The commercial CFD software STAR-CCM+ is applied as a RANS solver for comparison with potential flow methods in the calculation of vertical plane radiation and diffraction problems.  A two-dimensional rectangular cylinder oscillating in an unbounded fluid is first considered, and the added mass result shown to agree well with the analytical potential flow solution.  Hydrodynamic coefficients are then determined for the cylinder oscillating in heave and sway about a calm free surface.  Predicted values are observed to coincide with available experimental and linear potential flow results for most amplitudes and frequencies of oscillation examined.   A three-dimensional radiation problem is then studied in which 1-DoF heave and pitch motions are prescribed to the ONR Tumblehome hullform in calm water at zero forward speed and Fn 0.3.  Combinations of amplitude and frequency of oscillation ranging from small to large are considered.  Results are compared with several potential flow codes which utilize varying degrees of linearization.  Differences in the force and moment results are attributed to particular code characteristics, and overall good agreement is demonstrated between RANS and potential flow codes which employ a nonlinear formulation.  The ONR Tumblehome is next held static in incident head waves of small and large steepness and zero forward speed or Fn 0.3.  Force and moment time histories of the periodic response are compared with the same set of potential flow codes used in the radiation problem.  Agreement between potential flow and RANS is reasonable in the small wave steepness case.  For large wave steepness, the nonlinear wave response is seen to be important and the RANS solution does not generally agree well with potential flow results. / Master of Science

This thesis work started as an attempt to create a computational tool to model hydrodynamics problems involving lifting flows. The method employed to solve the problem is potential flow theory. Despite the fast evolution of computers and the latest developments in Navier-Stokes solvers, such as the Ranse methods; potential flow theory offers the possibility to create or use existing computational tools, which allow us modeling hydrodynamics problems in a simpler manner. Navier-Stokes solver can be very expensive from the computational point of view, and require a high level of expertise in order to achieve reliable models. Based on the above, we have developed a lifting flow modeling tool that we hope can serve as the starting point of a more elaborated method, and a valuable alternative, for the solution of different hydrodynamics problems. Key words highlighting important concepts related to this thesis work are: Vortex, circulation, potential flow, panel methods, Sources, doublets.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_lhg_me_ilha.pdf: 1993240 bytes, checksum: b09e517d41877144e2a7b2634fd5fd55 (MD5) / Realiza-se a formulação matemática do escoamento potencial no interior de contrações bidimensionais usando sistemas de coordenadas cartesianas e cilíndricas. Para tal considera-se que as geometrias das contrações sejam bidimensionais no sistema de coordenadas cartesianas e bidimensionais com simetria axial no sistema de coordenadas cilíndricas. A formulação é adaptada a partir das equações tridimensionais de Euler em coordenadas cartesianas e cilíndricas, fazendo-se as hipóteses de bidimensionalidade, regime permanente, fluido invíscido e escoamento irrotacional. O formalismo diferencial do escoamento potencial no interior de contrações bidimensionais é formalmente resolvido utilizando-se a Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada – TTIG – cuja fundamentação está na expansão de funções-quadrado-integráveis em séries de funções ortogonais. Desenvolveu-se algoritmos computacionais, em linguagem computacional Fortran 95, para simular as soluções formais obtidas e produzir resultados numéricos que possibilitassem a análise do escoamento potencial nas referidas contrações. Realizou-se extensivos testes numéricos para quatro famílias de geometrias das contrações, sendo que cada família ainda possuía diferentes funções modeladoras do formato de suas paredes, bem como os parâmetros razão e esbeltez e razão de contração. Analisou-se os resultados visando sintetizar aspectos e características de como as contrações operam e que formatos são mais adequados ou não / It was done the mathematical formulation for potential flow inside two-dimensional contractions using both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems. To achieve such aim it was considered that contraction geometries are two-dimensional in the Cartesian coordinate system and two-dimensional with axial symmetry in cylindrical system. Formulation is adapted from tri-dimensional Euler equations in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems, doing hypothesis such as: two-dimensionality, steady flow regime, inviscid fluid and irrotational flow. Differential formulae that models potential flow inside two-dimensional contraction is formally solved using Generalized Integral Transform Technique – GITT – which is based upon orthogonal series expansion of square-integrable functions. It was developed some computational algorithms, using Fortran 95 computational language, to simulate the obtained formal solutions and to produce numerical results that allows potential flow analysis for referred contractions. It was done comprehensive numerical tests for four families of contraction geometries, being that each family yet has different contraction wall modeling functions, as well length and contraction ratios. Results were analyzed aiming to synthesize aspects and characteristics of how contractions operate and which forms are more adequate or not

