Doctor of Philosophy / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

Doctor of Philosophy / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

A longitudinal pilot study to compare, in children with reduced overbite malocclusions associated with oral habits (finger-sucking and tongue-thrusting), the effects of the experimental Myofunctional Trainer (MFT; Myofunctional Research Co.) and the conventional Bluegrass appliance (BG) on dento-alveolar relations, tongue position, and on speech. Methods: The experimental group received the MFT appliance while the control group received the BG appliance. Dento-alveolar changes were assessed by cephalometry and study models. Longitudinal midsagittal 2-dimensional B-mode ultrasound scans of the tongue surface were performed to determine tongue position. Speech acceptability tests were also performed. Results & Conclusions: The BG appliance was successful in breaking the finger-sucking habit. The MFT appliance showed only partial success which could be attributed to lack of compliance. At the end of treatment, the open bite was reduced in both groups due to dento-alveolar changes. The BG appliance had a deleterious effect on speech acceptability while in place, while there was no such effect with the MFT appliance.

A longitudinal pilot study to compare, in children with reduced overbite malocclusions associated with oral habits (finger-sucking and tongue-thrusting), the effects of the experimental Myofunctional Trainer (MFT; Myofunctional Research Co.) and the conventional Bluegrass appliance (BG) on dento-alveolar relations, tongue position, and on speech. Methods: The experimental group received the MFT appliance while the control group received the BG appliance. Dento-alveolar changes were assessed by cephalometry and study models. Longitudinal midsagittal 2-dimensional B-mode ultrasound scans of the tongue surface were performed to determine tongue position. Speech acceptability tests were also performed. Results & Conclusions: The BG appliance was successful in breaking the finger-sucking habit. The MFT appliance showed only partial success which could be attributed to lack of compliance. At the end of treatment, the open bite was reduced in both groups due to dento-alveolar changes. The BG appliance had a deleterious effect on speech acceptability while in place, while there was no such effect with the MFT appliance.

Orientador: Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T00:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leme_MarinaSeveri_M.pdf: 3261030 bytes, checksum: 6c3ff4c4dafa5a33ebaae08955edb277 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo : A função orofacial inclui ações vitais do organismo, postura muscular (como posicionamento de lábios e língua) e atua como base para a interação social em relação à fala, a comunicação emocional, a expressão facial e a aparência. Desta forma, a disfunção orofacial pode ser severamente debilitante e pode comprometer o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida desde a infância, o que evidencia a relevância da compreensão da influência de fatores individuais e ambientais na relação saúde/qualidade de vida. O objetivo desta dissertação foi traduzir o instrumento The Nordic Orofacial Test - Screening (NOT-S), que avalia disfunções orofaciais, para a língua portuguesa, realizar a adaptação transcultural e a validação em crianças brasileiras e investigar a relação entre disfunção orofacial e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHQoL) e a influência dos hábitos na OHQoL e nível de ansiedade. O instrumento foi submetido às seguintes etapas: tradução para português (Brasil), tradução reversa, revisão por comitê, pré-teste (n=20), validação (n=332) e teste re-teste (n=50). A comparação entre o instrumento original e o resultado da tradução reversa mostrou forte concordância entre ambos. O comitê revisor acrescentou palavras e frases e substituiu advérbios e palavras por sinônimos para facilitar o entendimento. Para o pré-teste, a cada um dos itens do instrumento foi acrescentada a alternativa "não entendi" ou "não aplicável", duas questões (IIA e a IVB) tiveram um índice de respostas "não entendi" de 15%, foram reformuladas pelo comitê e novamente aplicadas em 20 crianças, e, a partir disso, o índice de resposta "não entendi" foi nulo. O escore da amostra total variou de 0 a 7. O escore 0 ocorreu em 5% da amostra e o mais freqüente foi o escore 3; o escore médio foi 2,64. Os domínios mais freqüentes foram o III (Hábitos) e IV (Mastigação e Deglutição), com 70 e 50%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença nos escores do NOT-S entre