O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o estresse oxidativo pós-trauma cirúrgico, através da ativação da NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB (in vivo), em ratos wistar, utilizando o método de imunohistoquímica em tecido não desmineralizado. Os resultados indicaram uma semelhança entre os grupos Implante, irrigado e adrenalectomizados. Porém, nos grupos dexametasona e composto orgânico, houve uma diferença estatística significante: observou-se um aumento expressivo no primeiro e uma redução no segundo. Dessa forma, conclui-se: 1- Que o método de imunohistoquímica pode ser aplicado em tecido ósseo não descalcificado incluído em Technovit® 7200 VLC; 2- Os implantes de titânio, neste período de poucas horas, não permanecem em sua posição; 3- O composto orgânico foi efetivo na redução da imunorreatividade da NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB, reduzindo significativamente a ativação da NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB em cortical dos animais; 4- A utilização da dexametasona como anti-inflamatório em tratamentos pré-cirúrgicos precisa ser melhor estudada. / The purpose of this work was to evaluate the oxidative stress after surgical trauma, through the activation of the NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB (in vivo), in wistar rats, using immunohistochemistry method on non-demineralized tissue. The results indicate a similarity among the irrigated and adrenalectomized groups of implants. The group using dexamethasone and the organic compound though presented a significant statistical result showing an expressive increase and a reduction in the second group.Conclusions: 1- The immunochemistry method may be applied on non-decalcified bone tissue which are included on Technovit® 7200VLC. 2- The titanium implants studied in this period did not maintain its position in the bone tissue showing therefore that they integrate to the bone. 3- The organic compound was effective to reduce the immunoreactivity of NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB with a significative reduction of the activity of this endonuclease in the bone cortical region on the studied animals. 4- More studies are required for the use of dexamethasone as an anti-inflammatory medicament on pre-surgical treatments.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME), needle trap device (NTD), and membrane extraction with a sorbent interface (MESI) are solvent-free sample preparation techniques that were developed to perform the rapid routine analysis of organic compounds (VOCs) in various environmental matrices by integrating sampling, extraction, preconcentration and sample introduction procedures into one step. A portable ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) analyzer has some advantages, such as small size, light weight, operability under ambient pressure, air as carrier gas, and sensitivity, all of which make IMS suitable for on-site monitoring for low concentration of analytes. The aforementioned sampling and preconcentration techniques were coupled with a portable IMS analyzer, as well as a thermal desorption unit that can accommodate SPME, NTD and MESI, which was modified and combined with IMS for on-site monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human breath and plant emissions. Experimental results demonstrated that low detection limits were achievable for gaseous analytes, (25 ng/L for acetone (SPME-IMS), 43 ng/mL (NTD-IMS) and 2.3 ng/mL (MESI-IMS) for α-pinene). These three analytical systems were applied for on-site rapid determination of acetone in human breath and α-pinene from plant emissions respectively. The salient features of these systems that make them suitable for on-site monitoring of volatile organic compounds in different sources are: small size, simple operation, fast and/or on-line sampling, rapid analysis.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME), needle trap device (NTD), and membrane extraction with a sorbent interface (MESI) are solvent-free sample preparation techniques that were developed to perform the rapid routine analysis of organic compounds (VOCs) in various environmental matrices by integrating sampling, extraction, preconcentration and sample introduction procedures into one step. A portable ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) analyzer has some advantages, such as small size, light weight, operability under ambient pressure, air as carrier gas, and sensitivity, all of which make IMS suitable for on-site monitoring for low concentration of analytes. The aforementioned sampling and preconcentration techniques were coupled with a portable IMS analyzer, as well as a thermal desorption unit that can accommodate SPME, NTD and MESI, which was modified and combined with IMS for on-site monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human breath and plant emissions. Experimental results demonstrated that low detection limits were achievable for gaseous analytes, (25 ng/L for acetone (SPME-IMS), 43 ng/mL (NTD-IMS) and 2.3 ng/mL (MESI-IMS) for α-pinene). These three analytical systems were applied for on-site rapid determination of acetone in human breath and α-pinene from plant emissions respectively. The salient features of these systems that make them suitable for on-site monitoring of volatile organic compounds in different sources are: small size, simple operation, fast and/or on-line sampling, rapid analysis.

