Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000751281.pdf: 1417271 bytes, checksum: fa65857f4f8010ff39d07e4ccfef8730 (MD5) / A glicerina bruta é um resíduo da produção de biodiesel de baixo valor agregado, no entanto, possui alto teor de carbono e potencial para produzir bons resultados se co-digerida de maneira anaeróbia com um material rico em nitrogênio como os dejetos de animais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a co-digestão de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros e dois tipos de glicerina bruta: bruta e bruta loira, em biodigestores anaeróbios operados em sistema semi-contínuo, sob delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições por tratamento, sendo DBL – dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + água; DBL+GB – dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + glicerina bruta + água; DBL+GL – dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + glicerina bruta loira + água. As cargas diárias foram iniciadas tanto no DBL+GB como no DBL+GL com 1,25% de glicerina bruta passando em seguida para 2,5; 5; 7,5, 10, 15 e 20%; os aumentos nas porcentagens foram graduais e realizados a cada 30 dias, sendo este o TRH estabelecido. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: pH, acidez volátil (AV), alcalinidade total (AT), relação AV/AT, temperatura, reduções dos teores de sólidos totais (ST) e de sólidos voláteis (SV), produção de biogás/dia, teor de metano (CH4), potencial de produção de biogás por quilograma: de substrato (m3 kg-1 subst.), de sólidos totais adicionados (m3 kg-1ST adic.), de sólidos voláteis adicionados (m3 kg-1 SV adic.) e de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros (m3 kg-1 dej.), teores de... / Crude glycerin is a waste from biodiesel production with a low added value, however, it has a high carbon content and potential to produce good results if it is co-digested with a rich nitrogen material as animal manures. This way, the aim of this study was the co-digestion evaluation of dairy cattle manures and two types of crude glycerin: crude and blonde crude, in anaerobic digesters operated in semi-continuous system, under experimental design entirely randomized with 5 repetitions for each treatment, DBL – dairy cattle manures + water; DBL+GB - dairy cattle manures + crude glycerin + water; DBL+GL - dairy cattle manures + blonde crude glycerin + water. Daily loads were initiated both in DBL+GB and DBL+GL with 1,25% of crude glycerin and then rising to 2,5; 5; 7,5, 10, 15 and 20%; increases in percentages were made gradually and every 30 days. The parameters assessed were: pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), total alkalinity (TA), VFA/TA ratio, temperature, removal of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS), biogas production, methane rate (CH4), potential of biogas production per kilogram: of substrate (m3 kg-1 subst.), total solids added (m3 kg-1 TS add.), volatile solids added (m3 kg-1 VS add.) and dairy cattle manures (m3 kg-1 dej.), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and organic matter content and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Least Square Means statistics was used to analyze the data (p<0,05). DBL+GB and DBL+GL treatments provided increments in biogas production in relation to DBL in all crude glycerin percentages tested. CH4 contents have been satisfactory and always above 59%, in all treatments. The ST and VS removals from DBL were less than DBL+GB and DBL+GL, and in these, increases in crude glycerin quantities accompanied. Potentials of biogas production varied according to the analyzed parameter: per kg of substrate and per kg of manures were higher in DBL+GB and in DBL+GL ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_at_dr_botfca.pdf: 540232 bytes, checksum: a35a4cac7aab273cfb7389bf3d329beb (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho econômico e a eficiência do tratamento biológico aeróbio, na redução e estabilização da matéria orgânica biodegradável, de dejetos líquidos de bovinos, visando a sua reciclagem na limpeza hidráulica das instalações dos animais (free stall) e sua posterior utilização nas áreas de produção de forragem. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações do Sistema Intensivo de Produção de Leite (SIPL) da Embrapa - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite (CNPGL), situado no município de Coronel Pacheco, MG. Dois reatores com capacidade útil de 300 m3 cada um foram construídos para compor as unidades do processo de lodo ativado por batelada (LAB), com sistemas de aeração prolongada e intermitente. Esses reatores foram dimensionados para um tempo de detenção hidráulico de 24 dias, com diluição dos dejetos (fezes + urina) em água na proporção de 1:1. Em cada reator foi instalado um aerador-misturador submersível, regulados para períodos de aeração de nove minutos e não-aeração de 18 minutos. Uma motobomba de rotor aberto, com vazão de 60 m3/h, foi utilizada para reciclar o efluente tratado sobre os corredores dos galpões de confinamento free stall e promover a limpeza hidráulica dos dejetos, que retornam aos tanques de aeração por gravidade por meio de canaletas. A drenagem dos reatores foi processada por uma motobomba submersa, com vazão de 10 m3/h, conduzindo o efluente até as áreas de produção de forragem, por escoamento superficial. A caracterização dos efluentes foi realizada por meio de amostragens na entrada e no interior dos tanques de aeração, na saída da tubulação de irrigação e dos dejetos puros dos animais. