Political, military, and economic power alone cannot explain how empires work, for empire-making is also a matter of theories, narratives, ideas and institutions. To sustain themselves, empires both coerce and persuade. Tools of persuasion, however, were seldom the monopoly of those who sought to dominate, for they could also be contested and appropriated by those who sought to resist. This dissertation on Chosŏn Korea’s (1392–1910) interactions with Ming China (1368–1644) offers a cultural history of interstate orders and diplomatic institutions in early modern Korea and East Asia. I illustrate how Chosŏn appropriated the persuasive technologies that sustained Ming empire as a political imaginary to contest Ming imperial claims and ultimately reshape imperial ideology. Chosŏn-Ming relations have long been described in terms of “tributary relations.” This paradigm, as conceived by John K. Fairbank and others, understands these relations as the logical consequence of a shared Confucian ideology and illustrative of Korea’s historical status as China’s model tributary. These approaches privilege a metropole-centered vantage and have failed to account for Korean agency. They treat Korean envoy missions, ritual performances, and literary production as scripted gestures that can only reflect stable ideology. Meanwhile, they miss how these acts were contesting and transforming ideology in the process. I argue that the Chosŏn court in fact exercised enormous agency through these ritualized practices. The discourses of the Ming as moral empire and Korea as a loyal vassal, long held to be emblematic features of the tributary system, were a large part reified products of Chosŏn diplomatic strategy. They did not reflect a pre-existing political order, but constituted its very substance. They were part of the “knowledge of empire” produced by the Chosŏn court for comprehending the Ming and its institutions and influencing imperial ideology. Facilitated by institutional practices at the Chosŏn court, this “knowledge of empire” allowed Chosŏn to manage successfully asymmetrical relations with the Ming and co-construct Ming empire in the process. Chapter 1 examines Korean diplomatic epistles to show how the Korean court used its knowledge of historical precedents, ritual logics, and literary tropes of empire-making to contest symbols of imperial legitimacy. Chapter 2 discusses how Korean emissaries appealed to ideals of moral empire and reified particular understandings of Korea’s relationship with the Ming to achieve their diplomatic ends. Chapter 3 treats Korean envoy missions as a conduit for information on Ming institutions and politics. As a result, the Chosŏn was able to construct a dynamic of knowledge asymmetry where it knew more about the Ming than vice-versa. Once empire was constructed, its symbols and institutions were subject to appropriation. Chapter 4 looks at one such example, where a Korean prince manipulated diplomacy with the Ming to usurp the Chosŏn throne. Chapter 5 shows how the practices of envoy poetry associated with the Brilliant Flowers Anthology (Hwanghwajip) became a site where competing narratives of how Chosŏn’s relationship to empire, civilization, and the imperial past could stand together. Chapter 6 continues the discussion of envoy poetry by turning to its associated spatial practices. Chosŏn court poets invested the city of P’yŏngyang with symbolic resonances that asserted Korean cultural parity with China, legitimized Korean autonomy and denounced historical imperial claims on Korean territory, all without infringing on Ming claims of universal empire.

This dissertation analyzes how the motif of the “morbid genius” became a central concept for the formation of the literary field in 1910s and 1920s Japan. Writers deployed the idea that artistic creativity is a form of mental abnormality in order to carve a privileged space for themselves as “modern authors,” at a time when literary writing was becoming professionalized. Psychological abnormality offered both a mark of modernity, as well as a set of aesthetic, medical and political discourses to legitimize a notion of literary value based on the artist's unique experience of the world. This discourse of uniqueness was often contrasted with the logic of economic profit, as if the authors' abnormality were proof that their works had value beyond the price they commanded as a commodity in the mass cultural market. However, it was precisely this configuration of literary value as extra-economical that made possible the creation of a privileged space for literature within the cultural economy of value. Chapter 1 traces the origins of medicalized concepts of “morbid genius” and their reception and development in modern Japan. I argue that by the 1910s, psychological abnormality had become naturalized in Japan as a key feature of “modern literature.” Next, I look at the circulation of biographical literature on 19th-century European artists in Japan. While relatively rare before, modern artists become the dominant subject in biographical literature published after 1914. This interest in the lives of European artists appears actually at the same time that their works became widely available in translation, establishing a very close connection between their oeuvre and their pathological