Although ships have been used for thousands of years, modeling the dynamics of marine craft has historically been restricted by the complex nature of the hydrodynamics. The principal challenge is that the vehicle motion is coupled to the ambient fluid motion, effectively requiring one to solve an infinite dimensional set of equations to predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a marine vehicle. Additional challenges arise in parametric modeling, where one approximates the fluid behavior using reduced-order ordinary differential equations. Parametric models are typically required for model-based state estimation and feedback control design, while also supporting other applications including vehicle design and submarine operator training. In this dissertation, Lagrangian mechanics is used to derive nonlinear, parametric motion models for marine craft operating in the presence of a free surface. In Lagrangian mechanics, one constructs the equations of motion for a dynamic system using a system Lagrangian, a scalar energy-like function canonically defined as the system kinetic energy minus the system potential energies. The Lagrangian functions are identified under ideal flow assumptions and are used to derive two sets of equations. The first set of equations neglects hydrodynamic forces due to exogenous fluid motions and may be interpreted as a nonlinear calm water maneuvering model. The second set of equations incorporates effects due to exogenous fluid motion, and may be interpreted as a nonlinear, unified maneuvering and seakeeping model. Having identified the state- and time-dependent model parameters, one may use these models to rapidly simulate surface-affected marine craft maneuvers, enabling model-based control design and state estimation algorithms. / Ph. D.

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Une modélisation efficace et une connaissance précise du comportement mécanique du cœur du réacteur sont nécessaires pour estimer les effets de l'excitation sismique sur une centrale nucléaire. La présence d'un écoulement d'eau (dans les REP) engendre des phénomènes d'interaction fluide structure. La modélisation des interactions fluide structure sur les assemblages combustible revêt donc une importance fondamentale pour la sécurité des réacteurs nucléaires. L’objectif principal du projet de thèse présenté dans ce document est d’étudier les interactions fluide structure afin de mieux comprendre les phénomènes impliqués. La modélisation et l'approche expérimentale sont considérées. Un nouveau modèle linéaire simplifié pour les interactions fluide structure est développé en utilisant la théorie de l'écoulement potentiel pour la modélisation des forces fluide, tandis que le modèle de poutre d'Euler-Bernoulli est utilisé pour la partie structurelle. Le modèle est d'abord développé pour un seul cylindre et il est validé avec des ouvrages de référence dans la littérature. Les effets de la taille de confinement et du nombre d'onde sont examinés. Le modèle d'écoulement potentiel développé pour un seul cylindre est ainsi étendu à une géométrie multicylindre. La démarche expérimentale est donc nécessaire pour valider le modèle développé. Une nouvelle installation expérimentale, ICARE, a été conçue pour étudier les phénomènes d’interaction fluide structure sur des assemblages combustible à demi-échelle. Dans ce document, les résultats fournis par les mesures de déplacement et de LDV sont largement analysés. Le comportement dynamique de l'assemblage combustible et les effets de couplage sont étudiés. Les calculs sont comparés aux résultats expérimentaux afin de valider le modèle et d’en analyser ses limites. Le modèle est en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux concernant l'effet de masse ajouté. De plus, le modèle prédit qualitativement les effets des couplages dans différentes directions. Par contre, le modèle d'écoulement potentiel ne permet pas de prédire des effets d'amortissement ajouté, principalement dus aux forces visqueuses. Enfin, dans ce document, une autre application du modèle développé est décrite. Le modèle est utilisé afin de simuler des expériences réalisées sur une maquette d'assemblage combustible dans l'installation expérimentale installée à l'Université George Washington (GWU). Le modèle est capable de prédire et de fournir une interprétation valide de la perturbation du débit d'eau due au mouvement de l'ensemble excité. La thèse se termine par des perspectives d'amélioration du modèle, en intégrant des termes visqueux dans les équations. L'analyse des données de vélocimétrie par image de particules (PIV) recueillies au cours des campagnes expérimentales ICARE doit être poursuivie. / Efficient modelling and accurate knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the reactorcore are needed to estimate the effects of seismic excitation on a nuclear power plant. Thepresence of cooling water flow (in PWRs) gives rise to fluid structure interaction phenomena.Modelling of fluid structure interactions on fuel assemblies is thus of fundamentalimportance in order to assure the safety of nuclear reactors. The main objective of thePhD project which is presented in this document is to investigate fluid structure interactionsin order to have a better understanding of the involved phenomena. Both modellingand experimental approach are considered. A new simplified linear model for fluid structureinteractions is developed by using the potential flow theory for fluid force modellingwhile the Euler-Bernoulli beam model is used for the structural part. The model, is firstdeveloped for a single cylinder and it is validated with reference works in literature. Theeffects of the confinement size and of the wavenumber are investigated. The potential flowmodel developed for a single cylinder, is thus extended to a multi cylinders geometry. Theexperimental approach is thus needed in order to validate the developed model. A newexperimental facility, ICARE, is designed in order to investigate fluid structure interactionphenomena on half scale fuel assemblies. In this document, the results provided bydisplacement and LDV measurements are widely analysed. The dynamical behaviour ofthe fuel assembly and coupling effects are investigated. Calculations are compared to theexperimental results in order to validate the model and to analyse its limits. The model isin agreement with experimental results regarding the added mass effect. In addition, themodel qualitatively predicts couplings effects on different directions. As a drawback, thepotential flow model cannot predict added damping effects, which are mainly due to viscousforces. Finally in this document another application of the developed model is described.The model is used in order to simulate experiments performed on a surrogate fuel assemblyin the experimental facility installed at George Washington University (GWU). The modelis able to predict and to provide a valid interpretation for the water flow perturbation dueto the motion of the excited assembly. The thesis concludes with perspectives for furtherimprovements of the model, by integrating viscous terms in the equations. Work needs tobe carried out on the analysis of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data collected duringICARE experimental campaigns.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the execution and validity of various predictive methods used in the design of the aerodynamic pod housing NASA’s Marshall Airborne Polarimetric Imaging Radiometer (MAPIR) on the University of Tennessee Space Institute’s Piper Navajo research aircraft. Potential flow theory and wing theory are both used to analytically predict the lift the MAPIR Pod would generate during flight; skin friction theory, empirical data, and induced drag theory are utilized to analytically predict the pod’s drag. Furthermore, a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was also created to approximate the aerodynamic forces acting on the pod. A limited flight test regime was executed to collect data on the actual aerodynamic effects of the MAPIR Pod. Comparison of the various aerodynamic predictions with the experimental results shows that the assumptions made for the analytic and CFD analyses are too simplistic; as a result, the predictions are not valid. These methods are not proven to be inherently flawed, however, and suggestions for future uses and improvements are thus offered.

