Multiple myeloma is characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, producing monoclonal immunoglobulin. It accounts for 17% of hematologic malignancies in the US. Diagnosis is often suspected in the setting of bone lytic lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia or renal failure. Rarely, multiple myeloma can present with soft tissue involvement which can be difficult to diagnose. Below we present one such presentation. Our patient is a 53-year-old who was initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma six years back when he presented to hospital with back and right leg pain. On admission he was found to have multiple lytic lesions involving the appendicular and axial skeleton. On further workup, bone marrow biopsy showed 30% plasma cells with IgG kappa monoclonal protein elevation. Patient was diagnosed with ISS stage II multiple myeloma. He was treated with standard regimen with Velcade, Revlimid and dexamethasone with excellent response. Patient was evaluated for stem cell transplant however did not qualify for it due to social challenges. Patient was continued on maintenance therapy with Velcade and Revlimid for 8 cycles prior to clinical relapse with lytic lesions in the C-spine. At this point patient was switched to different therapeutic regimen with pomalidomide, carfilzomib and dexamethasone and had excellent response for 35 cycles on this regimen. Patient had interruption in treatment for 3 months due to other medical comorbidities. A repeat bone marrow biopsy which was done in November of 2019 revealed extensive bone marrow involvement with 70% plasma cells concerning for relapse. Patient was started on single agent daratumumab in December 2019 however had a difficult course interrupted by right-sided abdominal pain, persistent nausea and decreased appetite requiring hospital admission. Further workup revealed a 2.7 cm lesion in the liver as well as a 4.9 x 7.3 cm T11 left paraspinal soft tissue mass. Biopsy of the liver lesion revealed sheets of kappa restricted abnormal plasma cells concerning for progression of disease. Given the involvement of the visceral organ and the extent of his disease, it was decided to switch patient's treatment from single agent daratumumab to a multi agent chemotherapy regimen with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin. Patient received his 1st cycle inpatient and had marked symptomatic improvement and was discharged home. His M-protein spike reduced from 3.9 to 1.8 g/dl post once cycle of treatment. Soft tissue involvement by multiple myeloma is rare event. Though malignant plasma cells may diffusely infiltrate the liver parenchyma, the nodular spread is unique. In review by Talamo et al, out of 2,584 patients with MM, only 11 had liver plasmacytomas. This phenomenon is driven by lack of expression of adhesion molecules, increased heparanase-1 expression and loss of chemokine receptors on myeloma cells. Such alterations in cell architecture lead to more aggressive disease behavior. At present time treatment for this unique patient population does not differ from other MM cases. It is important for clinicians to recognize the possibility of such event.

Urinary bladder paraganglioma (UBP) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm. It accounts for less than 1% of urinary bladder tumors and less than 6% among all types of paragangliomas. More commonly, UBP occurs in the female population aged 20-40 years old. UBP is classified into functional and non-functional types, and the majority is functional, leading to symptoms and signs of excess catecholamine, including hypertension, palpitation, syncope, and headache. Non-functional UBP comprises about 15% of UBPs and lacks the excess secretion of catecholamine, which often leads to misdiagnosis as urothelial cancer due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms - increased urinary frequency/urgency and painless gross hematuria. Here, we present a rare case of a non-functional UBP. A 65-year-old male with BPH presented to ER with a 6-month history of urinary retention. He also was experiencing intermittent hematuria and dysuria during this time but otherwise remained asymptomatic without headache, dyspnea, wheezing, or diarrhea. Physical exam showed normal BP and no suprapubic tenderness on palpation. UA showed gross hematuria. Subsequent cystoscopy showed thickening of the bladder dome and an 8 mm lesion. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed, and pathology showed 1 cm tumor confined to submucosa with questionable margins. Chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, GATA3, CD10 were stained positive; cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 34betaE12, SOX10, S100, and calretinin were negative. From morphology and immunochemistry, the diagnosis of UBP was made. Free metanephrine, plasma normetanephrine, 24-hour urine metanephrine and normetanephrine levels were not elevated. Post-TURBT MRI abdomen showed no other suspicious lesions. A wide re-resection of the bladder dome was performed due to the questionable margins from the initial surgery, and pathology showed benign bladder tissue with unremarkable immunostains, indicating no overt features of residual paraganglioma. Due to its paucity and uncertain biological behavior, the prognosis of UBP is not well established. While most UBP are benign, 10-15% of cases are malignant. High expression of VEGF and or abnormal vessel architecture in the tumor cells raise suspicion of malignancy. However, typically, definitive evidence of malignancy in paraganglioma is its invasion of adjacent organs or distant metastasis. The local recurrence rate ranges from 5-15%, thus necessitating long-term surveillance for 10-years. Systemic chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dacarbazine (CVD), or temozolomide, is necessary for distant metastatic or symptomatic disease. Iobenguane I-131 or Lutathera can be utilized with positive MIBG or 68Ga DOTATATE scan, respectively. Otherwise, surgical extirpation remains the choice of curative intent, and a multidisciplinary approach consisting of urologists, medical/radiation oncologists, and endocrinologists would be warranted for this rare entity of disease.