gêneros, porém a dentição mista apresentou valores significativamente maiores. A concordância intraexaminador foi 97,8%, comparando-se a primeira e a segunda (re-teste) aplicação do NOT-S. Para avaliação da associação entre disfunção orofacial e OHQoL, 325 crianças e adolescentes, de 8 a 14 anos de idade, foram avaliados quanto à disfunção orofacial (usando o protocolo NOT-S) e responderam questionários de OHQoL (usando o Child Perceptions Questionnaires - CPQ 8-10 and CPQ11-14). Os participantes foram distribuídos em grupos, de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: idade (8-10 e 11-14 anos), hábitos deletérios (com hábitos - ao responder sim a questão III do NOT-S - e sem hábitos - ao responder não à questão) e gênero (feminino e masculino). A maioria da amostra consistiu do grupo de hábitos (71,2%), os escores do CPQ foram maiores nos grupos 11-14 (p< 0,0001), hábitos (p< 0,0001) e gênero feminino (p< 0,001). A ansiedade não variou entre o grupo hábitos e sem hábitos, porém foi maior no gênero feminino. A correlação entre os escores do NOT-S e CPQ foi r>0,30 e p< 0,0001. A versão em português do NOT-S foi considerada traduzida e validada para o Português, sugerindo associação entre disfunção orofacial e OHQoL. Os hábitos bucais, embora não tenham tido influência na ansiedade, influenciaram a OHQoL, / Abstract : Orofacial function includes vital actions, muscle posture (e.g., mouth and tongue posture) and acts as basis for social interaction in terms of speech, emotional communication, facial expression and appearance. In this way, orofacial dysfunction can be severely disabling and can compromise well-being and quality of life since childhood, and this evidence the importance of understanding the individual and ambiental factor influence on the relation health/quality of life. The objective of this work was to translate the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) protocol, which assesses orofacial dysfunction, into Brazilian Portuguese and to apply the protocol to a sample of Brazilian children and adolescents (8 to 14 years old) and to investigate the relationship between orofacial dysfunction and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) and the habits presence influence on OHQoL and anxiety levels. The instrument underwent the following steps: translation to Brazilian Portuguese, back translation, committee review, pre-test (n=20), application on a sample (n=332, divided in mixed and permanent dentition) and test re-test (n=50). The comparison of the original version with the back-translated showed great agreement. The committee added words and phrases and substituted adverbs and words by synonymies to make easier to understand. For pre-test, to each item was added the alternative "I don't understand" or "not applicable", two questions (IIA and IVB) had a rate of 15% of answers "I don't understand", were rewritten by the committee and reapplied on a sample of 20 children, and, in this way, the rate of answers "I don't understand" was nonexistent. NOT-S scores on all sample ranged from 0 to 7, score 0 had a rate of 5% and mean score was 2.64. The most frequent domain were III (Habits) and IV (Chewing and Swallowing) with a rate of 70 and 50%, respectively. No difference between genders was seen in relation to orofacial dysfunction, but the mean scores were higher in mixed than permanent dentition. The rate of intraexaminer agreement was 97.8% comparing first and re-test application. For assessment of the relationship between orofacial dysfunction and OHQoL, children and adolescents (n= 325; 8 to 14 years old) were assessed for orofacial dysfunction (NOT-S protocol) and fulfilled questionnaires of OHQoL (using the Child Perceptions Questionnaires - CPQ 8-10 and CPQ11-14) and anxiety (using the What I think and Feel scale. They were subdivided in groups based on age (8 to 10 and 11 to 14-year olds), habits (Habit, by answering yes to domain III of NOT-S; and Habit-free, by answering no to domain III) and gender (females and males). The majority of the sample was classified into the Habit group (71.2%). CPQ means scores were higher in the 11 to 14-year-old (p< 0.0001), Habit (p< 0.0001) and female (p< 0.001) groups. Anxiety level did not vary between Habit and Habit-free group but was higher in females than males (p< 0.001). The correlation between NOT-S and CPQ scores was r>0.30 and p< 0.0001. Our findings suggest a strong correlation between orofacial dysfunction and OHQoL and high impacts on OHQoL in the female, Habit and 11 to 14-year-old groups. / Mestrado / Odontopediatria / Mestre em Odontologia

