Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D.W.S.)--Institute for Worship Studies, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-236) and webography (leaves 237-239).

Thesis (D. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2000. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120).

Thesis (D. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2000. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120).

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Citrus fruit exported from South Africa to markets such as the USA and China undergo a mandatory 24 day exposure of -0.6°C during shipment to kill any insect larvae in the fruit, however, this protocol causes chilling injury (CI). The aim of this study was firstly to determine the influence of various preharvest factors on chilling sensitivity. In addition, Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was tested as a potential management tool to identify variation in CI susceptibility of fruit and lastly the efficacy of thiabendazole (TBZ) applied in the packline to reduce CI was determined. Various factors influence the susceptibility of a navel orange fruit to CI including cultivar, micro-climate, harvest date, fruit size and rind colour. In this study it was found that ‘Washington’ was more susceptible to CI compared to ‘Navelina’ navel orange. Fruit from the coldest part of Citrusdal (Tharakama) had the highest incidence of CI, which concurred with literature. The incidence of CI was overall less when fruit were harvested in the middle of the commercial harvest window; however, the internal maturity at harvest does not appear to be related to the sensitivity of orange fruit to CI. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was tested as a potential tool to predict fruit quality parameters in relation to CI. Analysing the NIR data with principal components analysis (PCA), score plots were obtained that separate fruit in clusters from the inside and outside of the canopy positions as well as different sizes and rind colours (green vs. orange). However, analysing data with partial least square regression (PLS) using fruit quality parameters (firmness, rind colour and mass), the NIR spectra obtained with the integrated sphere did not provide a good prediction model for CI index. Thiabendazole (TBZ) is reported to reduce the incidence of CI of citrus fruit and this fungicide was applied in a semi-commercial packline in the wax as well as the drench. The results of the application of different fungicides from the TBZ chemical group indicated that the TBZ dip treatments had the highest efficacy in reducing both the incidence and severity of CI and in addition were more effective when applied in warm (40°C) than cold water (10°C). Applications at the commercial recommended rate (20mL.L-1 and half of the commercial recommended rate were both effective in reducing the incidence of CI. Wax application was effective in reducing the incidence of CI however, the application of TBZ in the wax reduced the incidence of CI even more. For the successful reduction of CI incidence in commercial shipments of citrus fruit the focus should not be on a single factor but rather a strategy that encompasses pre-harvest factors that would influence rind quality as well as specific postharvest technologies know to decrease the impact of CI. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sitrus vrugte ondergaan 'n verpligte 24 dae blootstelling aan -0,6°C om moontlike insek-larwes te dood gedurende die uitvoer na markte soos die VSA en China, maar hierdie protokol veroorsaak koueskade. Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om die invloed van verskillende voor-oes faktore op koueskade-sensitiwiteit van nawel lemoene te bepaal. Daarbenewens is naby-infrarooi (NIR) spektroskopie as 'n potensiële tegniek getoets om variasie in koueskade-sensitiwiteit van nawel lemoene te identifiseer, en laastens is die effektiwiteit van thiabendazole (TBZ) toediening in die verpakkings lyn, om koueskade te verminder, ondersoek. Verskillende faktore soos kultivar, mikroklimaat, oesdatum, vruggrootte en skilkleur beïnvloed die koueskade-sensitiwiteit van sitrus. Hierdie studie het bevind dat die ‘Washington’ meer sensitief is vir koueskade as die ‘Navelina’ nawels. Vrugte afkomstig uit die koudste deel van Citrusdal (Tharakama) het die hoogste voorkoms van koueskade. In die algemeen was vrugte ge-oes in die middel van die kommersiële-venster die minste koueskade-sensitief, maar interne rypheid hou nie verband met koueskadesensitiwiteit nie. Naby-Infrarooi (NIR) spektroskopie is getoets as 'n potensiële instrument om vrugkwaliteit parameters te voorspel met betrekking tot koueskade. Deur ontleding van die NIR data met behulp van ‘Principal Components Analysis’ kon vrugte groepeer word volgens posisie (binne vs. buite blaredak), groottes en skilkleur. Deur ‘Partial Least Square Regression’ verdere data ontleding en met inagneming van vrugkwaliteit parameters (fermheid, skil kleur en massa), kon die NIR spektra wat verkry was egter nie 'n goeie voorspelling model vir koueskade verskaf nie. TBZ verminder