Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Centre for Micro-Photonics, 2007. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 146-162.

Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Centre for Micro-Photonics, 2008. / Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 104-118.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Photonic lattices consisting of arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides fabricated with precisely controlled parameters have enabled the study of discrete optical phenomena, both classical and quantum, and the simulation of other physical phenomena governed by the same dynamics. In this dissertation, I have experimentally demonstrated transverse Anderson localization of classical light in arrays with off-diagonal coupling disorder and investigated theoretically and experimentally the propagation of entangled photon pairs through such disordered systems. I discovered a new phenomenon, Anderson co-localization, in which a spatially entangled photon pair in a correlated transversally extended state localizes in the correlation space, though neither photon localizes on its own. When the photons of a pair are in an anti-correlated state, they maintain their anti-correlation upon transmission through the disordered lattice, exhibiting Anderson anti-localization. These states were generated by use of parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal. The transition between the correlated and anti-correlated states was also explored by using a lens system in a configuration intermediate between imaging and Fourier transforming. In the course of this research, I discovered a curious aspect of light transmission through such disordered discrete lattices. An excitation wave of a single spatial frequency (transverse momentum) is transmitted through the system and is accompanied by another wave with the same spatial frequency but opposite sign, indicating some form of internal reflection facilitated by the disordered structure.

No description available.

This work describes the use of a broadband spectral source for nonlinear spectroscopy to characterize various materials with potential applications in confocal microscopy, biological sample markers, optical limiting devices and optical switches. The goal is to study the spectrum of nonlinear absorption and the dispersion of nonlinear refraction as well as the dynamics of the nonlinearities by means of femtosecond excite-­probe experiments. The principle is quite simple: if a sample is under the influence of a strong fs excitation pulse and a pro be pulse beam is incident at the same time, or shortly after (within the decay time of the nonlinearity), then the probe pulse will sense the nonlinearity induced by the excitation. If the probe pulse is broadband, a femtosecond white-light continuum (WLC) in our case, we can monitor the nonlinearity induced over the entire continuum spectrum in one laser "shot". The use of femtosecond laser pulses to generate WLC will provide femtosecond time resolution for time-resolved spectroscopy. We built the nonlinear spectrometer and allowed for many degrees of flexibility in terms of choice of wavelengths for pump and probe beams and a dual detection system to cover both visible and infrared spectral ranges. We have the possibility of performing broad band spectral measurements using a spectrometer or selected narrow bandwidth probes incident on Si or Ge photodiodes for improved S/N ratios. The intrinsic properties of the continuum probe demand a careful characterization of its spatial and temporal profile. Know ledge of the dispersion of the index of refraction in various optical elements, including the sample itself, is also required for a correct analysis of the transient absorption raw data, especially for short time-scale dynamics of nonlinear processes. We tested the system using well-characterized semiconductor samples, and the results came out in excellent agreement with those from previous picosecond Z-scan measurements and theoretical modeling. With confidence, we can now measure various organic dyes with enhanced two-photon and excited-state absorption. Our setup is used to conduct a systematic study on similar compounds with modified molecular structures in order to learn about structure-property relations and draw guidelines for future design work.

No / This is a comprehensive study of a large range of biometric and optical parameters in people with type 1 diabetes. The parameters of 74 people with type 1 diabetes and an age matched control group were assessed. Most of the people with diabetes had low levels of neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. Marginal or no significant differences were found between groups for corneal shape, corneal thickness, pupil size, and pupil decentrations. Relative to the control group, the diabetes group demonstrated smaller anterior chamber depths, more curved lenses, greater lens thickness and lower lens equivalent refractive index. While the optics of diabetic eyes make them appear as older eyes than those of people of the same age without diabetes, the differences did not increase significantly with age. Age-related changes in the optics of the eyes of people with diabetes need not be accelerated if the diabetes is well controlled.

Ultra-short and high-peak-power laser pulses have important industrial and scientific applications. While direct laser amplification can lead to peak powers of several million watts, higher values than these cannot be achieved without causing damage to the amplifier material. Chirped pulse amplification technique is thus invented to break this barrier. By temporally stretching pulses before entering amplifier, the pulse peak power is significantly reduced and thus becomes safe to be passed through the amplifier. After amplification, a compressor is used to recover the pulse width, and high-power ultra-short laser pulses are produced. Chirped pulse amplification technology increases the pulse energy by transferring the damaging effects of high-peak power laser pulses from the vulnerable amplifier to a relatively robust compressor system. The compressor is therefore a crucial device for producing high peak powers. However, there are some major drawbacks associated with it. First, compressors in high-energy laser system are usually over 1 cubic meter in size. For many applications, this large and cumbersome size is a limiting factor. Second, compressors are sensitive to outside disturbances; a little misalignment can lead to failure of pulse compression process. Third, gratings with large uniformly ruled area are difficult to fabricate, which impose a limit on achievable peak powers and pulse durations of laser pulses through the use of conventional compressors. In this project, we present a grating-based monolithic optical compressor that offers a way around some of the major problems of existing compressors. By integrating the key optical components, one can make a robust and monolithic compressor that requires no alignment. In the new scheme, folding the optical path with reflective coatings allows one to design a compressor of significantly reduced size by minimizing both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the device. The configuration and operation mechanism of this novel compressor are described. A method for calculating the volume of the compressor is investigated. This is validated by computing the size of a specific monolithic compressor. Simulation results obtained through finite-difference time-domain method are presented, proving that the new compressor provides a compact, portable, and robust means for temporally compressing long duration pulses.

QC 351 A7 no. 57 / A normalization of the Delano y,ÿ diagram is proposed in which the y heights are normalized by the entrance pupil height, the heights by the image height. The normalization constants are expressed in terms of the system parameters, and it is seen that the reduced distances become normalized by the focal length of the system, the marginal ray reduced angles by the numerical aperture of the system, the chief ray angles by the field aperture, and the powers by the total power of the system. It is also shown that any number of refractions and transfers will not affect this normalization, but a stop or conjugate shift will destroy it and renormalization then becomes necessary.

QC 351 A7 no. 66 / This volume is intended to be used as a text for two courses at the Optical Sciences Center. A major part of the volume consists of lecture notes on the theory of laser operation, written by M. O. Scully and M. Sargent III. These notes, developed under NSF sponsorship for a new quantum optics curriculum at the University of Arizona, were the basis of a new course "Quantum Optics," which was first offered during the 1969-70 academic year. After considerable editing they were again used during "The Physics of Quantum Electronics" summer course in Prescott, June 22 - July 3, 1970. The remainder of the volume consists of unpublished work presented at Prescott, most of which will be utilized in a new course on nonlinear optics. References are given to material presented that has already appeared in print.