This thesis focus on short-term assets and their management. The theoretical part contains basic informations about the company's assets, short -- term assets, its characteristics and it describes in details the options valuation methods of assets and inventory management. Practical part contains analyzes of current assets management system in selected company, compare findings with the competition, it identifies potential deficiencies and recommends changes for improvement.

A indústria de fundição produz uma vasta gama de itens com presença na cadeia produtiva de vários setores da economia. São gerados pelo setor, desde itens simples de uso doméstico até itens sofisticados, utilizados por indústrias de base e pelo setor de autopeças. Por ser um segmento muito importante para a economia brasileira, estudos visando melhorar sua eficiência são fundamentais para assegurar sua competitividade em relação ao cenário mundial. Segundo a literatura, um dos principais fatores que influenciam sua produtividade é o planejamento da produção. Nos últimos anos, os investimentos nesta área vem aumentando e tem recebido mais atenção do ponto de vista acadêmico. Esta dissertação aborda o planejamento da produção em fundições de pequeno porte, cujas principais decisões são: decidir quais ligas fundir nos fornos disponíveis e quais itens devem ser vazados a partir das ligas fundidas. Uma questão ainda não considerada na literatura é a obrigatoriedade de completar a produção de todos os itens de um pedido para que este seja considerado atendido e entregue ao cliente. No entanto, em muitos casos reais, um pedido não pode ser atendido parcialmente, ou seja, os itens que compõem esse pedido podem fazer parte de um mesmo item final. Em outros casos, o pedido pode ser atendido parcialmente, mas incorre-se em custos adicionais de expedição. Esta dissertação busca preencher esta lacuna, para tanto, propomos: (1) um modelo matemático para tratar o problema de planejamento da produção de pedidos em fundições de pequeno porte; (2) um modelo para tratar a possibilidade de múltiplas entregas para o problema estudado. Além disso, também é proposta uma heurística Relax-and Fix (relaxe-e-fixe) para a solução do problema integrado / The foundry industry produces plenty of different items present in various sectors of the economy. Such items range from simple household gadgets to sophisticated devices used by basic industries and the auto parts sector. This industry is important for the Brazilian economy and studies aiming at the improvement of its efficiency are fundamental to ensure its competitiveness worldwide. As highlighted in the literature, an important factor that influences the production in the sector is the produiction planning.; In recent years, the investments in this area have been increasing and more attention has been drawn by academic studies. This dissertation deals with the production planning in small foundries, whose major decisions are the determination of the alloys to the merged and items to be produced. A question that still has not considered in the literature is the obligation to complete the production of the orders to be delivered to the client. However, in many real cases, an order cannot bi partially delivered, that is, the pieces, which are parts of the order, may be pats of the final product. In other cases, the order may be partially delivered, but with additional expedition costs. In this dissertation the objective is close that question, so we propose: (1) a mathematical model for production-planning problem of complete orders for small foundry industry; (2) a mathematical model to treat the possibility of partial delivery to the sama problem. Furthermore, we proppose a Relax-and-Fix heuristic for the integrated model