die voorkoms van koueskade van sitrusvrugte na dit toegedien was in 'n semi-kommersiële verpakkingslyn in die waks, ‘drench’ of baddens. Die toediening van verskillende swamdoders van die TBZ chemiese groep in baddens, het aangedui dat die TBZ doop behandeling effektief was om die voorkoms van koueskade te verminder. Daarbenewens was TBZ meer effektief in verlaging van koueskade as dit toegedien word in warm (40°C) as koue (10°C) water, asook teen die volle (20mL.L-1) en die helfte van die aanbevole kommersiële dosis. Wakstoediening was effektief in die vermindering van die voorkoms van koueskade en byvoeging van TBZ in die waks het die effektiwiteit verhoog. Die suksesvolle vermindering van koueskade tydens kommersiële verskeping van sitrusvrugte moet egter nie fokus op 'n enkele faktor nie, maar op 'n strategie wat bestaan uit voor-oes faktore wat die vrugskil kwaliteit beïnvloed, sowel as spesifieke na-oes tegnologieë en hanteringsprotokolle wat bekend is vir die vermindering van koueskade. / Citrus Research International

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_ves_dr_botfca.pdf: 2262774 bytes, checksum: 3b0f1eb2b3fbc61c2dac52e6a9121ff2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O manejo integrado de pragas em fruticultura tem incentivado o uso do controle biológico com o intuito de reduzir a densidade das moscas-das-frutas. Para tanto, este trabalho acompanhou a dinâmica populacional das espécies de moscas-das-frutas numa área de intersecção de pomar cítrico variedade Valência com mata secundária, através do levantamento populacional antes e depois da liberação do parasitóide exótico Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). O estudo foi conduzido de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2010, procedendo-se coleta quinzenalmente de adultos de moscasdas- frutas por armadilhas McPhail a base de proteína hidrolisada de milho, na Fazenda São Gabriel, distrito Vitoriana, município de Botucatu, SP. Durante realização do experimento, o pomar recebeu tratamento fitossanitário, mas as liberações dos parasitóides foram sempre realizadas num intervalo de cinco dias após a última aplicação de defensivos agrícolas e cinco dias antes da pulverização seguinte. Os insetos capturados foram levados para o Laboratório de Entomologia (UNESP), Botucatu, SP para triagem e as moscas foram devidamente etiquetadas, com os dados da coleta, para posterior identificação. Até o mês de fevereiro de 2009 o levantamento das moscas-das-frutas foi através de 20 armadilhas, sendo dez em pomar e dez na mata do entorno. A partir de março de 2009 foram acrescentadas cinco armadilhas numa nova área de mata mantendo-se até o fim do experimento 25 armadilhas. No período de abril a outubro de 2009 foram liberados 560.000 parasitóides D. longicaudata, com quatro a oito dias de idade, na mata secundária, provenientes do Laboratório de Radioentomologia do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA – USP). Foram estabelecidos dez pontos amostrais e para cada ponto foram liberados cerca de 4.000 indivíduos. Coletou-se 13.683 tefritídeos sendo 6.967 exemplares... / The integrated pest management in fruit growing has stimulated the use of biological control in order to reduce the density of fruit flies. To do so, this work observed the population dynamics of fruit flies species in a citric orchard intersection area, Valência variety, with secondary forest, by means of population survey before and after the release of the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The study was carried out from January 2008 to January 2010, with adult collections being performed every 15 days in hydrolyzed corn protein based McPhail traps at Fazenda São Gabriel, Vitoriana district, municipality of Botucatu, SP. While performing the experiment, the orchard was given phytosanitary treatment, but parasitoids releases were always carried out five days after the last application of agricultural defensives and five days before the following pulverization. The captured insects were taken to the Entomology Laboratory (UNESP), Botucatu, SP in order to be screened and the flies were properly labeled with collection data for further identification. Up to February 2009, 20 traps were used for the fruit flies survey, ten in the orchard and ten in the surrounding forest. From March 2009 on, 5 traps were added into a new vegetation area, 25 traps being kept until the end of the experiment. From April to October 2009, 560,000 D. longicaudata parasitoids, four to eight days old, were released in the secondary forest, coming from the Radioentomology Laboratory of the Nuclear Energy Center in Agriculture (CENA – USP). Ten sample sites were set and about... