric building, with a case study from the Old Scatness Broch, Shetland. The innovative methodology employed utilises the combination of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates with the archaeological information, which includes the stratigraphic relationships of sampled deposits, context information, and evidence relating to the formation of the deposit. This paper discusses the scientific validity of the dates produced, and the advantages that the methodology employed at this site offers for archaeological interpretation. The combined dating evidence suggests that the broch at Old Scatness is earlier than the conventionally accepted dates for broch construction. More broadly it shows the value of integration of the specialists at the planning stages of the excavation. The application of a Bayesian statistical model to the sequences of dates allowed investigation of the robustness of the dates within the stratigraphic sequences, as well as increasing the resolution of the resulting chronology. In addition, the value of utilising multiple dating techniques on the same deposit was demonstrated, as this allowed different dated events to be directly compared as well as issues relating to the formation of the sampled deposit. This in turn impacted on the chronological significance of the resulting dating evidence, and therefore the confidence that could be placed in the results.

O óxido de alumínio foi um dos primeiros compostos investigados, com vista a detectar e medir a radiação por meio da termoluminescência (TL). Comumente referido como \"alumina\", o óxido de alumínio tem características interessantes para o desenvolvimento de materiais para a dosimetria. Seu número atômico efetivo é intermediário entre o do osso e do tecido mole do corpo. Pode ser transformado em material termoluminescente pela inserção de elementos químicos em sua estrutura cristalina. Além da TL, a alumina pode apresentar luminescência opticamente estimulada (OSL), fenômeno que também pode ser usado para determinar a dose de radiação. Neste estudo, dois métodos foram investigados para inserir íons metálicos na alumina. O primeiro método foi baseado na capacidade de adsorção da alumina e o segundo denominado método da coprecipitação foi baseado na formação simultânea de compostos insolúveis. As amostras obtidas por adsorção de íons Cu2+ e Mn2+ não mostraram resultados satisfatórios. No entanto, as pastilhas de óxido de alumínio impurificado com Tm3+ via coprecipitação mostraram sinais de TL e OSL. Foi verificado também que a alumina eletrofundida disponível comercialmente é um material que apresenta resposta TL e OSL. Este material que contém diversos íons metálicos em sua estrutura foi transformado em pastilhas por sinterização com vidro. As curvas da resposta TL em função da temperatura e da resposta TL e OSL em função da dose foram determinadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que estudos mais aprofundados das pastilhas desenvolvidas podem melhorar suas características para que sejam aplicadas em dosimetria. / The aluminum oxide was one of the former compounds investigated with a view to detecting and measuring radiation by means of the thermoluminescence (TL). Commonly referred to as \"alumina\", aluminum oxide has interesting features for the development of materials for dosimetry. Its effective atomic number has an intermediate value between the bone and soft tissue of the body. It can be transformed into TL material by the insertion of chemical elements in its crystal structure. In addition to the TL, the alumina can provide optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) which can also be used to determine the radiation dose. In this study, two methods were investigated in order to insert metal ions in alumina. The first method was based on the adsorption capacity of alumina and the second named coprecipitation method was based on the simultaneous formation of insoluble compounds. The samples obtained by adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions did not show satisfactory results. However, the aluminum oxide impurified with Tm3+ by coprecipitation showed TL and OSL signals. It was also found that the commercially available electrofused alumina is a material that exhibits TL and OSL. This material that contains various metal ions in its structure was made into pellets by sintering with glass. The TL response curves as a function of temperature and the TL and OSL responses as a function of the dose were determined. The obtained results indicate that further studies of the developed pellets can improve the characteristics in order to be applied in dosimetry.

O óxido de alumínio foi um dos primeiros compostos investigados, com vista a detectar e medir a radiação por meio da termoluminescência (TL). Comumente referido como \"alumina\", o óxido de alumínio tem características interessantes para o desenvolvimento de materiais para a dosimetria. Seu número atômico efetivo é intermediário entre o do osso e do tecido mole do corpo. Pode ser transformado em material termoluminescente pela inserção de elementos químicos em sua estrutura cristalina. Além da TL, a alumina pode apresentar luminescência opticamente estimulada (OSL), fenômeno que também pode ser usado para determinar a dose de radiação. Neste estudo, dois métodos foram investigados para inserir íons metálicos na alumina. O primeiro método foi baseado na capacidade de adsorção da alumina e o segundo denominado método da coprecipitação foi baseado na formação simultânea de compostos insolúveis. As amostras obtidas por adsorção de íons Cu2+ e Mn2+ não mostraram resultados satisfatórios. No entanto, as pastilhas de óxido de alumínio impurificado com Tm3+ via coprecipitação mostraram sinais de TL e OSL. Foi verificado também que a alumina eletrofundida disponível comercialmente é um material que apresenta resposta TL e OSL. Este material que contém diversos íons metálicos em sua estrutura foi transformado em pastilhas por sinterização com vidro. As curvas da resposta TL em função da temperatura e da resposta TL e OSL em função da dose foram determinadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que estudos mais aprofundados das pastilhas desenvolvidas podem melhorar suas características para que sejam aplicadas em dosimetria. / The aluminum oxide was one of the former compounds investigated with a view to detecting and measuring radiation by means of the thermoluminescence (TL). Commonly referred to as \"alumina\", aluminum oxide has interesting features for the development of materials for dosimetry. Its effective atomic number has an intermediate value between the bone and soft tissue of the body. It can be transformed into TL material by the insertion of chemical elements in its crystal structure. In addition to the TL, the alumina can provide optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) which can also be used to determine the radiation dose. In this study, two methods were investigated in order to insert metal ions in alumina. The first method was based on the adsorption capacity of alumina and the second named coprecipitation method was based on the simultaneous formation of insoluble compounds. The samples obtained by adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions did not show satisfactory results. However, the aluminum oxide impurified with Tm3+ by coprecipitation showed TL and OSL signals. It was also found that the commercially available electrofused alumina is a material that exhibits TL and OSL. This material that contains various metal ions in its structure was made into pellets by sintering with glass. The TL response curves as a function of temperature and the TL and OSL responses as a function of the dose were determined. The obtained results indicate that further studies of the developed pellets can improve the characteristics in order to be applied in dosimetry.