Alcohol use disorders are a public health issue related to adverse effects for individuals and society. A low level of response, or decreased sensitivity, to alcohol has been identified as a heritable risk factor for development of alcohol use disorders. One method for researching level of response to alcohol is through the use of rodent models, which are developed to mimic human conditions while eliminating barriers to conducting research with people. Current rodent models used to evaluate effects of ethanol on motor performance have been criticized for not being well matched to human tasks that measure level of change in body sway after alcohol consumption. This study looks at oromotor behavior as a potential alternative to gross motor performance in hopes of increasing correspondence between human and rodent measures of intoxication. To evaluate rodent oromotor performance a force transducer lickometer is used to measure several dimensions of licking behavior after administration of different concentrations of ethanol solution via gavage. Results show that force of licking is not sensitive to dose of ethanol. The total number of licks per session show dose related decreases and licking rhythm, evaluated by the length and distribution of interlick intervals, either increased or decreased for three of the four subjects. Recommendations are made for procedural modifications in order to reduce variability in data and further investigate oromotor performance and level of response to alcohol.

Existem muitas afirmações de que a função nasorrespiratória comprometida pode exercer efeitos indesejáveis sobre a morfologia do complexo dentoesquelético. A presente investigação buscou verificar as influências da respiração bucal crônica sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento dentofacial em idades mais precoces. O autor avaliou 73 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 3 e 6 anos. Após o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico quanto à respiração, 44 crianças respiradoras bucais e 29 respiradoras nasais foram comparadas no que se refere ao padrão morfológico da face (analisado por meio de radiografia cefalométrica lateral) e características oclusais (analisadas nos modelos de estudo). Os resultados desse estudo permitiram concluir que as medidas do padrão esquelético, SN.GoGn, Ar-Go, BaN.PtGn, apresentaram-se diferentes nos respiradores bucais, quando comparados aos nasais, indicando tendência ao padrão dolicofacial. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto ao relacionamento ântero-posterior dos maxilares. Com relação às características oclusais, somente a distância intermolares apresentou correlação significativa, indicando estreitamento do arco maxilar nos respiradores bucais. Entretanto, não houve comprovação estatística de diferenças entre os dois grupos quanto as variáveis: distância intercaninos, relação ântero-posterior de caninos, plano terminal dos segundos molares decíduos, overbite, overjet, mordida aberta anterior e presença de mordida cruzada posterior. Conseqüentemente, sugere-se o restabelecimento da respiração nasal, assim que diagnosticado qualquer tipo de alteração na função respiratória. / There are many claims that abnormal nasorespiratory function can lead to undesirable effects on the dentofacial complex morphology. This investigation sought to verify the influences of cronic mouth breathing on dentofacial growth and development in early age children. The autor evaluated 73 children , both sexes, ranging in age from 3 to 6 years. After the otorrinolaryngologic breath diagnosis, 44 mouth breathing children and 29 nasal breathing were compared according to facial morphology pattern (which were analysed with lateral cefalometric radiograph) and oclusal caracteristics ( analysed on study casts). This data supports the conclusion that SN.GoGn, BaN.PtGn, Ar-Go, skeletal pattern measurements, were different when mouth and nasal breathing were compared, indicating a tendency to dolichofacial pattern. There were no significant differences between the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillares on both groups. According to oclusal caracteristics only the intermolar distance presented significant correlation, showing narrow maxillary arch on mouth breathing subjects. However, there were no statistics correlations between the two groups refering to : intercanine distance , anteroposterior canine relationship, second deciduous molar terminal plane, overbite, overjet, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Therefore, the restauration of nasal breathing should be emphasized as soon as the diagnosis of any alteration of respiratory function is obtained.