Heterocyclic’s and their fused-ring derivatives have been of interest for their use in electronic materials due to their ease of production, synthetic versatility, and low cost compared to traditional inorganic materials like silicon. Pyridazines have been found to be useful in catalysis gas storage, polymeric sensors and biological mimetics. When a transition-metal is fused into a synthesized pyridazine, unique properties such as conductivity and optics are allowed. In this work, synthesized pyridazine complexes will be analyzed by mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, imaging, x-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. We are interested in synthesizing organometallic pyridazines and manganese pyridazyl complex for polymer research. Off-metal synthesis and characterization of manganese pyridazyl complex required three intermediate steps. The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of various manganese pyridazyl complexes.

No description available.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o estresse oxidativo pós-trauma cirúrgico, através da ativação da NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB (in vivo), em ratos wistar, utilizando o método de imunohistoquímica em tecido não desmineralizado. Os resultados indicaram uma semelhança entre os grupos Implante, irrigado e adrenalectomizados. Porém, nos grupos dexametasona e composto orgânico, houve uma diferença estatística significante: observou-se um aumento expressivo no primeiro e uma redução no segundo. Dessa forma, conclui-se: 1- Que o método de imunohistoquímica pode ser aplicado em tecido ósseo não descalcificado incluído em Technovit® 7200 VLC; 2- Os implantes de titânio, neste período de poucas horas, não permanecem em sua posição; 3- O composto orgânico foi efetivo na redução da imunorreatividade da NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB, reduzindo significativamente a ativação da NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB em cortical dos animais; 4- A utilização da dexametasona como anti-inflamatório em tratamentos pré-cirúrgicos precisa ser melhor estudada. / The purpose of this work was to evaluate the oxidative stress after surgical trauma, through the activation of the NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB (in vivo), in wistar rats, using immunohistochemistry method on non-demineralized tissue. The results indicate a similarity among the irrigated and adrenalectomized groups of implants. The group using dexamethasone and the organic compound though presented a significant statistical result showing an expressive increase and a reduction in the second group.Conclusions: 1- The immunochemistry method may be applied on non-decalcified bone tissue which are included on Technovit® 7200VLC. 2- The titanium implants studied in this period did not maintain its position in the bone tissue showing therefore that they integrate to the bone. 3- The organic compound was effective to reduce the immunoreactivity of NF-<font face=\"symbol\">kB with a significative reduction of the activity of this endonuclease in the bone cortical region on the studied animals. 4- More studies are required for the use of dexamethasone as an anti-inflammatory medicament on pre-surgical treatments.

Orientador: Edson Tomaz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ponczek_Milena_M.pdf: 3719180 bytes, checksum: efe8192ba2f868976819b64f089b973c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Compostos orgânicos voláteis, ou COV, são uma importante classe de poluentes do ar comumente encontrados na atmosfera ao nível do solo, nos centros urbanos e industriais. O tratamento de COV provenientes de fontes industriais através da fotocatálise heterogênea é uma técnica eficiente para a degradação de baixas concentrações de uma grande gama de compostos orgânicos diferentes (hidrocarbonetos, aromáticos, alcóois, cetonas, etc) operando em condições ambientes. Um dos problemas que ainda impede sua aplicação industrial é a desativação do catalisador e por isso muitos grupos de pesquisa têm se dedicado ao estudo desta técnica na tentativa de melhorá-la e solucionar estes entraves. A atividade fotocatalítica do TiO2 pode ser melhorada pela adição de metais na sua superfície. Neste trabalho, preparou-se catalisadores de TiO2 por impregnação de Pt (1% m/m). A platina foi reduzida com NaBH4, fazendo-se posteriormente caracterização por DRX, XPS, UV ¿Vis, BET, Quimissorção de H2 e MEV/EDS para a validação do método de síntese. Todas as técnicas confirmaram que o método de redução com NaBH4 não modifica estruturalmente o TiO2, mantendo a sua cristalinidade e a razão de anatase/rutilo. A técnica de XPS indicou a presença de metal em estado de oxidação reduzido. Para o estudo da influência da