In this article, the authors explain the type of treatment the Call Spread options should be given. They argue that these should be treated as a unique derivative and not as one compound by two independent elements. Likewise, they outline the premium as an inherent element in the determination of any gains or losses from the financial options that it is decided to adopt. As an important point, they claim that adopting one specific side about the treatment of the Call Spread options and the premium implies having a viewpoint about their determination in the Income Tax. / En el presente artículo, los autores explican el tipo de tratamiento que se debería dar a las opciones Call Spread. Sostienen que debería ser tratado como un derivado único y no como uno compuesto por dos elementos independientes. Asimismo, señalan a la prima como un elemento inherente a la determinación de las eventuales ganancias o pérdidas definitivas generadas por las opciones financieras que se decida adoptar. Como punto importante, indican que adoptar una posición específica sobre el tratamiento de las opciones Call Spread y de las primas supone una posición sobre su determinación en el Impuesto a la Renta.

This thesis deals with stock options as a form of executive compensation of a joint stock company. The aim of the thesis was to clarify the reasons that lead companies to decide to reward the executive with stock options, to find out what positive and negative consequences such a decision has, to present the legal regulation of stock options in the legal system of the Czech Republic and Germany and to compare these legal regulations. The most common reasons for rewarding executives with stock options are the desire to align the interests of shareholders and executives, the desire to retain key members of the executive, the desire to reduce risk aversion on the part of the executive, advantageous tax regulation or the desire to maintain high cash flow. Rewarding with stock options can also be used as a tool for the natural selection of executives according to their attitude to risk, which rewarding with stock options provides. If the option agreement does not contain a sufficiently long vesting period, retention period, dividend protection and an exercise price linked to an appropriate market index, the granting of stock options, rather than aligning the interests of shareholders and executives, may lead to a fixation on short-term performance, undue risk- taking or exacerbation of the free cash...

[pt] A natureza intermitente da geração eólica combinada com a conhecida volatilidade dos preços de eletricidade expõe as Empresas de Energia Eólica (WPCs) comprometidas com contratos de longo prazo aos chamados riscos de preço e quantidade. Vários instrumentos foram desenvolvidos nos últimos anos para mitigar essa exposição ao risco. No entanto, a maioria deles foi construído para lidar apenas com uma das partes, ou seja, a incerteza de preço ou geração. Para enfrentar essa questão, neste trabalho, propomos um instrumento derivativo customizado para as WPCs, aproveitando os princípios de opções e índices renováveis. A eficácia e atratividade do instrumento proposto, denominado Opção Eólica (WInd-Op), são avaliadas com dados reais do setor brasileiro por meio de um modelo de equilíbrio geral. Mostramos que as Empresas de Energia Solar (SPCs) podem ser candidatas relevantes para respaldar esses derivativos. Além disso, quando comparado com as opções tradicionais de compra e venda, usadas como referência, os resultados indicam que o equilíbrio obtido com o novo derivativo apresenta um volume total de negociação significativamente maior, preços de prêmio mais baixos e maior bem-estar geral. / [en] The intermittent nature of wind generation combined with the wellknown volatility of electricity spot prices expose Wind Power Companies (WPCs) committed to long-term forward contracts to the so-called price-andquantity risk. Several instruments were designed in the past years to mitigate this risk exposure. However, most of them were mainly constructed to cope with only one of its parts, i.e., price or generation uncertainty. To tackle this issue, in this work, we propose a tailored derivative instrument for WPCs leveraging the principles of options and renewable indexes. The effectiveness and attractiveness of the proposed instrument, referred to as the Wind-Indexed Option (WInd-Op), are evaluated with real data from the Brazilian sector through a general equilibrium setup. We show that Solar Power Companies (SPCs) can be relevant candidates to back these derivatives. Additionally, when compared to the traditional put-and-call options as a benchmark, the results indicate that the equilibrium obtained with the new derivative exhibits a significantly higher total traded volume, lower premium prices, and greater overall welfare.