Kosovo saknar ett fungerande tandvårdssystem och det ges inga förebyggande åtgärder vilket påverkar munhälsan. För att upprätthålla en god munhälsa krävs en god munhygien och goda kostvanor. Idag finns det många barn och ungdomar som kommer från Kosovo till Sverige, och därför är det intressant att ta reda på om hur ungdomarnas munhygien-, kost- och tandvårdsvanor ser ut i Kosovo. Syfte med studien var att undersöka munhygien- och kostvanor samt tandvårdsvanor hos 16-19 åringar i Prishtina, Kosovo. Material och metod: Studien är en kvantitativ empirisk studie som utfördes med en enkät som innehöll 17 frågor med fasta svarsalternativ. I studien ingick 150 elever i åldrarna 16-19 från två utvalda gymnasieskolor i Prishtina, Kosovo. Resultatet visade att mer än hälften av respondenterna borstade tänderna två gånger per dag, morgon och kväll med tandborste och tandkräm och cirka 80 % använde något approximalt hjälpmedel. Knappt hälften av respondenterna (43 %) intog 5 mål om dagen och de flesta av respondenterna åt frukost, lunch och middag varje dag. Respondenterna hade ett högt intag av sötsaker. Vad gäller tandvårdsvanor var det 70 % som inte besökte tandläkaren regelbundet. Slutsats: Respondenterna hade relativt goda munhygien- och kostvanor men dåliga tandvårdsvanor. / The lack of a functioning dental care system in Kosovo and preventive actions affects the oral health. Good oral habits and good dietary habits are important to maintain a good oral health. Today there are many children and young people living in Sweden, who originally are from Kosovo; therefore it is interesting to investigate young people's oral hygiene, dietary and dental habits in Kosovo. The aim of the study was to investigate the oral habits, dietary habits and dental care habits among students 16-19 years old in Prishtina, Kosovo. Material and methods: The study is a quantitative empirical study. A questionnaire including 17 questions was conducted at two selected secondary schools in Prishtina, Kosovo. A total of 150 students participated. The results showed that more than half of the respondents brushed their teeth twice a day, morning and evening with toothbrush and toothpaste, and about 80 % of the respondents used proximal devices. Less than half of the respondents (43 %) consumed five meals a day and most of the respondents ate breakfast, lunch and dinner daily. The respondents had a high intake of sweets. Regarding dental care habits, 70 % of the respondents did not visit the dentist regularly. Conclusion: The respondents had relatively good oral habits and dietary habits but had bad dental care habits.

Existem muitas afirmações de que a função nasorrespiratória comprometida pode exercer efeitos indesejáveis sobre a morfologia do complexo dentoesquelético. A presente investigação buscou verificar as influências da respiração bucal crônica sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento dentofacial em idades mais precoces. O autor avaliou 73 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 3 e 6 anos. Após o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico quanto à respiração, 44 crianças respiradoras bucais e 29 respiradoras nasais foram comparadas no que se refere ao padrão morfológico da face (analisado por meio de radiografia cefalométrica lateral) e características oclusais (analisadas nos modelos de estudo). Os resultados desse estudo permitiram concluir que as medidas do padrão esquelético, SN.GoGn, Ar-Go, BaN.PtGn, apresentaram-se diferentes nos respiradores bucais, quando comparados aos nasais, indicando tendência ao padrão dolicofacial. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto ao relacionamento ântero-posterior dos maxilares. Com relação às características oclusais, somente a distância intermolares apresentou correlação significativa, indicando estreitamento do arco maxilar nos respiradores bucais. Entretanto, não houve comprovação estatística de diferenças entre os dois grupos quanto as variáveis: distância intercaninos, relação ântero-posterior de caninos, plano terminal dos segundos molares decíduos, overbite, overjet, mordida aberta anterior e presença de mordida cruzada posterior. Conseqüentemente, sugere-se o restabelecimento da respiração nasal, assim que diagnosticado qualquer tipo de alteração na função respiratória. / There are many claims that abnormal nasorespiratory function can lead to undesirable effects on the dentofacial complex morphology. This investigation sought to verify the influences of cronic mouth breathing on dentofacial growth and development in early age