impregnação de Pt no óxido titânio, foram realizados experimentos de fotocatálise em um reator recoberto com TiO2puro, e em um reator recoberto com TiO2/Pt variando-se a concentração de entrada (de 50 à 500 ppmv) ou o tempo de residência (de 10 à 50 s) para os COV n-octano, iso-octano, n-hexano e ciclohexano. Utilizou-se reatores tubulares com volume interno de 1160 ml com os catalisadores, dióxido de titânio puro ou modificado, imobilizados na parede interna dos reatores. A fonte de radiação UV foi uma lâmpada do tipo germicida de 100W de potência, caracterizada por comprimentos de onda de 254 nm (banda de emissão UV-C). As concentrações na entrada e na saída do reator foram analisadas através de um monitor contínuo de hidrocarbonetos do tipo FID. A adição de platina ao TiO2 gera uma melhoria na eficiência fotocatalítica nas reações de oxidação de COV; a conversão dos COV utilizando o catalisador impregnado com platina atingiu 99 % de conversão, enquanto que TiO2 puro atingiu, no máximo 93% / Abstract: Volatile organic compounds, or VOC, are an important class of air pollutants commonly found in the atmosphere at ground level in urban and industrial centers. The treatment of VOC from industrial sources by oxidative photodegradation is presented as a good alternative. These systems are promising as pollution control technology, since they can decompose low concentrations of VOC efficiently and in ambient conditions. The recombination of electrons and holes formed on the surface of TiO2 is a factor that limits the photocatalytic efficiency. For this reason, many efforts have been made to maximize the separation of charges, in order to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. A proposed alternative is to add noble metals to TiO2 structure. This work aims to study the degradation of volatile organic compounds by heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation using ultraviolet light, bare TiO2 and TiO2 impregnated with 1% w/w platinum as catalysts. TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnating Pt on TiO2 structure by reduction method with NaBH4. The photocatalysts were characterized using analytical techniques like XRD, XPS, UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance, BET, H2 Chemisorption and SEM/EDS to validate the method of synthesis. All analysis confirmed that the reduction method with NaBH4 do not structurally modify TiO2, keeping its crystallinity and the ratio of anatase/rutile. XPS indicates the presence of metal in reduced oxidation state. To study the influence of the impregnation of platinum on titania, after synthesis and characterization, the study of gas-solid heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of some VOC was carried out at room temperature with annular plug flow reactors (1160 ml), one coated with pure TiO2 and another coated with TiO2/Pt, the catalysts were immobilized on reactor¿s internal walls. The photocatalystic tests were performed for n-octane , iso-octane, n-hexane and ciclohexane varying the inlet concentration (from 50 to 500 ppm) or residence time (from 10 to 50 s). The light source was an UV lamp (100 W, wavelengths with a maximum intensity at 254 nm. Reactants and products concentrations were analyzed using a continuous monitoring with a total hydrocarbon analyzer with flame ionization detector (FID). The addition of platinum to TiO2 improves photocatalytic efficiency of oxidation of VOC; conversion of the VOC using impregnated catalyst reached 99%, whereas pure TiO2 was at most 93%. No título do trabalho, a fórmula TiO2 deve vir com o "2" em subscrito, pois trata-se da fómula química da substância / Mestrado / Processos em Tecnologia Química / Mestra em Engenharia Química

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Viana Paredes FilhoDissertacao.pdf: 2880775 bytes, checksum: 811c5430de6e51adbac8bc361dd36a3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / The waste without proper treatment constitute an environmental problem and its management should be conducted appropriately, either it be for its final disposal or recycling. Among the conventional alternatives to the waste treatment are the landfill, incineration, use of biodigesters and composting. The composting is a controlled aerobic decomposition process, where through this, we obtain a final product stable, sanitized, rich in humic compounds and whose use in soil offer no hazard to the environment and public health. The efficiency of the composting process is directly related to techniques that can provide great conditions in wich the microorganisms can multiply and work in the degradation of organic matter, such as the use of effective microorganisms (EM). This present study had as aimed to evaluate the reduction of the period of composting and the influence of the use of effective microorganisms in compost quality of the organic compound. The work was developed in the composting plant called Nutriorg Manufacture of Organic Fertilizers LTDA, located in São Sebastião da Bela Vista, MG, from March 2013 to July 2013. The preparation of the EM was performed using 4 m3 yogurt, 40 kg of wheat flour, 30 kg of sugar, 0,2 kg of bread yeast and 1 m3 of water. 