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000738215.pdf: 2151140 bytes, checksum: 2b05dbf911b2b43a03712abe9d9a4c86 (MD5) / A citricultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, porém o aumento de doenças na última década tem causado grandes prejuízos a toda a cadeia produtiva. A doença cancro cítrico, causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) é um grave problema para o setor, não havendo até o momento método eficaz para o seu controle. Nesse estudo, utilizando RNASeq, foram analisados os perfis transcricionais de dois genótipos hospedeiros contrastantes à doença: laranja doce Pêra-Rio (PR) moderadamente resistente, e Lima Ácida Galego (LG), altamente suscetível, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a infecção com Xac, no intuito de identificar genes das plantas envolvidos na interação patógeno-hospedeiro. Foram encontrados 6.330, 3.478 e 6.795 genes diferencialmente expressos (GDEs) na espécie moderadamente resistente PR, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a inoculação com Xac, respectivamente, quando comparados com seus controles. Na espécie altamente suscetível Limão Galego foram identificados 1.491, 5.621 e 2.145 GDEs após 24, 48 e 72 horas da inoculação com Xac, respectivamente. Através do programa Blast2GO, genes e vias metabólicas de fotossíntese, sinalização celular, síntese hormonais, fatores de transcrição, entre outros, foram encontrados. Esse estudo revelou diferenças associadas à resistência e desenvolvimento a nível molecular em PR e LG em resposta ao cancro cítrico, demonstrando que na espécie moderadamente resistente há uma maior ativação dos mecanismos de defesa. Tais estudos podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de plantas de citros com adequado nível de resistência ao cancro cítrico / The citrus agribusiness is very important to the Brazilian economy, but the increase of diseases in the last decade has caused great economic losses to the sector. The citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is a serious disease that attacks all citrus species economically important worldwide and there is not an effective method for its control. In this study, RNASeq was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of two contrasting citrus genotypes regarding citrus canker susceptibility: sweet orange Pêra Rio (PR), moderately resistant, and Mexican lime ‘Galego´ (ML), highly susceptible. Gene expression were performed in a HiScanSQ System (Illumina) using total RNA isolated from leaves collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, with leaves inoculated with water been used as control. It were found 6,330, 3,478 and 6,795 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in moderately resistant PR specie at 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, respectively, when compared with their controls. In the specie highly susceptible ML, it was identified 1,491, 5,621 and 2,145 DGEs after 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, respectively. Through the program Blast2GO, genes and metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis, cell signaling, hormone synthesis, transcription factors, among others, were found as involved in plant defense. This study revealed differences at the molecular level between PR and ML in response to citrus canker, showing that in the specie moderately resistant there is a greater activation of host defense mechanisms. Such informations can be used for the development of citrus plants with an adequate level of resistance to citrus canker

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-04Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000739232_20150704.pdf: 50863 bytes, checksum: 4ab6023dc27bf4cfeec7d076e8d98dfb (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-07-06T11:20:56Z: 000739232_20150704.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-06T11:21:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000739232.pdf: 443929 bytes, checksum: 011f20c2432046f54d111a2b0c66aab5 (MD5) / O huanglongbing (HLB) é considerada a mais severa doença em citros, foi constatada no Brasil em 2004 e desde então tem causado sérios danos à citricultura do país, podendo colocar em risco esse importante setor do agronegócio brasileiro. A doença é causada por bactérias limitadas ao floema. Os sintomas típicos das plantas são mosqueamento, ramos amarelos, frutos deformados e pequenos. Obstruções no floema, comuns no processo infeccioso também podem afetar a fotossíntese e as relações hídricas. Os sintomas do HLB podem ser mascarados por outros sintomas gerados a partir de algumas doenças, além do mais, tais sintomas podem ser confundidos com algumas deficiências minerais. O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do HLB no processo fotossintético, condutância estomática, transpiração, potencial hídrico e no conteúdo mineral das flores, folhas e ramos, em plantas de laranja ‘Valência’, visando conhecer as respostas fisiológicas nas plantas infectadas pela doença. Os tratamentos consistiram em plantas sadias; plantas doentes assintomáticas e plantas doentes sintomáticas. As trocas gasosas e relações hídricas foram medidas em dez/2011 e mar/2012. Para a estimativa da taxa de assimilação de carbono (A), condutância estomática (gs) e transpiração (E) foram selecionadas folhas de 8 a 9 meses de idade, porém evitou-se folhas com sintomas severos nas plantas sintomáticas, essas medidas foram realizadas às 8:00, 12:00 e 15:00 h. O potencial da água das folhas (Ψf) foi medido às 6:00 e 14:00 h, foram