children. The autor evaluated 73 children , both sexes, ranging in age from 3 to 6 years. After the otorrinolaryngologic breath diagnosis, 44 mouth breathing children and 29 nasal breathing were compared according to facial morphology pattern (which were analysed with lateral cefalometric radiograph) and oclusal caracteristics ( analysed on study casts). This data supports the conclusion that SN.GoGn, BaN.PtGn, Ar-Go, skeletal pattern measurements, were different when mouth and nasal breathing were compared, indicating a tendency to dolichofacial pattern. There were no significant differences between the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillares on both groups. According to oclusal caracteristics only the intermolar distance presented significant correlation, showing narrow maxillary arch on mouth breathing subjects. However, there were no statistics correlations between the two groups refering to : intercanine distance , anteroposterior canine relationship, second deciduous molar terminal plane, overbite, overjet, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Therefore, the restauration of nasal breathing should be emphasized as soon as the diagnosis of any alteration of respiratory function is obtained.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Maria Alves Granja.pdf: 716474 bytes, checksum: 0382da007244c9978954a6fb94ee60bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: In the beginning of the nineties, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) established the Declaration of Innocent, instituting many measures to promote breastfeeding . Researchers indicate that prematurely stopping breastfeeding is connected to the presence of oral habits such as sucking a pacifier or finger. (Lamounier 2003, Chaves2007). Objective: Describe and relate ways of feeding and oral habits in babies of one to six months who participate in a program of speech pathologic intervention in a basic unit of health in the County of Itapecerica da Serra-SP. 1.Method:Casuistic 19 mothers and their babies were attendant between January 2005 to December 2010. 2.Procedure: The study was done using medical records that had been in systematized forms. The information contained the type of food the infant had and the presence or absence of oral suction in early intervention up to 6 months and 29 days of life. The results were submitted using statistical analysis. Results: In the end of intervention, the majority of babies (89.5%) were breastfeeding. And all (100%) don´t show any who were demonstrating proper oral habits were breastfeeding. Conclusion: There was a significant statistical association between breastfeeding and the lack of habits of oral suction (P=0,012) in the population studied. These results suggest that speech pathologic intervention in approach biopsychic influence the prevalence of breastfeeding in comparison with artificial breastfeeding and the reduction of oral habits of nutritive suction not nutritive in the period / Introdução: No início da década de 90, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e o Fundo das Nações Unidas (UNICEF) elaboraram a Declaração de Innocenti , contendo uma série de medidas para promover o aleitamento materno (AM). Pesquisas assinalam que o desmame precoce está associado, entre outros fatores, à presença de hábitos orais de sucção (HOS) nutritiva (mamadeira) e não nutritiva (chupeta, dedo) (LAMOUNIER, 2003; CHAVES, 2007). Objetivo: descrever e relacionar modalidades de alimentação e HOS em lactentes de 01 a 06 meses, que participaram de um programa de intervenção fonoaudiológica em uma unidade básica de saúde do município de Itapecerica da Serra/ SP. Método: 1. Casuística: 19 díades de lactantes e seus lactentes atendidos entre janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010. 2. Procedimento: Seleção dos sujeitos a partir de prontuários. Categorização dos dados de acordo com: tipo de alimentação do lactente e presença/ausência de HOS do início das intervenções, 1mês, até os 6 meses e 29 dias de vida. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística. Resultados: No final das intervenções a maioria dos bebês (89,5%) estava em AM. E todos (100%) dos que não apresentavam HOS estavam em AM. Conclusão: houve associação estatisticamente significante entre presença de AM e ausência de HOS (p=0,012) na população estudada. Tais resultados sugerem que as intervenções fonoaudiológicas numa abordagem biopsíquica - influenciaram a prevalência do AM em relação ao aleitamento artificial, além da redução dos HOS não nutritiva no período