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, temperatura, óleos e graxas, DBO total e solúvel, DQO total e solúvel, sólidos totais fixos e voláteis sólidos... / The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic performance and efficiency of an aerobic biological treatment on the reduction and stabilization of the biodegradable organic matter of the bovine liquid manure. This effluent will be recycled in the hydraulic cleaning of the facilities (free stalls) and utilized in grass production areas. This work was done in the Embrapa - milk production intensive system (MPIS) facilities in Coronel Pacheco, state of Minas Gerais. Two reactors with capacity of 300 m3 each were built as the activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) units with prolonged and intermittent aeration. These reactors were dimensioned for a hydraulic retention time of 24 days with wastewater (manure + urine) dilution in water on the proportion of 1:1. In each reactor a submerged aerator-mixer was installed, with aeration and non-aeration periods of 9 and 18 minutes, respectively. A motor-pumping equipment with open rotor and flow of 60 m3/h was used for recycling the treated effluent on the halls of the free stall confinement facilities and to promote hydraulic cleaning of the effluent that will return to the aeration tanks by gravity conducted by channel structures. The drainage of the reactors was processed by a submerged motor-pumping equipment with flow of 10 m3/h driving the effluent to the grass production areas throughout superficial disposal. Effluent characterization was done by collecting samples on the entrance and the interior of the tanks, on the gate of the irrigation tubulation and on the bovine pure manure. There were analyzed the following parameters: pH, temperature, oils and fats, soluble and total BOD, soluble and total COD, volatile and total solids, sedimented solids, ammonia and total nitrogen, potassium, total phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. To evaluate the economic performance of the system, the costs, the annual investments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Júnior / Banca: Monica Sarolli S. M.Costa / Banca: Adriane de Andrade Silva / Banca: Marco Antonio M. Biaggioni / Banca: Sérgio Campos / Resumo: A glicerina bruta é um resíduo da produção de biodiesel de baixo valor agregado, no entanto, possui alto teor de carbono e potencial para produzir bons resultados se co-digerida de maneira anaeróbia com um material rico em nitrogênio como os dejetos de animais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a co-digestão de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros e dois tipos de glicerina bruta: bruta e bruta loira, em biodigestores anaeróbios operados em sistema semi-contínuo, sob delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições por tratamento, sendo DBL - dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + água; DBL+GB - dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + glicerina bruta + água; DBL+GL - dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + glicerina bruta loira + água. As cargas diárias foram iniciadas tanto no DBL+GB como no DBL+GL com 1,25% de glicerina bruta passando em seguida para 2,5; 5; 7,5, 10, 15 e 20%; os aumentos nas porcentagens foram graduais e realizados a cada 30 dias, sendo este o TRH estabelecido. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: pH, acidez volátil (AV), alcalinidade total (AT), relação AV/AT, temperatura, reduções dos teores de sólidos totais (ST) e de sólidos voláteis (SV), produção de biogás/dia, teor de metano (CH4), potencial de produção de biogás por quilograma: de substrato (m3 kg-1 subst.), de sólidos totais adicionados (m3 kg-1ST adic.), de sólidos voláteis adicionados (m3 kg-1 SV adic.) e de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros (m3 kg-1 dej.), teores de ... / Abstract: Crude glycerin is a waste from biodiesel production with a low added value, however, it has a high carbon content and potential to produce good results if it is co-digested with a rich nitrogen material as animal manures. This way, the aim of this study was the co-digestion evaluation of dairy cattle manures and two types of crude glycerin: crude and blonde crude, in anaerobic digesters operated in semi-continuous system, under experimental design entirely randomized with 5 repetitions for each treatment, DBL - dairy cattle manures + water; DBL+GB - dairy cattle manures + crude glycerin + water; DBL+GL - dairy cattle manures + blonde crude glycerin + water. Daily loads were initiated both in DBL+GB and DBL+GL with 1,25% of crude glycerin and then rising to 2,5; 5; 7,5, 10, 15 and 20%; increases in percentages were made gradually and every 30 days. The parameters assessed were: pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), total alkalinity (TA), VFA/TA ratio, temperature, removal of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS), biogas production, methane rate (CH4), potential of biogas production per kilogram: of substrate (m3 kg-1 subst.), total solids added (m3 kg-1 TS add.), volatile solids added (m3 kg-1 VS add.) and dairy cattle manures (m3 kg-1 dej.), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and organic matter content and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Least Square Means statistics was used to analyze the data (p<0,05). DBL+GB and DBL+GL treatments provided increments in biogas production in relation to DBL in all crude glycerin percentages tested. CH4 contents have been satisfactory and always above 59%, in all treatments. The ST and VS removals from DBL were less than DBL+GB and DBL+GL, and in these, increases in crude glycerin quantities accompanied. Potentials of biogas production varied according to the analyzed parameter: per kg of substrate and per kg of manures were higher in DBL+GB and in DBL+GL ... / Doutor

