Les orichas sont des divinités d’origine africaine dont le culte est connu à Cuba sous le nom de Santería ou Regla de Ocha. A travers l’interprétation des œuvres de quatre artistes cubains, cette étude entend retracer la généalogie de l’image artistique de ces entités. Participant au mouvement des avant-gardes parisiennes, Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) est le premier artiste cubain à opérer une réappropriation artistique des orichas, conférant une forme de légitimité à une culture marginalisée dans la société postcoloniale. René Portocarrero (1912-1985) explore le syncrétisme qui a uni les orichas et les images catholiques des Saints et des Vierges et fabrique leur première image humaine. Ce n’est qu’avec Manuel Mendive (né en 1944) que les orichas sont imaginés comme des dieux noirs et deviennent des figures positives de la négritude dans l’art. Afin de remettre en question la supposée ancestralité des orichas, Santiago Rodríguez Olazábal (né en 1955) propose à partir des années 1990 des représentations de ces dieux en prise avec le monde contemporain. Cette généalogie des représentations des orichas permet d’interroger la place des cultures des afro-descendants dans les sociétés postcoloniales, les logiques de conservation du patrimoine afro-cubain et de mise en spectacle de celui-ci, ainsi que les formes d’articulation entre la création artistique d’une ancienne périphérie et le marché international de l’art. Elle propose également une réflexion sur les rapports entre la politique, l’art et la religion dans une période déterminante de l’histoire contemporaine de Cuba. / Orichas are not only gods from a syncretic Cuban religion, but also Cuban popular culture characters becoming more and more famous abroad. This work intends to understand the invention of oricha artistic images while studying the artworks of four Cuban artists. Following the surrealist and cubist movement, Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) is the first artist to adopt orichas as a subject for his paintings. Through this choice he legitimates a culture that was marginalized in the postcolonial society until then. René Portocarrero (1912-1985) works on the syncretism between orichas and Catholic Saints and Virgins and builds their human representations. But it’s Manuel Mendive (born in 1944) who creates the figures of the black gods and turn them into positive characters of blackness in art. Santiago Rodríguez Olazábal (born in 1955) designs a new way of representing orichas according to contemporary art aesthetics. This genealogy of the orichas focuses on the Afro Cuban cultures role in postcolonial societies, their folklorisation and adaptation to spectacular shows, and the articulation between perpipherical artistic creation and the international art market. It also considers the links between politics, art and religion during a very relevant period of contemporary Cuban history.

[pt] Vivemos um momento histórico ímpar, no qual, apesar da aparente consolidação de um sistema de produção e seus eventuais reflexos na super-estrutura sócio-jurídica, os indivíduos não encontram certezas, apenas vagos referenciais. Os questionamentos em todas as áreas do saber humano se desdobram em miragens e, especialmente nas ciências sociais, a busca pelas respostas às indagações existenciais passa necessariamente pela interdisciplinaridade. Confiando ser esta tendência a melhor opção a ser tomada, objetivando analisar as organizações - sua estrutura, personagens, interação e conflitos - esta pesquisa recorreu a conceitos da Antropologia Cultural, Semiótica, Lingüística e Psicologia . A abordagem da cultura e estrutura organizacional foi parametrizada pelo papel da linguagem e do poder, sua interelação e conflito, dentro das organizações. / [en] We are living a very peculiar historical moment, facing a would-be consolidation of na economic system and its impact on in the socio-legal institutions. In spite of this apparently solid environment, there is na absolute lack of certainties. Believing that all questionings concerning the human knowledge goes through interdisciplinary studies, this research appealed to some concepts of Cultural Anthropology, Linguistics, Semiotics, and Psychology in order to analyze some organizational aspects, such as strucuture, characters: their interaction and conflicts. The basic tools used to analyze the organizations´ cultural features were language and power. / [es] Vivimos un momento histórico, en el cual, a pesar de la aparente consolidación de un sistema de producción y sus eventuales reflejos en la super-extructura socio-jurídica, los individuos no encuentran certezas, tan solo vagas referencias. Los cuestionamientos en todas las áreas del saber humano se desdoblan em visiones y, especialmente en las ciencias sociales, la búsqueda de respuestas a las indagaciones existenciales pasa necesariamente por la interdisciplinariedad. Confiando en que esta tendencia es la mejor opción a tomar al analizar las organizaciones - su extructura, personajes, interacción y conflictos - esta investigación recorrió a conceptos de la Antropología Cultural, Semiótica, Lingüística e Psicología . El abordaje de la cultura y extructura organizacional fue parametrizada por el papel del lenguaje y del poder, su interrelación y conflicto, dentro de las organizaciones.