5 windrows without EM where the same presented 1.5 m in height, 3m of base and 100 m of length, resulting in a volume of 225 m3. For the application of the EM in the windrows, the same was previously diluted in a proportion of 1:20, where it was applied in approximately 110 tons of waste mass. The collected data were subjected to Student's t test at the level of 5% significance to compare the averages of the obtained samples in the samples without and with EM, where the physical and chemical parameters were evaluated. Also were evaluated samples without and with EM to the biological agents and heavy metals to determine the quality of the compost produced. That was proved the reduction in the period of composting through the framing elements of CTC, pH and C / N ratio, indicating if the decomposition of organic matter reached desirable levels to be accorded to the status of the compound and for the "hand test". The performed statistical analyzes indicated a non-significant (P> 0.05) for the physico-chemical parameters without and with EM. Regarding biological agents and heavy metals, the same fell into the legislation and there was a significant reduction in the parameters of the compound with the use of EM. It is concluded that EM reduced composting period, however the effect was not justified the use of effective microorganisms in the composting process because without the compound EM, it was observed that the concentration of nutrients in the compound with EM were similar. / Os resíduos, sem o devido tratamento, constituem um problema ambiental e o seu gerenciamento deve ser conduzido de forma adequada, seja pela sua disposição final ou pela reciclagem. Entre as alternativas convencionais para o tratamento de resíduos estão: o aterro sanitário, a incineração, o uso de biodigestores e a compostagem. A compostagem é um processo de decomposição aeróbia controlada, onde através deste, obtêm-se um produto final estável, higienizado, rico em compostos húmicos e cuja utilização no solo não oferece riscos ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública. A eficiência do processo de compostagem está diretamente relacionada a técnicas que podem proporcionar condições ótimas para que os micro-organismos possam se multiplicar e atuar na degradação da matéria orgânica, como a utilização de micro-organismos eficazes (EM). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a redução do período de compostagem e a influência do uso de micro-organismos eficazes na qualidade do composto orgânico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na usina de compostagem denominada Nutriorg Fabricação de Adubos Orgânicos LTDA, situada no município de São Sebastião da Bela Vista, MG, no período de março de 2013 a julho de 2013. Foi realizado o preparo do EM utilizando-se 4 m3 de iogurte, 40 kg de farinha de trigo, 30 kg de açúcar, 0,2 kg de fermento de pão e 1 m3 de água. Foram montadas 5 leiras sem EM e 5 leiras com EM, onde as mesmas apresentaram 1,5 m de altura, 3 m de base e 100 m de comprimento,obtendo-se um volume de 225 m3. Para a aplicação do EM nas leiras, o mesmo foi previamente diluído numa proporção de 1:20, onde foi aplicado em cerca de 110 toneladas de massa de resíduos. Os dados coletados foram submetidos ao teste t de Student ao nível de 5 % de significância para comparar as médias das amostras obtidas nas amostras sem EM e com EM, onde se avaliaram os parâmetros físico-químicos. Foram avaliadas amostras sem EM e com EM para os agentes biológicos e metais pesados para determinar a qualidade do composto produzido. Comprovou-se a redução no período de compostagem através do enquadramento dos elementos CTC, pH e relação C/N, que indicam se a decomposição da matéria orgânica atingiu níveis desejáveis para que seja atribuída a qualidade do composto e pelo teste da mão . As análises estatísticas realizadas indicaram uma não significância (P>0,05) para os parâmetros físico-químicos sem EM e com EM. Quanto aos agentes biológicos e metais pesados, os mesmos enquadraram-se na legislação e ocorreu uma redução expressiva nos parâmetros do composto com o uso do EM. Conclui-se que o EM reduziu o período de compostagem, entretanto não se justificou a influência no uso de micro-organismos eficazes no processo de compostagem, pois no composto sem EM, observou-se que a concentração de nutrientes no composto com EM foram semelhantes.