selecionados ramos com três folhas cada. Foram realizadas seis avaliações nutricionais para folhas e ramos, com intervalos de 30 dias cada, e as flores foram avaliadas apenas em Nov/2011. Os resultados evidenciaram que, A não foi alterada pela doença, mas a gs e a E apresentaram redução em plantas doentes, sintomáticas e assintomáticas, na ... / The huanglongbing (HLB) is considered one of the most severe diseases of citrus. Since its discovery in Brazil in 2004, it has caused serious damage to the citrus production and industry in the country, making vulnerable this important sector of the Brazilian agribusiness. This disease is caused by phloemrestricted bacteria. Typical symptoms of plants are mottled, yellow branches, and small deformed fruits. Infected trees show phloem obstructions, which can also affect photosynthesis and water relations. The symptoms of HLB may be masked by other symptoms generated from some diseases, moreover, such symptoms can be confused with some mineral deficiencies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of HLB in the photosynthetic process, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water potential and mineral content of the flowers, leaves and branches on orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, 'Valencia'], to determine the physiological responses in plants infected by the disease. The treatments consisted of healthy plants, plants asymptomatic patients and symptomatic diseased plants. Gas exchange and water relations were measured in December/2011 and March/2012. To estimate the rate of carbon assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) were selected leaves 8-9 months old, but was avoided leaves with severe symptoms in symptomatic plants, these measurements were performed 8:00 a.m., 12:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The leaf water potential (Ψf) was observed during two day periods, at 6:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Nutritional assessments were carried out for six leaves and branches, with intervals of 30 days each, and the flowers were evaluated only in November/2011. The results showed that A was not affected by the disease, but gs and E decreased in symptomatic and asymptomatic diseased plants, in the second evaluation. There was a reduction in Ψf at 2:00 p.m. Once ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kamimura_h_me_arafcf.pdf: 1354920 bytes, checksum: ff4a5c6aed9b30ab6727c5843dacbe13 (MD5) / O suco de laranja é um produto de grande importância para a economia nacional, tendo papel relevante na pauta de exportações brasileiras. A maior parte da produção brasileira de laranja é destinada à produção de suco concentrado congelado – FCOJ, que é predominantemente exportado para a Europa e América do Norte. O processamento do suco envolve as etapas de extração, filtração, concentração, mistura e de resfriamento. O tratamento térmico empregado na etapa de concentração para redução do volume de água, redução da carga microbiana e inativação enzimática, também é capaz de favorecer reações que alteram a composição do suco e promovem alterações sensoriais e degradação da vitamina C, além de arrastar e degradar compostos voláteis importantes para o sabor do suco. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram reunir informações referentes ao processamento do FCOJ e aos fatores relacionados às alterações de qualidade que podem ocorrer durante o processamento, avaliar o suco de laranja das principais etapas do processamento do FCOJ, de forma a avaliar as etapas mais críticas em relação às alterações no perfil sensorial e perda de qualidade e avaliar a atividade antioxidante total (AAT), os compostos fenólicos totais (TPC) e as características físico-químicas do suco de laranja das etapas do processamento do FCOJ. O suco de laranja das principais etapas do processamento do FCOJ foi avaliado por 12 julgadores selecionados e treinados utilizando a análise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ). Foram gerados 21 descritores para aparência (5), aroma (6), sabor (8) e textura (2). O suco das etapas de extração e filtração foram caracterizados por alta intensidade de sabor doce, aroma e sabor natural, aroma e sabor cítrico e aroma e sabor óleo, com perfil sensoriais semelhantes. O suco da etapa de extração também foi caracterizado por gomos, tanto... / Orange juice is a important product to the national economy, with great relevance to the Brazilian exportations. The majority of Brazilian orange production is used in the frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) production, which is mainly exported to North America and Europe. The FCOJ processing covers the extraction, filtration, concentration, blend and cooling steps. The heat treatment used in the concentration step to reduce the water activity, favors reactions that drastically changes the juice composition and promotes sensory changes, ascorbic acid degradation, and changes the volatile compounds important to the aroma and flavor of the juice. The aim of this work was to gather informations regarding the FCOJ processing and the factors related with the