Garden refuse has been seen to constitute a significant proportion of the total waste stream received at landfills in the eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA). With the growing demand for conserving “precious landfill airspace” as a result of limited availability of land for new landfill development, there is a shift in the mindsets of landfill operators to adopt alternative methods of treatment other than the traditional way of landfilling. As a result composting of green waste stream was seen as the most appropriate treatment solution as not only would there be a direct landfill airspace saving but the added environmental, economical and social sustainable benefits to the city. The first South African Waste Summit saw the signing of the Polokwane Declaration i.e. “Reduce waste generation and disposal by 50% and 25% respectively by 2012 and develop a plan for ZERO WASTE by 2022”. Hence, the push for composting to try and achieve waste reduction to landfills. The Dome Aeration Technology (DAT) is an advanced treatment option for aerobic biological degradation of garden refuse (Mollekopf et al, 2002, Trois and Polster, 2006). The originality of the DAT system is the use of passive aeration brought about by thermal driven advection through open windrows which is induced by thermal differences between the composting material and the ambient atmosphere (Polster, 2003). Previous work on organic waste composting using the DAT on a small scale showed that good quality compost was attainable within 6 weeks of composting (Moodley 2005). This study offers comparative performances between DAT system and Traditional Turned Windrows (TTW) in composting garden refuse and recommending the most appropriate system for integration into existing landfill operations. Full scale windrows were constructed for each system at the Bisasar Road Landfill Site in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal to evaluate the influence of climate, quality of compost, operational requirements and feasibility. The process monitoring for the DAT windrow showed that temperatures reached thermophilic ranges within a week of composting which confirms that of the German studies. Waste characterisation of both input and output materials are discussed for both systems with recommendations on the most practical and appropriate system applicable to that of an operational landfill are drawn. The study further concludes with potential uses of the composted garden refuse within landfill sites and its contribution to “closed loop” landfilling yet within an integrated waste management plan. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

by Ng Ki Chi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-145). / Acknowledgments / Abstract / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Waste Management in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Sources of Organic Wastes and Their Characteristics --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Animal manure --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Food waste --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organic Waste Recycling --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Organic wastes for land application --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Animal manure --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Plant residue --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Composting --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Biogas production --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Organic wastes as feedstuffs or feed supplements --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Animal manure --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Plant residue --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.4.4 --- Biological products from waste conversion --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and Outlines of the Present Study --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Vermiculture of Eisenia foetida and Pheretima asciatica on Different Agro- industrial Wastes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Collection of materials --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of earthworms --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Culture trial --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Harvesting of earthworms --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- "Chemical analysis of bedding material, wastes and worm tissues" --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chemical