The main goal of this thesis was to study plasma generated by surface discharge and its application in volatile organic compound destruction. Introduction of this thesis deals with the issue of volatile organic compound. The term of volatile organic compound was defined and explained. Summary of the most important sources of volatile organic compound emissions and possible technics for their elimination was presented. This thesis drew attention on negative aspects of volatile organic compounds on human organism and on the whole environment. The problems of surface discharge and its possible application in various branches are known only few years therefore construction of plasma reactor itself was the first independent step of this work. The plasma reactor was consisted of electrode, which was created from the series of metal stripes each other separated by dielectric barrier. On the surface of the electrode, discharge was regulated and distributed. For the reason of technical limits experiment time was limited up to one minute. The experimental part describes reactor for surface discharge and other parts of apparatus in which degradation volatile organic compound was carried out. Nitrogen was used as carrier gas and it was mixed with air before entering into the reactor. Samples of compounds after degradation process were taken from reactor for the subsequent analysis. Analysis of the products proceeded in a gas chromatogram linked to mass spectrometer. The decomposition products were adsorbed in the SPME filaments or in sorption tubes. The decomposition products were analysed also through the mean of Testo 350 M/XL. This apparatus provided the information on the concentration of small molecules such as CO, H2, NO, NO2 and CxHy Hexane, cyclohexane and xylene were used as VOC examples. Analysis of GC-MS showed decomposition products of hexane, cyclohexane and xylene. The decomposition products were especially various alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and benzene compounds. The apparatus Testo 350 M/XL was unable to detect any CxHy, only large quantity of NO2. This thesis was further focused on possible factors which could have an influence on degradation of compounds, for example input power or different flow of oxygen. It was found that increasing power declined the removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency was 87 % for degradation of hexane at the lowest input power. Next part of this thesis was focused on diagnostics of plasma generated in the surface discharge form. The optical emission spectroscopy has been chosen as the best method for plasma characterisation. By this method, various important discharge parameters can be determined, e.g. vibration and rotation temperature. The obtained numeric value of rotation temperature was 840±80 K and vibration temperature was 1880±140 K. The obtained results may be used as a fundament for further study of VOC decomposition in surface discharge.

Orientador: João Antonio Galbiatti / Coorientador: Márcio José Santana / Banca: Américo Iorio Ciociola Júnior / Banca: Haroldo Silva Vallone / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani / Banca: Rogério Teixeira de Faria / Resumo: Na produção de hortaliças é fator determinante a adubação aplicada nas dosagens corretas e a reposição de água no solo em quantidades ideais. A adubação com compostos orgânicos pode diminuir o custo da produção e proporcionar aumento da produtividade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar os efeitos das reposições de água de irrigação na produtividade, e a dosagem do composto de lixo a ser utilizada na cultura do pimentão quando cultivada em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa modelo arco com 280 m2. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 24 tratamentos em esquema fatorial de 6 x 4 (formas de adubação e reposição de água no solo, respectivamente). Quanto à adubação, foram seis formas: adubação mineral e adubação com composto de lixo orgânico (4 t ha-1, 8 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 e 16 t ha-1), mais uma testemunha sem adição de adubos. Quanto às reposições de água no solo foram de 70%, 100%, 130% e 160% da lâmina necessária para elevar o solo à capacidade de campo. Foram determinados o número de frutos, altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, eficiência do uso da água e a produtividade da cultura. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que quando a reposição de água no solo foi efetuada integralmente (100% de reposição) a produtividade foi similar entre as adubações com composto de lixo orgânico de 16 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 e 8 t ha-1 / Abstract: In vegetables production, the correct dosages of applied fertilizer and replacement of water in the soil in optimal amounts is a determining factor. The fertilization with organic compounds can decrease the production cost and provide increased productivity. This study aimed to: determine the effects of different replacement of irrigation water in crop yield, and optimal dosage of organic compound to be used in sweet pepper when grown in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a bow model greenhouse with 280 m2. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with 24 treatments in a factorial arrangement of 6 x 4 (types of fertilization and water replacement in the soil, respectively). As for fertilization, it's used six forms: fertilization with mineral fertilizer and organic compound (4 t ha-1, 8 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 and 16 t ha-1) and one as control, without addition of fertilizers. For the water replacement in the soil, it's used 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of the blade to raise the soil at field capacity. It was determined the number of fruits, plants height, stalk diameter, efficiency of water use and crop productivity. Among the results, it was found that when the replacement of water in the soil was made in full (100% replacement) the productivity was similar between the fertilizer with organic waste compound of 16 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 and 8 t ha-1 / Doutor