diagnosis. The rest of the chapter is devoted to the discussions of artistic pathology in the popular psychology journal Hentai shinri (Abnormal Psychology, 1917-1926), both in the form of “pathographies” of 19th-century European artists, and in writings by 1920s Japanese authors on their own experiences with psychological abnormality. Chapter 2 focuses on the early works of Tanizaki Jun'ichirō (1886-1965), looking specifically at stories that explore the moral and aesthetic implications of the ideal of the “morbid genius” in the context of the modern cultural market. I interpret Tanizaki's use of psychological abnormality motifs as an attempt to construct a model of artistic development that is markedly different from established narratives of bourgeois and academic success, exploring an idea of artistic value as originated in the unique psyche of the artist. Tanizaki’s texts highlight the ambivalent position of the modern artist by focusing on protagonists who waver between the lure of the “morbid genius” image, and the need to participate in the economic exchange of the cultural market to achieve recognition as artists. Chapter 3 is devoted to the early writings of Satō Haruo (1892-1964). I analyze his utopian theory of art as a path towards one’s “highest self,” and a space of resistance against the uniformization of human experience and alienation from one’s labor brought by the industrial economy. Against this background, I highlight in his fiction the contradictory interplay between the unique morbid sensibility of artists, and the demands of their professional position in the modern economy. To close, I propose Satō's 1920s writings about Taiwan as an endpoint for this utopian project, when his fascination with abnormal creativity encounters the harsh realities of colonial violence. Chapter 4 looks at the works of Akutagawa Ryūnosuke (1892-1927). I understand Akutagawa's experiments with fragmented narrative form as an extension of his interest in abnormal perception, and not as the crisis of a previously unproblematic and self-contained “modern artist.” Akutagawa's historical fiction and critical texts, as well as his obsession with the risk of an inherited madness, show that his idea of the “modern artist” was always based on liminal figures that struggled with the taxing demands of artistic activity. I close the chapter with Akutagawa’s re-telling of the life of Christ, to consider how the discourse of abnormal genius, and artistic labor by extension, gains an existential dimension when used to re-interpret the New Testament and celebrate artists as “christs.”

This dissertation examines the literary and cultural history of information in modern China from 1919 to 1949. This era witnessed a kind of communications revolution, marked by the rapid proliferation of new ways of transmitting and inscribing information, which joined other revolutions (sociopolitical, linguistic) in ushering in the modern subject. In the form of xiaoxi, xinxi, or tongji, “information” became an essential entity by which to understand and implement modern practices cropping up throughout China—from statistical knowledge to political propaganda, from stock speculation to new virtual communities. This dissertation uses four case studies to revisit familiar writers such as Mao Dun (1896-1981), Ding Ling (1904-1986), and Shen Congwen (1902-1988), while also excavating a number of innovative figures such as the avant-garde psychologist, Zhang Yaoxiang (1893-1964), and the communications critic, Xie Liuyi (1898-1945), to show how the rise of a modern literary culture is inseparable from the rise of this early information era, when writers, critics, and artists collectively developed new modes of literary representation, critical reading, and visualizing information. New fiction did not simply passively reflect the spread of information into everyday life or changes in China’s information order. Rather, as writers and critics integrated forms of information into their work, even envisioning literature itself as a kind of medium of information, they contributed to what I call an emergent “aesthetics of information.” Why did forms like the database or the encyclopedia inspire new modes of literary composition? How could literary forms incorporate or critique forms of data organization such as account books or statistical tables? When did information provide new ways of constructing the real—and when did literary realism seem directly opposed to the abstractive and disembodying qualities of information? The aesthetics of information directly and creatively engaged with information in a variety of ways, sometimes by way of a process of absorption and appropriation, and at other times through a more oppositional logic of resistance in the form of critique, unmasking, or satire. Ultimately the lens of “information” sheds new light on the development of modern Chinese literature, while also contributing a crucial piece to the broader mosaic of modern information’s global history. It thereby historicizes the early foundations of many of the hallmarks of postindustrial life and culture in China today: the spread of abstraction, the rise of white-collar information management, and the increasingly important role of network communications in modulating sociality and politics.