Borders of flow field around immersed bodies can be extended to long distances since there are no physical boundaries. In computational practice however, the flow domain must be restricted to a reasonable size by imposing appropriate boundary conditions at the edges of the computational space. In this thesis work, streamlines obtained from potential flow solution in a relatively large spatial domain are utilized to specify the boundaries and boundary conditions for a more restricted computational domain to be used for detailed viscous flow computations. A grid generation code is adopted for generation of unstructured triangular grid systems for domains involving multiple immersed bodies of any shape at arbitrary orientations such as a group of tall buildings in horizontal plane. Finite volume method is used in the solution of Laplace equation for the stream function. A deformation modulus is introduced as a probe parameter to aid locating the viscous flow boundaries. The computer code acts as a preprocessor for viscous flow computations, specifying the computational boundaries, the boundary conditions and generating the computational grid.

Orientador: João Batista Aparecido / Banca: Cassio Roberto Macedo Maia / Banca: Alcides Padilha / Resumo: Realiza-se a formulação matemática do escoamento potencial no interior de contrações bidimensionais usando sistemas de coordenadas cartesianas e cilíndricas. Para tal considera-se que as geometrias das contrações sejam bidimensionais no sistema de coordenadas cartesianas e bidimensionais com simetria axial no sistema de coordenadas cilíndricas. A formulação é adaptada a partir das equações tridimensionais de Euler em coordenadas cartesianas e cilíndricas, fazendo-se as hipóteses de bidimensionalidade, regime permanente, fluido invíscido e escoamento irrotacional. O formalismo diferencial do escoamento potencial no interior de contrações bidimensionais é formalmente resolvido utilizando-se a Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada - TTIG - cuja fundamentação está na expansão de funções-quadrado-integráveis em séries de funções ortogonais. Desenvolveu-se algoritmos computacionais, em linguagem computacional Fortran 95, para simular as soluções formais obtidas e produzir resultados numéricos que possibilitassem a análise do escoamento potencial nas referidas contrações. Realizou-se extensivos testes numéricos para quatro famílias de geometrias das contrações, sendo que cada família ainda possuía diferentes funções modeladoras do formato de suas paredes, bem como os parâmetros razão e esbeltez e razão de contração. Analisou-se os resultados visando sintetizar aspectos e características de como as contrações operam e que formatos são mais adequados ou não / Abstract: It was done the mathematical formulation for potential flow inside two-dimensional contractions using both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems. To achieve such aim it was considered that contraction geometries are two-dimensional in the Cartesian coordinate system and two-dimensional with axial symmetry in cylindrical system. Formulation is adapted from tri-dimensional Euler equations in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems, doing hypothesis such as: two-dimensionality, steady flow regime, inviscid fluid and irrotational flow. Differential formulae that models potential flow inside two-dimensional contraction is formally solved using Generalized Integral Transform Technique - GITT - which is based upon orthogonal series expansion of square-integrable functions. It was developed some computational algorithms, using Fortran 95 computational language, to simulate the obtained formal solutions and to produce numerical results that allows potential flow analysis for referred contractions. It was done comprehensive numerical tests for four families of contraction geometries, being that each family yet has different contraction wall modeling functions, as well length and contraction ratios. Results were analyzed aiming to synthesize aspects and characteristics of how contractions operate and which forms are more adequate or not / Mestre