La littérature en gestion des organisations est riche de travaux témoignant de pratiques transgressives en entreprise, aux motivations très diverses, mais qui souvent, sont le résultat d’initiatives individuelles. Rares sont les exemples de transgression collective en milieu professionnel, reposant sur un désaccord commun d’un aspect de l’organisation du travail.A partir d’une observation participante rétrospective au niveau d’un service d’une multinationale, je me suis interrogé sur ce phénomène qui peut être considéré de prime abord comme une forme de déviance, mais dont l’enquête de terrain cherche à montrer l’importance de l’impact des tensions organisationnelles et des comportements managériaux.Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre comment un groupe est parvenu à bâtir une action transgressive commune et à concilier les exigences contradictoires imposées par l’environnement, en étudiant les concepts de la coopération, de la connivence et du secret. / Organizational management has extensively studied organizational misbehaviors and their motivations, which often are initiated by individuals. Examples of collective deviance at work, based on a mutual disagreement on how to conduct a task, are unusual.Following a retrospective participant observation within a multinational department, I questioned this action which could be considered at first as a deviance. However I demonstrate based on fieldwork, that this action is the result of influences of organizational tensions and managerial behaviors.This thesis aims to understand how a group of individuals succeed in organizing a transgressive collective action, and how they conciliate with working requirements, using concepts such as cooperation, connivance and secret.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 154736.pdf.jpg: 11167 bytes, checksum: c54429c7a19993eb1a0d8c317d47e577 (MD5) 154736.pdf: 793144 bytes, checksum: 6ff2b730403c9bd9d9e6890986bc3ac4 (MD5) 154736.pdf.txt: 256846 bytes, checksum: 718e16e7c731050f8c866fb834e0a273 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-03T00:00:00Z / This work approaches some of the behaviors revealed by the industrial employees from the region of the medium Vale do Paraíba, State of São Paulo, which can be characterized as behavior deviation inside the organization, because they are in disagreement with the internal codes – implicit or explicit ones – and that result in losses for the organization. The research aims at identifying its decisive and significant factors. This is an exploratory study which uses the questionnaire technique, applied to a sample of 1.450 employees, and the interview as well. The statistic pattern utilized to determine the behavior deviation incidence, submitted to the evaluation, has been considered useful for the deviation foresight. Among the results are the identification of the behavior deviation incidence, with 63% of occurrence related to the amount of the 936 participators that returned valid questionnaires; the identification of the decisive factors – the organizational and ethical environment, the subjective and the economic factors –; and the proposal of a cycle that represents the dynamics that guides the behavior deviation and its determiners that encloses the following steps: the decisive factor, the occurrence of the behavior deviation, the losses for organization-employee, the feedback of the process. The participators profile is related to the behavior deviation issue, according to their instruction level and their work area. The results obtained with the interviews have pointed that employees of the enterprises considered in this research are involved in extra activities, usually to complement their wages. There is a disconnection between employee and employer, what can suggest communication failures and inadequacy of behaviors codes and rules; there is a culture of the behavior deviation. The research has pointed that: (1) it is possible to use that cycle to identify and predict the behavior deviation, since this behavior is considered conflicting with the enterprise interests; (2) the organizational culture may be incorporated in order to develop the ethical behaviors of the employees and consequent competitive advantages for the organization; (3) it is necessary to create a planning process that regards all the involved social actors, having as basis the ethical principles applied to the behaviors codes formation, in order to encourage the development of the character values. / A ética, nos dias de hoje, ocupa um lugar primordial no campo organizacional, como também em toda a sociedade. A primeira metade do século XX se caracterizou, de certa forma, por um período em que predominou a abordagem mecanicista. A máquina, como foco de atenções, parecia se sobrepor ao ser humano. Na segunda metade do século XX o empregado passou a ser valorizado enquanto pessoa. Isso fortaleceu a abordagem psico-sociológica. Uma das questões que se coloca é: como as organizações podem transcender a mera produção de bens e serviços e a geração de valor econômico, e como harmonizar os interesses das empresas, da sociedade e das pessoas? A resposta a esses questionamentos passa por se considerar, de maneira incisiva, o homem no ambiente profissional, sua postura ética, e os fatores que dominam a sua relação com a empresa que o emprega. Esta tese tem como objetivos proporcionar uma visão da problemática do desvio de conduta na organização, mostrar quais são os seus fatores determinantes, e de que maneira tais fatores operam na incidência do desvio de conduta. O espaço de análise considerado foram empresas industriais localizadas na região do Médio Vale do Paraíba, no Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica como fonte de embasamento teórico-conceitual e um estudo exploratório, com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. A análise qualitativa indicou, como resultado, os fatores determinantes do desvio de conduta. A análise quantitativa forneceu um modelo estatístico que descreve a relação entre os fatores determinantes e a incidência do desvio. O modelo obtido, submetido a validação, foi considerado útil para previsão do desvio de conduta. Concluiu-se que é necessário um processo de planejamento que envolva todos os atores sociais, com base em princípios éticos aplicados à formação de códigos de conduta, voltados a incentivar o desenvolvimento dos valores de caráter.