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En aquest treball s'analitza el procés de disseny des d'una perspectiva metodològica general. Aquest enfocament condueix de forma natural al concepte de disseny òptim i a la seva formulació com un problema de Programació Matemàtica. En aquests termes es planteja la realització de l'anàlisi de sensibilitat de primer i segon ordre i es discuteix la aplicabilitat del mètode d'estat adjunt com alternativa al mètode de diferenciació directa. Amb aquests plantejaments s'aborda l'optimització de la forma i les dimensions d'estructures contínues, duent a terme l'anàlisi estructural mitjançant el Mètode d'Elements Finits. La formulació es desenvolupa completament per problemes en règim estàtic i lineal i s'indiquen les implicacions de la seva extensió a problemes no-lineals. Per la realització de l'anàlisi de sensibilitat (de primer ordre i d'ordre superior) es desenvolupa un nou procediment -exacte des del punt de vista analític i ben fonamentat matemàticament- que permet unificar els problemes clàsicament diferenciats d'optimització de dimensions i d'optimització de formes. Finalment, es proposa un algorisme de Programació Matemàtica específic per aquest tipus de problemes. Tot això es concreta en la realització d'un potent i versàtil sistema de disseny asistit per ordinador basat en el Mètode d'Elements Finits, en la que la seva eficàcia, fiabilitat i robustesa es posen de manifest mitjançant la solució de diversos problemes d'optimització estructural. / En este trabajo se analiza el proceso de diseño desde una perspectiva metodológica general. Este enfoque conduce de forma natural al concepto de diseño óptimo y a su formulación como un problema general de Programación Matemática. En estos términos se plantea la realización del análisis de sensibilidad de primer y segundo orden y se discute la aplicabilidad del método de estado adjunto como alternativa al método de diferenciación directa. Con estos planteamientos se aborda la optimización de la forma y de las dimensiones de estructuras continuas, realizando el análisis estructural mediante el Método de Elementos Finitos. La formulación se desarrolla completamente para problemas en régimen estático y lineal y se indican las implicaciones de su extensión a problemas no lineales. Para la realización del análisis de sensibilidad (de primer orden y de orden superior) se desarrolla un nuevo procedimiento -exacto desde el punto de vista analítico y bien fundamentado matemáticamente- que permite unificar los problemas clásicamente diferenciados de optimización de dimensiones y de optimización de formas. Finalmente, se propone un algoritmo de Programación Matemática específico para este tipo de problemas. Todo ello se concreta en la realización de un potente y versátil sistema de diseño asistido óptimo por ordenador basado en el Método de Elementos Finitos, cuya eficacia, fiabilidad y robustez se ponen de manifiesto mediante la solución de diversos problemas de optimización estructural. / In this work the design process is analyzed from a general methodological point of view. This approach leads naturally to the concept of optimum design and to its statement in terms of a general Mathematical Programming problem. In these terms, the first and second order sensitivity analysis is stated and the applicability of the adjoint state method as an alternative to the direct differentiation method is discussed. Following this approach the general problem of structural sizing and shape optimization is addressed, being the structural analysis performed by means of the Finite Element Method. The formulation is enterely developed for linear static problems and its further extension for the treatment of non-linear problems is briefly analyzed. A new unified procedure -exact from the analytical point of view and mathematically well founded- is proposed for the first and higher order sensitivity analysis of both, the structural sizing and shape optimization cases. Finally, a suitable Mathematical Programming algorithm is proposed to solve this kind of problems. Following all these ideas, a powerfull and versatile computer aided optimum design system is developed on the basis of the Finite Element Method. The efficiency, reliability and robustness of the system is demonstrated by solving several application problems of structural optimization.

In this study, three different programs are developed for the analysis of the three-phase induction motor, single-phase capacitor type induction motor and switched reluctance motor. The programs are developed by using Pascal and C++ programming languages. In the performance calculations of motors, analytical methods are used and these methods are tested for accuracy. These programs have also capabilities to design an optimum motor, which meets a set of performance, material and manufacturing constraints while minimizing the weight or any other defined objective function. In addition, in this study, an optimization tool is used to obtain an appropriate optimization method for the design of different types of motors. The software is tested over different commercial motors. The results illustrates that the performance calculations and optimization approach of the programs lead to good results.

The implant surgery replaces missing tooth to regain functionality and look of the normal tooth after dental operation. Improper placement of implant increases recuperation periods and reduces functionality. The aim of this thesis is to design a passive haptic robotic arm to guide dentist during the implant surgery. In this thesis, the optimum design of the 6R passive haptic robotic arm is achieved. The methodology used in optimization problem involves minimization of end-effector side parasitic forces/torques while maximizing transparency of the haptic device. The transparency of haptic device is defined as realism of forces generated by device in real world compared to forces in virtual world. The multivariable objective function including dynamic equations of 6R robotic arm is derived and the constraints are determined using kinematic equations. The optimization problem is solved using SQP and GA. The link lengths and other relevant parameters along with the location of tool path are optimized. The end-effector parasitic torques/forces are significantly minimized. The results of two optimization techniques have proven to be nearly the same, thus a global optimum solution has been found in the search space. Main contribution of this study is to take spatial nonlinear dynamics into consideration to reduce parasitic torques. Also, a mechanical brake is designed as a passive actuator. The mechanical brake includes a cone based braking system actuated by DC motor. Three different prototypes are manufactured to test performance of the mechanical brake. The final design indicates that the mechanical brake can be used as passive actuators.

The purpose of this thesis has been to convert two softwares called TPCAD (Three Phase Induction Machine Computer Aided Desing) and SPCAD (Single Phase Induction Machine Computer Aided Design) developed earlier for the design and analysis of three and single phase induction machines to meet the needs of motor manufacturing industry so that they can be run in windows environment. Furthermore, it was aimed to include features such as double cage motor analysis and design, to provide a facility designed motor lamination can be drawn for the user to see and facilitate sharing the designed lamination with other professional programs such as finite element analysis or thermal analysis etc. As a result of this study, a user friendly design tool facilitating the design process of induction motors has been upgraded by using C++ Microsoft Visual Studio .Net programming language. TPCAD and SPCAD are tested with different commercial motors. The results show that the full load performance calculations are within the range of 5% error for both programs. However, starting performance calculation errors are within 10% for TPCAD, and 8% for SPCAD.

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