properties of organic wastes and bedding material --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Heavy metal contents in bedding material and organic wastes --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Effects of organic wastes on worm growth --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Effects of organic wastes on protein contents and protein yields --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Effects of Soybean Waste, Pig Manure and Digested Sludge on the Quality of Worm Meal From Eisenia foetida and Pheretima asciatica" --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Collection of materials --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Preparation of earthworms --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Experimental design and setup --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Harvesting of earthworms --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Chemical analysis of worm tissues --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effects of wastes on worm growth --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Nutrient contents of earthworms from different wastes --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Heavy metal contents in earthworm tissues --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Worm Meal as Protein Source for Fish Diet --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Preparation of experimental diets --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Feeding experiment --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Growth response --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Growth --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Mortality --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Tissue chemical composition --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Nutritional contents --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Heavy metal contents --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Worm Worked Bedding as Potting Media for Plant Growth --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Preparation of potting media --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Chemical analysis of potting media --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Plant growth experiment --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Tissue analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Chemical properties of potting media --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Plant growth status --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Heavy metal contents in plant tissues --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.126 / References --- p.130

Orientador: Widsney Alves Ferreira. / Banca: Ademercio Antonio Paccola / Banca: Jorge de Lucas Junior / Banca: Rubens Carneiro Ulbanere / Banca: Roberto Maciel Cardoso / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho econômico e a eficiência do tratamento biológico aeróbio, na redução e estabilização da matéria orgânica biodegradável, de dejetos líquidos de bovinos, visando a sua reciclagem na limpeza hidráulica das instalações dos animais ("free stall") e sua posterior utilização nas áreas de produção de forragem. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações do Sistema Intensivo de Produção de Leite (SIPL) da Embrapa - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite (CNPGL), situado no município de Coronel Pacheco, MG. Dois reatores com capacidade útil de 300 m3 cada um foram construídos para compor as unidades do processo de lodo ativado por batelada (LAB), com sistemas de aeração prolongada e intermitente. Esses reatores foram dimensionados para um tempo de detenção hidráulico de 24 dias, com diluição dos dejetos (fezes + urina) em água na proporção de 1:1. Em cada reator foi instalado um aerador-misturador submersível, regulados para períodos de aeração de nove minutos e não-aeração de 18 minutos. Uma motobomba de rotor aberto, com vazão de 60 m3/h, foi utilizada para reciclar o efluente tratado sobre os corredores dos galpões de confinamento "free stall" e promover a limpeza hidráulica dos dejetos, que retornam aos tanques de aeração por gravidade por meio de canaletas. A drenagem dos reatores foi processada por uma motobomba submersa, com vazão de 10 m3/h, conduzindo o efluente até as áreas de produção de forragem, por escoamento superficial. A caracterização dos efluentes foi realizada por meio de amostragens na entrada e no interior dos tanques de aeração, na saída da tubulação de irrigação e dos dejetos puros dos animais. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, temperatura, óleos e graxas, DBO total e solúvel, DQO total e solúvel, sólidos totais fixos e voláteis sólidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic performance and efficiency of an aerobic biological treatment on the reduction and stabilization of the biodegradable organic matter of the bovine liquid manure. This effluent will be recycled in the hydraulic cleaning of the facilities (free stalls) and utilized in grass production areas. This work was done in the Embrapa - milk production intensive system (MPIS) facilities in Coronel Pacheco, state of Minas Gerais. Two reactors with capacity of 300 m3 each were built as the activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) units with prolonged and intermittent aeration. These reactors were dimensioned for a hydraulic retention time of 24 days with wastewater (manure + urine) dilution in water on the proportion of 1:1. In each reactor a submerged aerator-mixer was installed, with aeration and non-aeration periods of 9 and 18 minutes, respectively. A motor-pumping equipment with open rotor and flow of 60 m3/h was used for recycling the treated effluent on the halls of the free stall confinement facilities and to promote hydraulic cleaning of the effluent that will return to the aeration tanks by gravity conducted by channel structures. The drainage of the reactors was processed by a submerged motor-pumping equipment with flow of 10 m3/h driving the effluent to the grass production areas throughout superficial disposal. Effluent characterization was done by collecting samples on the entrance and the interior of the tanks, on the gate of the irrigation tubulation and on the bovine pure manure. There were analyzed the following parameters: pH, temperature, oils and fats, soluble and total BOD, soluble and total COD, volatile and total solids, sedimented solids, ammonia and total nitrogen, potassium, total phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. To evaluate the economic performance of the system, the costs, the annual investments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:20:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000794102.pdf: 1268699 bytes, checksum: 5c78e18c86f9b13f0b0dacbba6035c9c (MD5) / A grande expansão das indústrias e do mercado consumidor tem provocado, nas últimas décadas, a geração de elevadas quantidades de resíduos. Com a produção de papel e celulose, as indústrias do setor têm gerado diariamente grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos e efluentes, constituindo-se em uma grande preocupação ambiental e econômica. No intuito de retornar com estes subprodutos de forma sustentável à natureza, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, em casa de vegetação usando colunas de solo e ciclos de umedecimento, o efeito da aplicação de resíduos da extração de celulose nos atributos físicos do solo e químicos da solução e do solo, especialmente aqueles relacionados à dispersão de argila de dois Latossolos Vermelhos. O experimento foi implantado na Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), localizada no município de Ilha Solteira, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições, para cada solo. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 – sem adição de calcário e resíduo (controle); T2 – 1,0 t ha-1 de calcário calcítico; T3 – 1,2 t ha-1 de dregs/grits; T4 – 0,8 t ha-1 de lama cal; T5 – 2,4 t ha-1 de cinza; T6 – 1,8 t ha-1 de dregs/grits + lama cal + cinza na proporção 1:3:6; T7 – 1,0 t ha-1 de dregs/grits + lama cal na proporção 1:3. O solo foi coletado e caracterizado química e físicamente antes do período do experimento. Durante o período de incubação foi avaliado o potencial matricial do solo por meio de tensiômetros e a composição química da solução extraída de cada solo estudado por extratores de solução. Após esse período, desmontando as colunas de solo, foram avaliados os atributos físicos: distribuição e estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo, densidade do solo, granulometria e também os atributos químicos solo: MO, pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na, H + Al, Al. A ... / The great expansion of industry and the consumer market has led, in recent decades, the generation of large amounts of waste. With the production of cellulose and paper the industries in the sector have generated daily large amounts of solid waste and effluents, thus becoming a major environmental and economic concern. In order to return with these by-products in a sustainable manner to nature, the purpose of the study was to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, using soil columns and cycles of wetting, the effect of residues from the cellulose extraction in the soil physical and chemical attributes and chemical soil solution, especially those related to the scattering of two Oxisols different texture. The experiment was established at the Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), located in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 7 treatments and 4 replicates for each soil. The treatments were: T1 - without the addition of lime and residue (control), T2 - 1.0 t ha-1 of limestone, T3 - 1.2 t ha-1 dregs/grits, T4 - 0.8 t ha-1 of lime mud; T5 - 2.4 t ha-1 ash, T6 - 1.8 t ha-1 dregs/grits + lime mud + ash in the ratio 1:3: 6, T7 – 1.0 t ha-1 dregs/grits + lime mud in the ratio 1:3. The soil was collected and characterized chemically and physically before the period of the experiment. During the incubation period was assessed soil matric potential by tensiometers and chemical composition of the extracted soil solution. After this period, dismounted the soil columns and the physical attributes were evaluated: distribution and aggregate stability, soil porosity, soil bulk density, particle size and also the soil chemical attributes: OM, pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na, H + Al, Al . The BS, CEC and Base saturation % were calculated. The results were analyzed by performing analysis of variance and ...