Uma das principais pragas de pomares de Rosaceas na região sul do Brasil é a mariposa-oriental (MO), Grapholita molesta, (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Para o controle deste inseto são utilizados, principalmente, inseticidas, sendo os feromônios uma alternativa para o seu manejo. Dentro deste contexto, feromônios e inseticidas nano formulados podem potencializar o uso destas ferramentas em agroecossitemas. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) avaliar via cromatografia gasosa (CG), a taxa de liberação de (Z)-8-acetato de dodecenila (composto feromonal majoritário) impregnado em nanofibras de policaprolactona (PCL) e polietilenoglicol (PEG) (1:1); b) observar as respostas eletrofisiológicas (EAG) de machos de MO frente às nanofibras contendo feromônio sexual específico; c) testar a atratividade de nanofibras com feromônio na captura de MO a campo e d) registrar a mortalidade por contato e a percepção eletroantenográfica de machos de MO em relação a formulação de nanofibras confeccionadas com feromônio sexual e o inseticida Nortox 250 CE (cipermetrina). Em todos os bioensaios de laboratório foram avaliadas nanofibras novas e expostas ao ambiente. Nos testes (EAG) foi avaliada a percepção de machos a nanofibras com 0,01 e 0,001% de feromônio, assim como, a formulação comercial ISCAlure®Grafolita; nanofibras com feromônio e 125mg.L-1 de cipermetrina; somente com inseticida e ao controle (sem ambos). Os experimentos de campo foram realizados em pomares de pessegueiro e ameixeira em duas safras consecutivas (2014 e 2015). Na primeira, foram avaliadas a formulação (PCL/PEG) contendo feromônio em diferentes proporções (0,01; 0,1 e 1%), além de armadilhas com fêmeas virgens. Em 2015, foram utilizadas nanofibras com 0,01 e 0,001% de feromônio e estas comparadas com a formulação comercial e o controle (sem feromônio). Ambos os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos ao longo de dez semanas. Para avaliar a mortalidade, foram realizados testes de contato e de gaiola, com nanofibras contendo 0,01% (0,87mg.L-1) de feromônio e 125mg.L-1 de cipermetrina. Nas análises em GC foi possível constatar que as taxas de liberação das nanofibras, não variaram entre 21 e 42 dias, no entanto houve uma diminuição na presença do feromônio após os 63, para ambos os tratamentos (0,01 e 0,001%). As respostas eletroantenográficas foram estatisticamente iguais entre os tratamentos contendo 0,01, 0,001% e o septo comercial de feromônio. Também não houve diferenças na percepção entre nanofibras com e sem inseticida. Em 2014 as maiores capturas foram em armadilhas iscadas com 0,01% de feromônio. No ano seguinte, este mesmo tratamento somente atraiu mais insetos nas primeiras cinco semanas, sendo o septo comercial o mais atrativo da sexta a décima. Nos bioensaios de contato tarsal, a mortalidade foi maior do que 87%, após a exposição de 84 dias e variou 28,33 a 56,67% nos testes de atrai-e-mata. / One of the main pests of rosacea orchards in southern Brazil is the oriental-fruit-moth Grapholita molesta (MO) (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). To control this insect insecticides are used mainly, pheromones are an alternative to their management. Within this context, pheromones and insecticides nanoformulations can enhance the use of these tools in agroecosystems. Thus, the objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate by gas chromatography (GC), the release rate of (Z) -8-dodecenyl acetate (majority pheromone compound) contained in polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) nanofibers (1:1); b) observe the Electroantenographical (EAG) responses of MO males front of nanofibers containing specific sex pheromone; c) testing the attractiveness of pheromone nanofibers in the capture G. molesta in field; d) record mortality by contact and EAG perception MO males compared to nanofibers formulation made with sex pheromone and insecticide Nortox 250 EC (cypermethrin). In all the laboratory bioassays were evaluated nanofibers new and exposed to the environment. In EAG tests the perception of males to nanofibers with 0.01 and 0.001% pheromone, as well as the commercial formulation ISCAlure®Grafolita was evaluated; nanofibers with pheromone and cypermethrin 125mg.L-1; only with insecticide and control (without both). Field experiments were conducted in peach and plum orchards in two consecutive seasons (2014 and 2015). At the first, the formulations (PCL / PEG) containing pheromone in different ratios (0.01, 0.1 and 1%), and traps with virgin females was evaluated. In 2015, nanofibers with 0.01 and 0.001% of pheromone were used and compared with the commercial formulation and control (without pheromone). Both field experiments were conducted over ten weeks. To assess mortality, contact and cage tests were performed using nanofiber whit 0.01% (0.87mg.L-1) pheromone and 125mg.L-1 cypermethrin. In the analysis in GC was possible to notice that the release rates of pheromone, did not vary between 21 and 42 days, however there was a decrease in pheromone presence after 63 for both treatments (0.01 and 0.001%). EAG responses were statistically similar between treatments containing 0.01, 0.001% and the commercial septum. There were also no differences in perception between the nanofibers with and without insecticide. In 2014 the largest catches were in traps baited with pheromone 0.01%. In the following year, the same treatment only attracted more insects in the first five weeks, and the commercial septum was most attractive from the sixth to tenth. Mortality in tarsal-contact tests was greater than 87%, after 84 days exposure and ranged from 28.33 to 56.67% in attract-and-kill bioassays.