The objective of this study is to perform Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating on the ceramic samples from different parts of the Laodikeia by using Infra Red Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) on polyminerals. As a first step, a literature survey has been done about the dating system and the methodology of dating. The calibration of the system was done before carrying out the experiments. The six ceramic samples were collected from the site and dated. The mineral compositions of the samples were examined by X-ray Diffraction Analysis, which showed that all samples contain quartz, feldspars, calcites and together with other minerals. The equivalent dose was found by using Multiple Aliquot Additive Dose (MAAD) and Multiple Aliquot Regenerative Dose (MARD) techniques using Infra Red diode array of the system that gave the IRSL ages for samples. Alpha counter measured the dose components of uranium and thorium contributions to the annual dose. The potassium concentration was determined by Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The cosmic ray component of annual dose was evaluated by the Al2O3:C Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD) discs which have been placed and kept for 8 and 11 months in the site. From the data the IRSL ages were calculated for six ceramic samples LDKY-1, LDKY-2, LDKY-3, LDKY-4, LDKY-5 and LDKY-6 with the help of the OSL system software. The IRSL ages for these samples, in the given order, are 737 &plusmn / 60, 1563 &plusmn / 120, 1445 &plusmn / 110, 1602 &plusmn / 120, 1034 &plusmn / 80 and 1034 &plusmn / 80 years by using MAAD technique. The IRSL ages for the same samples are 870 &plusmn / 60, 1550 &plusmn / 120, 1440 &plusmn / 110, 1600 &plusmn / 120, 1030 &plusmn / 80 and 1030 &plusmn / 70 years by using MARD technique.

Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) is the luminescence emitted from a previously irradiated insulator (or a wide band gap semiconductor) upon exposure to light. The OSL signal intensity is a function of the radiation dose absorbed by the sample and thus can be used as the basis of a radiation dosimetry method. In the literature, OSL studies on natural fluorites are rather limited. In order to promote the material for radiation dosimetry, OSL properties of natural fluorites of different origin were examined in this study. For this purpose, dose-response, reproducibility, thermal stability and fading of the OSL signals were analyzed. In order to find a relation between OSL and TL signals, TL signals and the effect of OSL measurements on TL signals were examined. Thermal activation energies of the light sensitive TL peaks and the OSL signals were also calculated using different methods and the results were compared. Also, absence of the thermal quenching was shown. Finally, TR-OSL signals were measured to have an opinion about the recombination centers. As a result of these studies, it is possible to conclude that natural fluorites show promising features to be used as an environmental dosimeter with regard to a suitable OSL signal, range of linearity, repeatability in response, as well as being readily available at a low cost.