Este trabalho visa a analisar as medidas judiciais adotadas para enfrentar os riscos e agravos à saúde decorrentes da exposição a substâncias perigosas em áreas contaminadas no município de São Paulo, tendo em vista que no Brasil não há uma política específica para ser aplicada no caso em questão. São abordadas as formas de enfrentamento do problema, com ênfase na Ação Civil Pública (ACP). O caso da área contaminada da Vila Carioca foi escolhido para ser objeto de estudo por se tratar de problema atual e de conseqüências sociais diversas, além de figurar entre um dos mais graves problemas ambientais da cidade. O trabalho versa sobre a experiência, na área jurídica, de órgãos públicos com atribuições para proteção da saúde humana, entre eles: Centro de Vigilância Sanitária, Ministério Público e Cetesb. A importância e a efetividade das medidas judiciais para a garantia do direito à saúde, a preservação do meio ambiente e o bem-estar da população, particularmente no tocante às áreas contaminadas na cidade de São Paulo, também são discutidas. O Capítulo I discute o desenvolvimento econômico e suas implicações com o direito à saúde e o direito ambiental, à luz da Constituição Federal. O Capítulo II trata da proteção ambiental e dos riscos ambientais do espaço urbano e sua relação com as políticas para o desenvolvimento das cidades, além de apresentar um breve histórico da regulação de risco e das atividades produtivas poluidoras. O Capítulo III aborda alguns meios processuais coletivos de proteção e de implementação dos direitos fundamentais, com enfoque maior na ACP. O Capítulo IV aborda um estudo de caso relacionado com a contaminação de solo no bairro da Vila Carioca, região sul da cidade. Conclui-se discutindo os entraves jurídicos e a falta de controle do Poder Público no que se refere à defesa dos direitos coletivos em face do estudo de caso em questão. / The aim of the present work is to analyze the judicial orders adopted to tackle health risks resulting from exposure to hazardous substances in contaminated areas of the city of São Paulo, since there is no specific Brazilian policy to rule this issue. Ways of tackling the problem are discussed, with emphasis on the Civil Public Action (ACP). The case of Vila Carioca was chosen not only for being a current problem with several social consequences, but also for being one of the major environmental problems affecting the city of São Paulo in recent years. This study focuses on the juridical experience of public institutions responsible for community health, such as: the Sanitary Surveillance Center (Centro de Vigilância Sanitária), Department of Justice (Ministério Público) and the Technology and Environmental Sanitation Company (Cetesb). In addition, it shows the importance and effectiveness of judicial orders to guarantee the right to health, protection of the environment and public welfare, especially regarding the contaminated areas in the city of São Paulo. Chapter I discusses the economic development and its implications as to the right to health and the environmental laws, examined through the lens of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Chapter II discusses environmental protection and hazards in urban areas and the policies which rule the development of cities. In addition, it gives a brief account of risk regulations with reference to polluting production activities. Chapter III discusses some collective legal procedures for protection and implementation of fundamental rights, focusing mainly on the ACP. Chapter IV discusses a case study of soil contamination in Vila Carioca, located in the south of São Paulo. Finally, the study discusses the legal obstacles and failures of the Public Authority in defending the collective rights concerning the case examined.

Esta dissertação tem como tema o martírio cristão em escritos mendicantes no século XIII. Busca aprofundar reflexões sobre a temática martirológica da seguinte maneira: primeiramente, posiciona o martírio em relação a outros tipos de morte, destaca os fatores de aproximação e distanciamento entre o morto comum e o mártir e levanta, a partir da análise dos conceitos de “sagrado” e “violência”, duas hipóteses explicativas para a diminuição de canonizações oficias de mártires no século XIII. Uma trata dos problemas em torno do sujeito que executa o papel ativo na cena do martírio, ou seja, o assassino. Outra reflete sobre dispositivos de controle da violência e a possibilidade de terem diminuído o status oficial do mártir. Após, visa analisar como os conceitos de martírio e mártir eram trabalhados nos escritos das ordens franciscana e dominicana e como se distanciavam de alguns conceitos que antecederam essas ordens. A partir da história intelectual, percebe-se que em alguns momentos após as perseguições aos cristãos no âmbito do Império Romano, a morte deixou de ser exigida, sendo enfatizado o sofrimento para a configuração do mártir. Os mendicantes efetuam um retorno à exigência da morte. Por último, centra a atenção sobre Pedro de Verona, mártir dominicano morto em 1252 e canonizado em 1253. Propõe-se, por um viés de antropologia histórica, analisar as relações de intercâmbio em que o frade foi visto como participante pelos produtores dominicanos de textos sobre sua vida, morte e culto. / This paper works with the Christian martyrdom in the mendicant writings of the thirteenth century. In three chapters, it seeks to deepen reflections on the subject of martyrology as follows: in the first one, it positions martyrdom in relation to other types of death, highlights the factors of approximation and distance between the common dead and the martyr and raises, from the analysis of the concepts of “sacred” and “violence”, two explanatory hypotheses for the reduction of official canonizations of martyrs in the thirteenth century. One deals with the problems surrounding the subject who performs the active role in the scene of martyrdom, that is, the killer. Another reflects on the mechanisms to control violence and the possibility of it having diminished the official status of the martyr. The second chapter aims at analyzing how the concepts of martyrdom and martyr were worked out in the writings of the Franciscan and Dominican orders and how they deviated from some concepts that preceded these Orders. Through intellectual history, it can be seen that at some moments after the persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire, death was no longer required, and the suffering was emphasized for the configuration of the martyr. The mendicants make a return to the requirement of death. The third chapter focuses on Peter of Verona, a Dominican martyr who died in 1252 and was canonized in 1253. It is proposed, through a bias of historical anthropology, to analyze the relations of exchange in which the friar was seen as a participant by the Dominican producers of texts about his life, death and cult.

