De multiples réseaux d'agriculteurs et de jardiniers maintiennent la biodiversité cultivée dans le monde. Leurs pratiques de gestion de la santé des plantes demeurent peu étudiées. La thèse a pour objectif de caractériser l'articulation entre gestion de la biodiversité cultivée et gouvernance de la santé des plantes, se saisissant du cas d'une association d'artisans semenciers, les Croqueurs de Carottes. Elle développe une approche interdisciplinaire et transformatrice pour décrire et comprendre la gouvernance de la santé du haricot par ces acteurs, dans une perspective agroécologique. La théorie de l'acteur-réseau est mobilisée pour situer l'analyse à l’intersection entre approches agronomique et sociologique, reposant sur les données produites par un triple dispositif : expérimentations à la ferme, entretiens semi-directifs et observation participante.Nous qualifions d’in situ l'approche de la santé des plantes des Croqueurs dont l’objectif est de vivre avec les agents pathogènes potentiels. Fondées sur des interactions écologiques entre plantes et terroir, les compétences contribuant à la gestion de la santé des plantes sont distribuées à travers le système de production. Que ce soit en termes de santé ou de biodiversité, un lot de semence est l'expression d'un jeu complexe d'interactions. Il est alors difficile de délimiter des populations de plantes de leur terroir de manière précise. Par conséquent, (i) la santé des plantes ne peut être jugée qu'in situ, dans l'environnement dans lequel elles évoluent et (ii) la gouvernance de la santé des plantes doit être prise e / All over the globe, networks of seed growers are cultivating crop diversity in fields and gardens. Their contribution to the maintenance of this diversity has been studied, but research has widely left aside their management of plant health. The governance of bean health practiced by an association of artisanal seed companies, Croqueurs de Carottes, is approached as a case study in the objective of specifying how management of crop diversity and governance of plant health are articulated. Their concern for the governance of bean health is elucidated from an agroecological perspective, taking an interdisciplinary and transformative approach. Actor-network theory constitutes the backbone of the thesis, situated between agronomy and sociology and drawing upon a threefold research device: on-farm experiments, semi-directive interviews and participant observation.The Croqueurs' approach to bean health is described as in situ approach, in which plant populations are considered healthy if they are able to live with potential plant pathogens and adapt to their growing environments. Relying on ecological interactions, competences of plant health management are distributed throughout the production system. Both for plant health and crop diversity management, a seed lot is determined by a complex system of interactions. A clear boundary distinguishing plant populations from their growing environment cannot be drawn. This implies (i) that plant health must be judged upon in situ in the plants' growing environment and (ii) that the governance of plant health must be considered at the

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T13:20:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marta Clauzet Leite de Souza - 2018.pdf: 1760813 bytes, checksum: c537cfcbdac00aa7ba9dadcd93c86667 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T13:21:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marta Clauzet Leite de Souza - 2018.pdf: 1760813 bytes, checksum: c537cfcbdac00aa7ba9dadcd93c86667 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T13:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marta Clauzet Leite de Souza - 2018.pdf: 1760813 bytes, checksum: c537cfcbdac00aa7ba9dadcd93c86667 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The production of organic vegetables suffers from the lack of availability of seeds suitable for cultivation. The research aims to know the origin of the seeds of vegetables grown in the world, in Brazil and next to the Association for the Development of Organic Agriculture of Goiás (ADAO). The behavior of the countries of Europe, Argentina, Chile, Japan and the United States were studied through a bibliographic review, which focused on the organic legislation and its requirements related to the use of the seed. In Brazil, organic production and research initiatives were studied through bibliographic review and interviews. Also through interviews conducted from April to December 2017, the main difficulties faced by ADAO farmers in producing and using organic vegetable seeds were studied. International legislation, because it originates in the same documents, resembles the requirements for seeds. Europe stands out because it has not allowed the use of conventional seeds since 2013. Brazilian research institutions, companies and associations that work with organic seeds of vegetables sell few seeds, but contribute to the development of the sector, stimulating the farmer to develop their production. In Goias, despite the diversity in cultivation, with 52 species of different vegetables, the dependence of conventional seeds is still high and one way to minimize it would be the production of own seeds. The change in this scenario is not sudden, nor can it depend only on one sector, it is a joint effort. Successful experiences must be exchanged, replicated, and each region adapting to the best solution. / A produção de hortaliças orgânicas sofre com a falta de disponibilidade de sementes adequadas para seu cultivo. A pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer a origem das sementes de hortaliças cultivadas no mundo, no Brasil e junto à Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Agricultura Orgânica de Goiás (ADAO). O comportamento dos países da Europa, Argentina, Chile, Japão e Estados Unidos foram estudados através de revisão bibliográfica, que teve como foco a legislação orgânica e suas exigências relacionadas ao uso da semente. No Brasil, foram estudadas as iniciativas de produção e pesquisa com sementes orgânicas, através de revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas. Também por meio de entrevistas realizadas no período de abril a dezembro de 2017, foram estudadas as principais dificuldades dos agricultores da ADAO, em produzir e utilizar sementes orgânicas de hortaliças. A legislação internacional, por ter origem nos mesmos documentos, assemelha-se nas exigências às sementes. A Europa se destaca por não permitir o uso de sementes convencionais, desde 2013. As instituições de pesquisa brasileira, empresas e associações que desenvolvem trabalhos com sementes orgânicas de hortaliças comercializam pouca quantidade de sementes, mas contribuem para o desenvolvimento do setor, estimulando o agricultor a desenvolver sua produção. Em Goiás, apesar da diversidade no cultivo, com 52 espécies de hortaliças diferentes, a dependência das sementes convencionais ainda é alta e uma forma de minimizá-la seria a produção de sementes próprias. A mudança neste cenário não é repentina, nem pode depender apenas de um setor, é um trabalho conjunto. As experiências de sucesso devem ser trocadas, replicadas e cada região se adaptar a melhor solução.