Women’s subjugation to the objectification of men is a traced theme throughout the history of Western culture. In this thesis presentation, the attributes of the male gaze will be explored via the patriarchal pioneers of literature: Dante to Petrarch to Shakespeare. The solidification of the male gaze takes place during the late middle ages as Dante Alighieri writes an infatuated love for Beatrice throughout La Vita Nuova and Inferno, demonstrating the virgin-whore dichotomy between Francesca. Similarly, Francesco Petrarch’s poetry of Rime Sparse describes the objectification and dismantling of woman for erotic pleasure and patriarchal power. The shift from early to late renaissance displays William Shakespeare’s presentation of women in Titus Andronicus, Othello, and Hamlet as a denunciation of women through the male gaze. These themes of patriarchy developed throughout historic literature will help us analyze media advertisements today as women are silenced, dismembered, and exhibited through the male gaze.

Depuis plusieurs décennies, la catalyse par les métaux de transition est devenue un outil incontournable pour la synthèse organique. Chaque année, des milliers de publications décrivent le développement de nouvelles réactions effectuées en présence de complexes organométalliques. Le premier chapitre de ce manuscrit présente une comparaison générale de la réactivité des métaux du groupe 11 (Cu, Ag, Au), avec une attention particulière sur leur capacité à réaliser des réactions d’activation électrophile (Au) ou des transferts de nucléophiles (Cu). Des exemples représentatifs sont donnés pour illustrer ces concepts. Dans la seconde partie, la synthèse d’allènes et d’énones trifluorométhylés par catalyse à l’or(I) est détaillée. Une méthode générale de préparation d’allènes-CF3 a été développée par un transfert d’hydrure-1,5 induit par un complexe d’or(I). Les limites de la méthode ainsi que certaines applications des produits sont décrites. Dans la même idée, un réarrangement-[3,3] d’acétates propargylique catalysé par l’or(I) a été appliqué à la synthèse d’énones-CF3. L’incorporation de cette méthode dans un processus monotope avec une réaction de Diels-Alder est également présentée. La troisième partie est centrée sur les réactions de borofonctionnalisation d’allènes catalysées par le cuivre(I). Les récents développements de ce domaine sont passés en revue, et notre contribution à ce sujet est détaillée. Enfin, un travail préliminaire sur l’élaboration d’un processus monotope impliquant une catalyse coopérative cuivre(I)/or(I) est présenté. / During the last decades, transition metal catalysis has become an essential tool in organic synthesis. Each year, thousands of publications report the development of new reactions mediated by metal complexes. This manuscript depicts our contribution to this field. The first chapter presents a general comparison of the reactivity of coinage metals (Cu, Ag, Au) complexes in catalysis, with a special focus on their ability to perform electrophilic activation (Au) or nucleophilic transfer (Cu) reactions. Representative examples are given to illustrate these concepts. In the second part of the manuscript, the synthesis of trifluoromethylated allenes and enones by gold(I) catalysis is reported. A general method for the preparation of CF3-allenes has been developed based on a gold(I)-mediated 1,5-hydride shift. The scope and limitations of the method, as well as some subsequent transformations of the products are described. Using similar substrates, a gold(I)-catalyzed [3,3]-acetate rearrangement was applied to the preparation of CF3-enones. The employment of this method into a one-pot procedure involving a subsequent Diels-Alder reaction is also reported. The third part focuses on the copper(I)-catalyzed borofunctionalization of allenes. The recent reports from the literature are reviewed, and our contributions to this area of research are described through the study of a new copper(I)-catalyzed allene boroacylation method. Finally, preliminary results on the elaboration of a copper(I)/gold(I) catalytic one-pot process are presented.

The Johnson Creek watershed, Portland, Oregon, has undergone urbanization at an increasing rate. Excessive flooding has occurred in the lower portions of the watershed, resulting in an estimated 1.5 million dollars worth of flood losses annually. In attempts to mitigate the flooding damages millions of dollars have been spent to channelize the creek, and over 200 thousand dollars has been spent during the last 20 years on preliminary feasibility studies alone. The author saw a need to verify that there has been a change in the rainfall-runoff relationships in the upper Johnson Creek basin since 1941 and to quantify this change through the analysis of key hydrologic parameters. To accomplish this , extensive background research was conducted to gather as much extant information as possible about the climatic and physiographic characteristics that affect the basin hydrology. The watershed was found to have many distinct physiographic sub-areas comprised of different underlying geology, soils, geomorphic areas, slopes, vegetation patterns, and land use types that result in a complex interaction between the watershed input {precipitation) and the watershed output (runoff at the stream gage).