The master‘s thesis is focused on the design and creation of an application for administration of lunch orders. The thesis includes a theoretical basis, analysis of the current situation and design of the application for orders administration. The application is created with regard to user requirements and its purpose is to increase work efficiency.

Community treatment orders (CTOs), which allow for involuntary psychiatric treatment of individuals who meet particular legal criteria while they are living in the community, have been in effect in Ontario since 2001. Some similar form of mandated community-based psychiatric treatment exists in every Canadian province and in many other jurisdictions around the world. In the wake of deinstitutionalization, CTOs filled a gap in mental health care, allowing for the treatment of people with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) who were otherwise unable or unwilling to access care; however, CTOs brought their own host of legal, ethical and practice dilemmas, as well as mixed results in research about their effectiveness. This doctoral research examines the way CTO policy is situated within a larger historical, social, legal and discursive system; the way it is deployed, operationalized and negotiated in day-to-day practice; and the layered effects that this has on the multiple actors involved. This study gives voice to a small and vulnerable subset of the population who, in addition to experiencing mental illness, have layered experiences of stigmatization and low socio-economic status. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural context, beliefs and values underlying the CTO and perpetuated by the CTO, as it was used in community mental health care in Ontario, through an examination of its impact on identity of people living with SPMI. The study was guided by a theoretical framework that brought together the work of Michel Foucault on governmentality and Elizabeth Grosz on body image in order to critically examine the issue of identity from both the outside in (how identity is constructed) and the inside out (how that constructed identity is experienced). It used a critical ethnographic methodology. Data collection included in-depth interviews with persons with SPMI (N=7), family members (N=5) and clinicians (N=10), observations of health care practices for people with CTOs, and analysis of documents used during the CTO process. Data was analyzed using critical discourse analysis. This study revealed insights in the into social context of CTOs, that is, the complex social landscape in which CTOs operate; the social practice of CTOs, that is, the many steps and many actors involved in the CTO process; and the social impact of CTOs, that is the effect of CTO processes on both the constructed and the experienced identity of the patient, family member and clinician. The constructed identity of the patient included perceptions of the patient as risky, defective, and in need of surveillance; the experience of this identity was characterized by feelings of being criminalized, disconnected, muted, traumatized and gaslit. The constructed identity of the family members included an idealization of families as responsible and available, and instrumentalization of the family role. This identity experience was characterized as a dissonance between roles, a witnessing of the absurd, and as putting a strain on other elements of life/identity. The constructed identity of the clinician in relation to CTOs included the role of enforcer, fall-guy, paternalistic provider, and the patient’s adversary. The experience of this identity was characterized by frustration, powerlessness, distress, and an acceptance of dissonance. CTOs, while facilitating access to some treatments and services, also act to construct identities for patients that further limit their full integration into communities as valued members. An examination of the constituent parts of the CTO highlights areas in which CTO processes could be changed; research participants conveyed areas in which they thought the CTO could be improved, including changes to methods of police intervention, better collection and use of administrative data, systemic change, the use of specific approaches to care, changes to the timings of renewals, and changes to the Consent and Capacity Board hearings. The discussion highlights ways in which a re-examination of the context in which CTOs are used can lead to the consideration of political and therapeutic means to reduce both the circumstances that lead to mental and emotional distress and to improve our responses to mental and emotional distress when these are experienced by members of our communities.