Grapholita molesta é uma das principais pragas de Rosaceae, provocando danos significativos nas brotações e nos frutos. Nos meses de dormência das rosáceas, no sul do Brasil, a densidade populacional é reduzida. Nesse estudo, foi avaliada a influência dos fotoperíodos (10L:14E, 11L:13E, 12L:12E, 13L:11E, 14L:10E e 16L:8E) na temperatura de 25 ± 1 ºC e umidade relativa de 60 ± 10% na indução da diapausa nas fases de ovo, larva, pré-pupa e pupa de G. molesta. Observou-se também o efeito do fotoperíodo no tempo de desenvolvimento dos insetos que não manifestaram diapausa, bem como a fertilidade, a fecundidade e a duração das fases imaturas da segunda geração. A diapausa foi observada, no estágio de prépupa, apenas quando ovos e larvas com menos de 12 horas foram expostos às fotofases de 10, 11, 12, 13 e 14 horas. Entre os indivíduos que não manifestaram dormência, a redução da fotofase tendeu a aumentar o tempo de desenvolvimento dos insetos. A fecundidade e a fertilidade, de modo geral, não foram afetadas pelo fotoperíodo. O tempo de desenvolvimento dos indivíduos da segunda geração tendeu a ser mais longo nas fotofases entre 14 e 10 horas. / Grapholita molesta is a major pests of Rosaceae, causing significant damage to buds and fruits. In Southern Brazil, its population density is reduced during Rosaceae dormancy months. In this study, we evaluated the influence of photoperiod (10L:14D, 11L:13D, 12L:12D, 13L:11D, 14L:10D and 16L:8D) on diapause induction of egg, larval, prepupal and pupal phases in G. molesta, at 25 ± 1 ºC of temperature and 60 ± 10% of relative humidity. We also observed the photoperiod effect on the duration of development of non-diapausing insects, on fertility and fecundity, and the duration of the immature stages of the second generation. The prepupal diapause was observed only when eggs and larvae were submitted to photophases of 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 hours. Among the individuals that did not manifest dormancy, the photophase reduction tended to increase the length of development. In general, fecundity and fertility were not affected by the photoperiod. The development of the second generation individuals tended to be longer in the photophases between 10 and 14 hours.

Orientadora: Ana Maria Domingues de Oliveira / Banca: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: Sandra A. Ferreira / Banca: Dilip Loundo / Banca: José Hélder Pinheiro Alves / Resumo: A presença da Índia na biografia e na obra de Cecília Meireles é notável. A relação entre a poetisa e a Índia apresenta-se de forma explícita e implícita em sua produção: por um lado, tem-se o volume Poemas escritos na Índia, paralelamente às diversas crônicas sobre esse país, assim como conferências e aulas; por outro lado, em sua lírica, há inúmeros poemas que permitem a leitura de princípios, temas e nuances do pensamento filosóficoreligioso tipicamente indiano, reconhecíveis como associáveis ao hinduísmo ou ao budismo. Em nossa análise, partimos da premissa de ser imprescindível tanto a leitura de poemas sobre a Índia (paisagens, cotidiano e personalidades), como o levantamento temático dos aspectos filosófico-religiosos indianos na lírica ceciliana, por meio de análises interpretativas de poemas, demonstrando que a Índia e o pensamento indiano se apresentam nessa poesia horizontal e verticalmente. Assim, as primeiras seções analíticas são dedicadas ao país como locus para o qual a poetisa volta sua atenção e o adota como cenário, como motivo de alguns poemas; ou do qual elege personagens sobre os quais trata. Abordamos, primeiramente, a relação entre a poetisa e a Índia, por meio de dados biográficos, crônicas e da análise do poema "Cântico à Índia pacífica". Em seguida, falamos da relação de Cecília com os dois indianos renomados e analisamos poemas dedicados a eles: o pensador, educador e poeta Rabindranath Tagore e o poema "Diviníssimo Poeta", e o pacifista Mohandas K. Gandhi, e o poema "Mahatma Gandhi". Então, enfocamos o livro Poemas escritos na Índia, fruto de sua viagem à Índia em 1953, e pensamos, por um lado, em Cecília como poetisa-viajante, e discorremos brevemente sobre o ato de viajar para ela. E, por outro lado, averiguamos que a mulher indiana se destaca no volume, e, assim, analisamos dois poemas sobre a mulher... / Abstract: The presence of India in Cecília Meireles's biography is considerable. The relationship between the poetess and India presents itself both