Common Ravens (Corvus corax L.) have been implicated as significant predators on the eggs of waterfowl and shorebirds on Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Malheur Refuge, located in southeastern Oregon on the northern edge of the Great Basin, is one of the largest waterfowl refuges in the United States and is an important breeding area for waterfowl. In order to provide fundamental information on which a sound raven management plan could be based, research was conducted from 1975-1977 on aspects of population density, brood phenology, nesting success, seasonal use of the study area, roosting behavior, and food habits of ravens on and near the refuge. Nesting density was determined to be one pair per approximately 25 km2 . Most nests occurred in rimrocks, but trees and abandoned human structures were also used. Investigation of 87 nests revealed that the incubation period was 21 + 1 days. Incubation began with the laying of the first egg; hatching was asynchronous. Nesting period was 41 + 3 days. An original method of age-classing ravens is described. A total of 266 ravens was marked with patagial tags. Observation of marked individuals as far as 480 km from the study area suggests considerable mobility in the population. Population numbers vary seasonally, peaking in the winter. The Harney Basin is the location of an exceptionally large winter roost for ravens. Analysis of food remains, collected from 34 nests, indicates that ravens have varied diets and that there are significant differences in the diets of ravens nesting in different habitats. A correlation exists between the proportion of the diet that is avian material and the proximity of the raven nest to waterfowl production areas. Based on these findings, suggestions are offered for a management plan for Common Ravens on Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.

This thesis addresses the relationship between art and society by examining the production of culture on the Oregon Federal Art Project (FAP) of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The author examines the social conditions and decision-making processes which shaped the art that was produced and determined who produced and who consumed the art of the FAP. Also examined are the changing social relations of art prior tCI), during, and after the WPA's Federal Art Project. The research for the thesis utilized inductive methods of research aimed at theory construction rather than theory testing, although theoretical questions guided the gathering and analysis of data. Most of the data were obtained from primary sources, including interviews with fifteen people who had varying degrees of familiarity with the Oregon FAP; letters of correspondence, memos, and other primary documents on the Oregon FAP were used extensively. Secondary sources supplemented these primary sources by providing an overview of the national FAP and providing comparative data on the New York City FAP. An important factor in the establishment of the national FAP was the political activism of artists, particularly in New York. In Oregon, where only a handful of artists were politically active, the upper class administrators of the FAP seemed to have had more autonomy in shaping the direction of the program. It is argued that in many cases the goals of the FAP, to provide employment for artists on relief and to use the skills of these people to create socially useful projects, were undermined due to the orientations and inclinations of administrators and business sponsors of the projects who emphasized the professional art aspect of the FAP rather than the relief, socially useful aspect of the project. Nevertheless, the Oregon FAP brought about a change in the social relations among the artist and the art audience; not only was art made more available to the Oregon public through the public display of art works, and through the free instruction of art at community art centers, but artists, themselves, were for the first time employed to exchange their labor, as artists, for a wage. In this sense, the FAP was seen as a kind of "cultural revolution," although an examination of the social relations of art following the 1930s reveals that the cultural revolution took the form of an entrepreneurial, petit bourgeois revolution, rather than the socialistic revolution many artists had hoped for. It is suggested that the nature of this revolution stems, in part, from the characteristics of the FAP, where artists were government employees, yet were administered by a bureaucracy staffed by an elite which traditionally had been the patrons of art. The conclusions of this thesis are stated in the form of tentative propositions that await further testing in subsequent comparative studies of the FAP.

This thesis is composed of five oil paintings and four synthetic paintings. The works are arranged in a sequence beginning with distant over views of the city and progressing toward more immediate views. Techniques change also, from the suggestive impressionistic mode, a style I explored in my early years of art education, to a studied application of large, solid, simplified shapes of color. In my work, realism is sacrificed for a decorative arrangement of color patterns. From this creative experience I have reached conclusions about art education and my responsibility as an art instructor. Motivation is essential when introducing all art projects. Students presented with interesting background material are more likely to present an acceptable work of art. Critical thinking plays an important role in the teaching of art. I conclude that if the students consider all possible alternatives before making a final decision, there will be a higher degree of artistic quality. A general knowledge of the development of art and its great men is a vital part of art instruction. I feel that a student with an awareness of the past and its influence upon today’s art movements is better equipped to deal with artistic problems or demands. Last, my research has aided me in establishing this educational objective: to involve the students in learning experiences which would cause a deeper understanding of both art media and subject matter.

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