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Bacillus licheniformis é uma bactéria versátil, e tem sido utilizada atualmente na produção de diversos produtos bitecnológicos. As lipases (E.C.3.1.1.3 ) são enzimas encontradas na natureza, podendo ser obtidas de fontes animais, vegetais e microbianas, sendo essas últimas bastante utilizadas devido a série de vantagens apresentadas frente as demais. A utilização de rejeitos industriais para produção e formulação de meios de produção de diversos bioprodutos, tem surgido como uma alternativa de minimizar o descarte de rejeitos das diversas indústrias de produção, principalmente as de origem alimentícia. Sorvetes são produtos alimentícios obtidos a partir de uma emulsão de gorduras e proteínas, com ou sem a adição de outros ingredientes e substâncias que tenham sido submetidas ao congelamento, a sua produção em larga escala gera resíduos sólido-líquidos com uma grande quantidade de gorduras e outros resíduos orgânicos. Neste trabalho, inicialmente foram realizados estudos para selecionar meio alternativo para produção de lipase por B. licheniformis (UCP 1014). E a seguir a formulação de um meio alternativo de produção, utilizando um resíduo da indústria de sorvete através de um planejamento fatorial de 24. Os ensaios ocorreram durante 96h, a 37oC Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o meio denominado de C (glicose 1,0%, peptona, 2,0%, extrato de levedura 0,5%, óleo de oliva, 1,0%, NaNO3 0,1%, KH2PO4 0,1%, MgSO4. 7H2O 0,05%), apresentando uma atividade lipolítica de 256 (U/ml)/min. Os ensaios referentes ao planejamento fatorial, indicaram que o ensaio 11 apresentou a maior atividade de 480 U/mL, para a lipase produzida. Os resultados obtidos sugerem o reaproveitamento de resíduos oleosos provenientes da indústria de sorvete para formulação e produção de lipase microbiana. / The bacterium Bacillus licheniformis is a versatile, and has been used currently in production of various bitecnológicos. Lipases ( E.C.3.1.1.3) are enzymes found in nature and may be obtained from animal sources, plants and microbes, the latter being widely used due to several advantages presented against the other. The use of industrial wastes for production and formulation of means of production of various bioproducts, has emerged as an alternative to minimize the disposal of tailings from various manufacturing industries, especially those from food. Ice creams are food products obtained from an emulsion of fats and proteins, with or without the addition of other ingredients and substances which have been subjected to freezing their production generates large-scale solid-liquid waste with a large amount of fat and other organic wastes. In this work I study was conducted to select an alternative means for lipase production by B. licheniformis (UCP 1014). And then the formulation of an alternative means of production, using waste from ice cream industry through a factorial design, 24. The tests occurred during 96h at 37oC The results indicated that the middle called C (glucose 1.0%, peptone 2.0%, 0.5% yeast extract, olive oil, 1.0%, NaNO3 0.1%, 0.1% KH2PO4, MgSO4. 7H2O 0.05%), indicating a lipase activity of 256 (U / ml) / min. Tests of the factorial design, the test indicated that 11 had the highest activity of 480 U / mL for lipase production. The results suggest the reuse of waste oil from the ice cream industry for the development and production of microbial lipase.

Orientador: Marlene Cristina Alves / Co-orientador: Flavia Carvalho Silva Fernandes / Banca: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho / Banca: Zigomar Menezes de Souza / Resumo: A grande expansão das indústrias e do mercado consumidor tem provocado, nas últimas décadas, a geração de elevadas quantidades de resíduos. Com a produção de papel e celulose, as indústrias do setor têm gerado diariamente grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos e efluentes, constituindo-se em uma grande preocupação ambiental e econômica. No intuito de retornar com estes subprodutos de forma sustentável à natureza, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, em casa de vegetação usando colunas de solo e ciclos de umedecimento, o efeito da aplicação de resíduos da extração de celulose nos atributos físicos do solo e químicos da solução e do solo, especialmente aqueles relacionados à dispersão de argila de dois Latossolos Vermelhos. O experimento foi implantado na Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), localizada no município de Ilha Solteira, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições, para cada solo. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 - sem adição de calcário e resíduo (controle); T2 - 1,0 t ha-1 de calcário calcítico; T3 - 1,2 t ha-1 de dregs/grits; T4 - 0,8 t ha-1 de lama cal; T5 - 2,4 t ha-1 de cinza; T6 - 1,8 t ha-1 de dregs/grits + lama cal + cinza na proporção 1:3:6; T7 - 1,0 t ha-1 de dregs/grits + lama cal na proporção 1:3. O solo foi coletado e caracterizado química e físicamente antes do período do experimento. Durante o período de incubação foi avaliado o potencial matricial do solo por meio de tensiômetros e a composição química da solução extraída de cada solo estudado por extratores de solução. Após esse período, desmontando as colunas de solo, foram avaliados os atributos físicos: distribuição e estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo, densidade do solo, granulometria e também os atributos químicos solo: MO, pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na, H + Al, Al. A ... / Abstract: The great expansion of industry and the consumer market has led, in recent decades, the generation of large amounts of waste. With the production of cellulose and paper the industries in the sector have generated daily large amounts of solid waste and effluents, thus becoming a major environmental and economic concern. In order to return with these by-products in a sustainable manner to nature, the purpose of the study was to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, using soil columns and cycles of wetting, the effect of residues from the cellulose extraction in the soil physical and chemical attributes and chemical soil solution, especially those related to the scattering of two Oxisols different texture. The experiment was established at the Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), located in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 7 treatments and 4 replicates for each soil. The treatments were: T1 - without the addition of lime and residue (control), T2 - 1.0 t ha-1 of limestone, T3 - 1.2 t ha-1 dregs/grits, T4 - 0.8 t ha-1 of lime mud; T5 - 2.4 t ha-1 ash, T6 - 1.8 t ha-1 dregs/grits + lime mud + ash in the ratio 1:3: 6, T7 - 1.0 t ha-1 dregs/grits + lime mud in the ratio 1:3. The soil was collected and characterized chemically and physically before the period of the experiment. During the incubation period was assessed soil matric potential by tensiometers and chemical composition of the extracted soil solution. After this period, dismounted the soil columns and the physical attributes were evaluated: distribution and aggregate stability, soil porosity, soil bulk density, particle size and also the soil chemical attributes: OM, pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na, H + Al, Al . The BS, CEC and Base saturation % were calculated. The results were analyzed by performing analysis of variance and ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ladiel_luiz_pedrozo_tavares.pdf: 1056271 bytes, checksum: 10d14c9baea2d68dab838c2177a14816 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The bacterium Bacillus licheniformis is a versatile, and has been used currently in production of various bitecnológicos. Lipases ( E.C.3.1.1.3) are enzymes found in nature and may be obtained from animal sources, plants and microbes, the latter being widely used due to several advantages presented against the other. The use of industrial wastes for production and formulation of means of production of various bioproducts, has emerged as an alternative to minimize the disposal of tailings from various manufacturing industries, especially those from food. Ice creams are food products obtained from an emulsion of fats and proteins, with or without the addition of other ingredients and substances which have been subjected to freezing their production generates large-scale solid-liquid waste with a large amount of fat and other organic wastes. In this work I study was conducted to select an alternative means for lipase production by B. licheniformis (UCP 1014). And then the formulation of an alternative means of production, using waste from ice cream industry through a factorial design, 24. The tests occurred during 96h at 37oC The results indicated that the middle called C (glucose 1.0%, peptone 2.0%, 0.5% yeast extract, olive oil, 1.0%, NaNO3 0.1%, 0.1% KH2PO4, MgSO4. 7H2O 0.05%), indicating a lipase activity of 256 (U / ml) / min. Tests of the factorial design, the test indicated that 11 had the highest activity of 480 U / mL for lipase production. The results suggest the reuse of waste oil from the ice cream industry for the development and production of microbial lipase. / O Bacillus licheniformis é uma bactéria versátil, e tem sido utilizada atualmente na produção de diversos produtos bitecnológicos. As lipases (E.C.3.1.1.3 ) são enzimas encontradas na natureza, podendo ser obtidas de fontes animais, vegetais e microbianas, sendo essas últimas bastante utilizadas devido a série de vantagens apresentadas frente as demais. A utilização de rejeitos industriais para produção e formulação de meios de produção de diversos bioprodutos, tem surgido como uma alternativa de minimizar o descarte de rejeitos das diversas indústrias de produção, principalmente as de origem alimentícia. Sorvetes são produtos alimentícios obtidos a partir de uma emulsão de gorduras e proteínas, com ou sem a adição de outros ingredientes e substâncias que tenham sido submetidas ao congelamento, a sua produção em larga escala gera resíduos sólido-líquidos com uma grande quantidade de gorduras e outros resíduos orgânicos. Neste trabalho, inicialmente foram realizados estudos para selecionar meio alternativo para produção de lipase por B. licheniformis (UCP 1014). E a seguir a formulação de um meio alternativo de produção, utilizando um resíduo da indústria de sorvete através de um planejamento fatorial de 24. Os ensaios ocorreram durante 96h, a 37oC Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o meio denominado de C (glicose 1,0%, peptona, 2,0%, extrato de levedura 0,5%, óleo de oliva, 1,0%, NaNO3 0,1%, KH2PO4 0,1%, MgSO4. 7H2O 0,05%), apresentando uma atividade lipolítica de 256 (U/ml)/min. Os ensaios referentes ao planejamento fatorial, indicaram que o ensaio 11 apresentou a maior atividade de 480 U/mL, para a lipase produzida. Os resultados obtidos sugerem o reaproveitamento de resíduos oleosos provenientes da indústria de sorvete para formulação e produção de lipase microbiana.