explicitly and implicitly in her writings: on one hand, there is the title Poems written in India, parallel to it there are a lot of chronicles and lectures about this country; on the other hand, dozens of poems allow the inference of premises, nuances, and themes related to Indian philosophical and religious thought, related to Hinduism and/or Buddhism. In this present analysis, we started up based on the premise that it is unavoidable both considering the poems on India (Indian sceneries, daily life and individuals), and the inventory of philosophical/religious aspects in the poems, by means of interpretative analysis, showing that India and Indian thought appear in Cecília's poetry vertically and horizontally. In this light, we dedicate the first analytical sections to the country as a place at which Cecília devotes her attention, employ as background for several poems, and from where she elects some individuals about whom she writes. We approach, firstly, the relationship between Cecília and India, by looking at biographical data, travel chronicles and the analysis of the poem "Hymn for peaceful India". Then, we discuss the relationship between Cecília and two renowned Indian personalities, in whose honor she dedicated poems, lectures, etc., i.e., the Indian poet, thinker and educator Rabindranath Tagore, and the poem "The most divine poet", and the pacifist Mohandas K. Gandhi, and the poem "Mahatma Gandhi". After that, we focus on the book Poems written in India, result of her trip there in 1953, and we consider, on one hand, Cecília as a traveler, and, on the other, her view on Indian women and their work as we analyze two poems, "Humility" and "Puri Women". The latter in comparison to another poem, "Ballad for the ten... / Doutor

In the late 1640s, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione produced two series of etchings, which historians have named his Oriental Heads, depicting a variety of figures in exotic headgear. The persistence of Oriental headdresses throughout the series suggests a pervasive interest in costume on the part of both Castiglione and his society. In the seventeenth-century Western European imagination, the turbaned figure represented the epitome of alterity: the Ottoman Turk. Signed “CASTIGLIONE, GENOVESE,” the etchings reveal the artist’s important Genoese origins as a part of his artistic identity. Castiglione’s eccentric tendencies, especially in his own personal mode of dress, coupled with the prevalence of exotic costume in the Oriental Heads speaks to the artist’s self-fashioned image as a fashionable, yet controversial eccentric persona. These etchings were tools to attract potential patrons, encourage buyers to purchase the etchings, and above all, to fashion his artistic identity in the international art center of Rome.

The study of Russia ¡§New Oriental diplomacy¡¨ Abstract Purpose of the thesis is to study after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, Russia, the country's foreign policy from the one-sided, ¡§Pro-Western¡¨ policies, transferred to "Double-headed Eagle", "New Oriental diplomacy". The Russian and Asian countries increase the proportion of interaction, hope to be deepened in Asia regional influence, and then rebuild Russia's prestige in the world's great powers. Russia's the main objectives of "New Oriental diplomacy" is through the Russian Far East, Siberia area and the Asian countries, geographical proximity, and develop cooperation in security and economic-related policies. The approach of the thesis is realism, trying to analyze of Russia's "New Oriental diplomacy" in Asian security and economic cooperation. "New Oriental diplomacy"¡¦s safe side by taking part in the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization", with Member States in combating the three forces, to consolidate the Russian national security. "New Oriental diplomacy"¡¦s economic side by Russia's rich resources to promote cooperation with Asian countries, showing the oil pipeline and natural gas-related development. Finally, the thesis of Russia's "New Oriental diplomacy" for the Far Eastern Siberia, and East Asian countries jointly regional development, boosting Russia's economic success, more deep interaction with Asian countries to increase Russia's influence in Asian countries.

No description available.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1973. / Bibliography: leaves [120]-125. / xi, 125 l illus., tables