juice quality changes during the processing, to evaluate the orange juice from the main steps of the FCOJ processing, in order to identify the most critical steps regarding the sensory changes and loss of quality using QDA and to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (TAA), the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the physicochemical characteristics of the orange juice from the steps of the FCOJ processing. The orange juice from the main steps of the FCOJ processing was evaluated by 12 selected and trained judges using QDA. 21 descriptors were generated for appearance (5), aroma (6), flavor (8) and texture (2). The juices from the extraction and filtration steps were characterized by high intensity of sweet aroma, natural aroma and flavor, citric aroma and flavor, and oil aroma and flavor, with similar profile. The juice from the extraction step was also characterized by vesicles from both appearance and texture. The juice from the concentration, blend and cooling steps were characterized by high intensity of cooked aroma and flavor, with similar profile. The sensory profile of the orange juice was noticeably affected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_jq_me_arafcf.pdf: 547711 bytes, checksum: b59a161a868796ba9279f965c790ccc1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Tem sido evidenciado que o consumo do suco de laranja amarela melhora a sensibilidade insulínica, o perfil lipídico, a pressão arterial, o estresse oxidativo e a inflamação, condições fisiopatológicas relacionadas às doenças crônicas como cardiovasculares, síndrome metabólica, diabetes tipo II, obesidade e câncer. Tais efeitos se devem à presença de nutrientes (vitamina C e potássio) e compostos bioativos (flavonóides cítricos e carotenóides), que atuam de forma sinérgica protegendo o organismo. O suco de laranja de polpa vermelha apresenta além destes componentes, o licopeno que atua como um potente antioxidante celular. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do consumo regular do suco de laranja vermelha sobre os fatores de risco da síndrome metabólica, incluindo circunferência da cintura aumentada, hipertrigliceridemia, baixo HDL-C, hipertensão arterial e intolerância à glicose. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados em dois diferentes estudos os quais foram escritos na forma de artigo científico, sendo que no primeiro foi dado ênfase nos parâmetros antropométricos e no segundo os parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos. Homens e mulheres saudáveis consumiram diariamente 750mL de suco de laranja vermelha durante oito semanas consecutivas. No início e no final do tratamento foram realizadas avaliações antropométrica (peso corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas e circunferências) bioquímica (glicose, insulina, hemoglobina glicada, colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A e B, proteína C reativa, atividade antioxidante por DPPH, resistência insulínica pelo índice HOMA), hemodinâmica (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica). O tratamento com o suco de laranja vermelha não alterou a circunferência da cintura, diminuiu o colesterol total, LDL-C, proteína C reativa e pressão arterial, além de aumentar a atividade antioxidante no soro... / It has been shown that the consumption of blond orange juice improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure, oxidative stress and inflammation, pathophysiological conditions related to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, metabolic syndrome, diabetes type II, obesity and cancer. These effects are due to the presence of nutrients (vitamin C and potassium) and bioactive compounds (citrus flavonoids and carotenoids), which act synergistically protects the body. Besides these components the red orange juice has lycopene that acts as a potent antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of red orange juice on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, including increased waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, hypertension and glucose intolerance. The results were analyzed in two different studies which were written in the form of a scientific paper, the first one emphasizes the anthropometric parameters and in the second one biochemical and hemodynamics parameters. Healthy men and women consumed daily 750mL of red orange juice for eight consecutive weeks. At the beginning and end of treatment were evaluated anthropometric (body weight, height, skinfolds and circumferences) biochemical (glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A and B, C-reactive protein antioxidant activity by DPPH, insulin resistance by HOMA index), hemodynamic (systolic and diastolic). Treatment with red orange juice did not alter the waist circumference, decreased total cholesterol, LDL-C, C-reactive protein and blood pressure, besides increasing the antioxidant activity in serum of volunteers. We suggest that the orange juice does not influence the increase in body weight and other measures and has properties like hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)