In the introduction, doctoral thesis as a complex technological project uses the summary title Stability of production. Stability of production is defined as a maintaining the required properties of the system over a given time period. Stability of production, based on the literature study included: – generally known systems and concepts, for example Process Stability, System Stability, Toyota Production System, Lean Manufacturing, etc. – less-known systems and concepts, for example Maintaining the fidelity of the production program, Stable order-sequence concept. The practical part of the doctoral thesis is focused on the less-known concept: Stable order-sequence. The task of the Stable order-sequence is to follow the sequence of orders given by the planned production program in the course of the production and at the end of production. Maintaining the sequence of the orders has a positive experience in the logistics activities between the final producer and its suppliers. As it was found by the planned experiment for a full factory plan, the sequence of orders in the material flow of original equipment manufacturer is influenced mainly by: – the cause of the removing orders from material flow, – the effect of the causes LIFO stack vs. branched material flow, – the effect of the causes LIFO stack vs. branched material flow vs. the removing from the material flow. By the analysis of Stable order-sequence, it was found that the methodology of the concept contains deficiencies. It does not state how to choose for example the size of the time period, time interval, data editing etc. By this lack, the subject can skew the results in the evaluation of the indicator PFT0 up to 4 %. Or by using of suitable adjustment, the value of the indicator PFT0 can be improved more than 50 %. To test the concept of a Stable order-sequence in practice has been designed technological project with the support of discrete-event simulation. It was about the implementation of new management logic to the stack behind the welding of original equipment manufacturer. The new logic of management was designed with an emphasis on Stable order-sequence concept, to arrange the orders in process according to the planned sequence. On the base of the functionality verification of the new stack logic, it was found that the logic affects the sequence of the orders, but not fundamentally. In tracking the hourly intervals for 25th calendar week 2013, the value of PFT0 was not improved in 37 cases, the value remains in 30 cases and the value was improved by the value of the median 18,68 % in 30 cases orders.

We consider constrained variants of graph homomorphisms such as embeddings, monomorphisms, full homomorphisms, surjective homomorpshims, and locally constrained homomorphisms. We also introduce a new variation on this theme which derives from relations between graphs and is related to multihomomorphisms. This gives a generalization of surjective homomorphisms and naturally leads to notions of R-retractions, R-cores, and R-cocores of graphs. Both \\mbox{R-cores} and R-cocores of graphs are unique up to isomorphism and can be computed in polynomial time. The theory of the graph homomorphism order is well developed, and from it we consider analogous notions defined for orders induced by constrained homomorphisms. We identify corresponding cores, prove or disprove universality, characterize gaps and dualities. We give a new and significantly easier proof of the universality of the homomorphism order by showing that even the class of oriented cycles is universal. We provide a systematic approach to simplify the proofs of several earlier results in this area. We explore in greater detail locally injective homomorphisms on connected graphs, characterize gaps and show universality. We also prove that for every $d\\geq 3$ the homomorphism order on the class of line graphs of graphs with maximum degree $d$ is universal.

Obedience was invariably a primary type of rationality as well as relationality in medieval Christianity. The case of the early Minorites stands to reason. Spanning the life of Francis of Assisi (†1226) and the early movement up to that of Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (†1274), the project at hand proposes a diachronic approach to conceptions of obedience in early Minorite literature in pursuit of developments in the order’s collective identity and common theological strands (theologische Fäden) of their self-conception. The present study of conceptual history fosters a theoretical framework in which obedience, in addition to being an integral part of a proposal of religious life and a legal category, operates as a form of relationality insofar as it is a spiritually informed orientation toward self, God, and other. The hermeneutic perspective thus views obedience within a three-dimensional prism as an institutional mechanism, a principle of spiritual training and progress, and a relational construct. In short, it is at once virtue, life, and vow.

<p>The method of forcing is widely used in set theory to obtain&nbsp;various consistency proofs. Complete Boolean algebras play the main role&nbsp;in applications of forcing. Therefore it is useful to define games on Boolean&nbsp;algebras that characterize their properties important for the method. The&nbsp;most investigated game is Jech&rsquo;s distributivity game, such that the first&nbsp;player has the winning strategy iff the algebra is not (&omega;, 2)-distributive.&nbsp;We define another game characterizing the collapsing of the continuum to&nbsp;&omega;, prove several sufficient conditions for the second player to have a winning&nbsp;strategy, and obtain a Boolean algebra on which the game is undetermined.&nbsp;</p> / <p>Forsing je metod &scaron;iroko kori&scaron;ćen u teoriji skupova za dokaze konsistentnosti. Kompletne&nbsp; Bulove algebre igraju glavnu ulogu u primenama forsinga. Stoga je korisno definisati igre na Bulovim algebrama koje karakteri&scaron;u njihove osobine od značaja za taj metod. Najbolje proučena je Jehova igra, koja ima osobinu da prvi igrač ima pobedničku strategiju akko algebra nije (&omega;, 2)-distributivna. U tezi defini&scaron;emo jo&scaron; jednu igru, koja karakteri&scaron;e kolaps kontinuuma na &omega;, dokazujemo nekoliko dovoljnih uslova da bi drugi igra&scaron; imao pobedničku strategiju, i konstrui&scaron;emo Bulovu algebru na kojoj je igra neodređena.</p>