Orientador: Lucas Angioni / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_MateusRicardoFernandes_D.pdf: 823119 bytes, checksum: 7ba656176385de662b9d8593f14aa89d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nesta tese discuto aspectos da logica de Aristóteles que sao ressaltados por abordagens contemporâneas dos Primeiros Analíticos e que mostram uma teoria mais rica e sutil do que tradicionalmente se entende como sendo a lógica aristotelica. Em especial, abordo teses sobre como devem ser compreendidas as proposições categóricas, o que sao precisamente silogismos, o que sao silogismos perfeitos e quais problemas enfrenta a parte da lógica de Aristoteles que lida com proposicoes modais. Nessa direcao, abordo evidencias textuais para duas concepcoes de proposicao categorica e as dificuldades para coaduna-las com as proposicoes singulares. Alem disso, argumento que silogismos devem ser compreendidos como cadeias de predicacoes e que Aristoteles concebe um sistema logico quando procura justificar quais arranjos entre termos formam de fato tais cadeias. Argumento, tambem, que os silogismos perfeitos sao evidentes nesse sistema nao porque considerados indemonstraveis, mas porque podem ser deduzidos a partir de definicoes das proposicoes categoricas e de certas regras gerais, isto e, de regras aplicaveis nao apenas a um tipo de proposicao categorica. Por fim, apresento as caracteristicas gerais e as dificuldades de uma parte da logica de Aristoteles muito pouco associada a logica aristotelica como tradicionalmente entendida: a silogistica modal / Abstract: The present dissertation discusses aspects of Aristotle's Logic which are enhanced by contemporary approaches to Prior Analytics and display a logical theory richer and subtler than what traditionally is comprehended as being the Aristotelian Logic. My main claims concern how categorical propositions must be understood, what is the exact nature of syllogisms, what is a perfect syllogism, as well as some questions in the part of Aristotelian Logic which deals with modal propositions. From an examination of texts that support two different conceptions of categorical proposition, I discuss the difficulties in adjusting each of them to singular propositions. I also argue that syllogisms must be comprehended as chains of predications and that Aristotle conceives a logical system when he proceeds to justify which terms arrangement does produce chains of the required kind. I also argue that in this system perfect syllogisms must be understood as evident not because they are unproved, but because they are deduced from definitions for categorical propositions and from general rules, i.e. rules not applied just to some categorical propositions. Finally, I discuss general features and problems concerning a part of Aristotle's Logic rarely attached to the Aristotelian Logic as traditionally comprehended: the modal syllogistic / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia

La philosophie biologique de la technique s'est progressivement constituée depuis un débat d'idées à la fois tributaire des questions du XIXe siècle et d'un fonds philosophique antique. Il en émerge une thèse sur l'action qui fait l'homme civilisé ainsi que sur les sources et attributs de sa mainmise sur le monde à travers les progrès de la technique et l'effet d'agrandissement qui peut en résulter pour le corps individuel et collectif. C'était un programme revendicatif, car il défendait le principe d'une nouvelle pratique de la philosophie et s'installait en position de juge et de substitut de la religion. Contre de tels enjeux, où se croisent originairement des influences allemandes, anglaises et françaises, la philosophie de la technique est entrée en résistance, au risque de perdre de vue plusieurs choses : le sens de sa légitimité philosophique naturelle ; celui de sa vocation à l'interdisciplinarité ; l'accès à un objet latent en elle, le champ définitionnel de l'homme et la question de l'image. reconnaître ce qu'elle est à partir de ce qu'elle fut, demande à la philosophie de la technique : un effort de remise à plat de l'étude des sources dont elle s'est officiellement dotée ; l'élargissement du cercle des autorités ; de se détourner du concordisme ; de résister par l'analyse au préjugé défavorable dont l'accable la critique du naturalisme. C'est à ce prix qu'elle pourra restaurer en elle le sens d'une transition qui devait l'éloigner sans rupture d'un évolutionnisme trop prégnant, tout en préservant son intérêt pour la question de l'homme. En France, une telle mutation se dessine à travers le triangle d'auteurs Bergson, Simondon, Leroi-Gourhan. / Biological philosophy of technics progressively developped rom a debate of ideas depending both on the 19th century's issues and on antique philosophical information holdings. What emerges is a thesis about actions that make a civilized man and about the origins and attributes of his control over the world through technical progress and the magnifying effect that arises as a result for individual or collective systems. it was a ground-breaking program as it was in favour of the principle of a new practice of philosophy and it portayed itself as a judge and a substitute for religion. The philosophy of technics started resisting such challenges which, originally were under German, English and French influence. By doing so it risked losing sight of several aspects : the meaning of its natural philosophical legitimity, that of its vocation for interdisciplinarity, the access to a latent potential inside it, Man's definitional field and the subject of image. Recognizing what the philosophy of technics is from what it used to be requires some conditions : an effort to clarify the study of its official sources, an enlargement of the circle of competent authorities, turning away from concordism, resisting, through analysis, the negative bias poured out over it by the criticism of naturalism. This is the cost at which the philosophy of technics will be able to retsore, in its bosom, a sense of a transition that should move it away, but not cut it from, a too prevalent evolutionism, as well as it should keep its interest for the subject of Man. In France, such a mutation can be observed in a trio of authors : Bergson, Simondon and Leroi-Gourhan.