Submitted by Leandro de Godoi Pinton null (lgpgeo@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-28T12:06:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeandroGPinton.Texto.Completo.pdf: 92573539 bytes, checksum: 396e33f24ed85b443feec9a43b8689b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-01T14:19:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pinton_lg_dr_rcla.pdf: 92573539 bytes, checksum: 396e33f24ed85b443feec9a43b8689b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T14:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pinton_lg_dr_rcla.pdf: 92573539 bytes, checksum: 396e33f24ed85b443feec9a43b8689b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar a dinâmica dos processos morfogenéticos do relevo cuestiforme no Quaternário Tardio (Pleistoceno Superior-Holoceno Superior) e no período antrópico recente. Com base nessa avaliação, propôs-se reconstituir a sequência denudativa numa escala de tempo geológico, assim como verificar as implicações da constituição de morfologias antropogênicas na evolução desse compartimento numa escala histórica de tempo. A fim de atender tal objetivo, foram realizadas datações de episódios deposicionais por Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada (LOE) e pelo método do chumbo-210 (210Pb). Ademais, foram elaborados mapeamentos específicos para a obtenção de dados morfoestruturais, geomorfológicos e de uso e cobertura da terra. A bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Cavalheiro – Analândia (SP) – foi selecionada como área de estudo em virtude de sua disposição natural, na transição entre as Cuestas Areníticas-Basálticas e a Depressão Periférica Paulista, associada, ainda, à evolução do uso da terra essencialmente rural. A análise sistêmica entre as idades LOE do material coluvionar com as flutuações paleoclimáticas regionais e o arranjo de feições morfoestruturais e antropogênicas possibilitou a proposição de um modelo evolutivo do relevo cuestiforme, caracterizado pela seguinte sequência denudativa: 1) Primeira fase seca de 30.770 ± 4.930 a 8.000 ± 1.000 anos A.P. (transição do Pleistoceno Superior com o Holoceno Inferior, estendendo-se até o início do Holoceno Médio); 2) Primeira fase úmida de 7.420 ± 980 a 4.500 ± 750 anos A.P. (Holoceno Médio-Superior); 3) Segunda fase seca de 3.940 ± 665 a 2.215 ± 250 anos A.P. (Holoceno Superior) e; 4) Fase antropogênica de 1962 a 2013 (série histórica de 51 anos). A datação dos sedimentos fluviais pelo método do 210Pb foi ineficaz como recurso complementar para o detalhamento da fase antropogênica nas cuestas em razão do predomínio de coberturas sedimentares na composição litopedológica desse compartimento. Todavia, a quantificação das mudanças morfológicas mediante a sistematização de geoindicadores corrobora a ação antropogênica condicionando a esculturação do relevo cuestiforme. A reconstituição paleomorfogenética das cuestas demonstrou que os processos denudativos no Quaternário Tardio (Pleistoceno Superior-Holoceno Superior) e no período antrópico recente se configuram de forma complexa, sendo a sua dinâmica cíclica e poligênica. / The present research aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the morphogenetic processes of the cuesta relief in the Late Quaternary (Upper Pleistocene-Upper Holocene) and in the current anthropic periods. Based on this evaluation, the denudative sequence was reconstituted in a geological time scale, and the implications of the anthropogenic morphology constitution in the evolution of this compartment in a historical time scale were verified as well. In order to achieve this objective, depositional dating were performed through Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and the Pb-210 method (210Pb). In addition, specific morphostructural, geomorphological and land-use/land-cover mapping were performed. The Cavalheiro Stream basin – Analândia (SP) – was chosen as the study area due to its natural distribution, in the transition of the sandstone-basaltic Cuestas and the Paulista Peripheral Depression and the essentially rural land-use evolution as well. The systemic analysis comparing the colluvium material ages (OSL) with the regional paleoclimatic fluctuations and the morphostructural/anthropogenic features arrangement provided an evolutionary model of the cuestas relief, characterized by the following denudative sequence: 1) First dry phase from 30,770 ± 4,930 to 8,000 ± 1,000 years BP (transition between the Upper Pleistocene and the Lower Holocene, extended until the beginning of the Middle Holocene); 2) First wet phase from 7,420 ± 980 to 4,500 ± 750 years BP (Middle-Upper Holocene); 3) Second dry phase from 3,940 ± 665 to 2,215 ± 250 years BP (Upper Holocene); and 4) Anthropogenic phase, from 1962 to 2013 (historical series of 51 years). Fluvial sediments dating through the 210Pb method was inefficient as a complementary resource to detail the anthropogenic phase in the cuestas due to the predominance of sedimentary covers in the lithopedologic composition of this compartment. However, the quantification of the morphological changes in relation with the systematization of the geoindicators corroborates the anthropogenic action on the cuestas relief formation. The cuestas paleomorphogenetic reconstitution demonstrated that the denudative processes in the Late Quaternary (Upper Pleistocene-Upper Holocene) and in the recent anthropic period display a complex configuration, with a cyclic and polygenic dynamics. / FAPESP: 2012/20513-0

This thesis presents an independent, sediment-based record of landscape change within an agricultural hinterland. Established historical and archaeological sequences document the primary occupation of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka’s ancient capital, beginning ca. 400 BC and lasting until it was largely abandoned in AD 1017. Anuradhapura is located in the island’s dry zone, which depends almost completely on the unpredictable Northeastern Monsoon for water. Oral history and historical narratives have long held that large-scale irrigated rice cultivation took place in the hinterland to produce an agricultural surplus that sustained the urban and monastic populations. However, until the onset of the Anuradhapura Hinterland Project in 2005, the archaeological record of the hinterland was undocumented, leaving existing narratives untested. The geoarchaeological research presented here was undertaken as part of the Hinterland Project, in order to document the chronology and cultural and environmental processes that contributed to the formation of this irrigated landscape. Optical dating of sediments demonstrates that the onset of large-scale irrigation began ca. 400 BC, and the construction of new works continued until Anuradhapura’s late occupation period. Sampled reservoirs and channels began to infill, indicating widespread disuse, within ca. 100 years of Anuradhapura’s abandonment. Soil micromorphology and bulk sediment characterisation document hinterland habitation, water management, and cultivation activities prior to the establishment of large-scale irrigation. This work illustrates the coping strategies that people employed to deal with the vagaries of the dry zone environment and demonstrates that hinterland land use changed throughout the primary occupation period. Although largescale irrigation works infilled relatively rapidly, cultural activity and land use re-emerged following this period of disuse.